Iwan Baan: Ingenious homes in unexpected places

Translator: Kadri Klementi Reviewer: Aari Lemmik

Throughout my career, I've been fortunate enough

Oma karjääri jooksul

on mul olnud õnn teha koostööd

to work with many of the great

international architects,

paljude maailmakuulsate arhitektidega,

documenting their work and observing

jäädvustades nende tööd ja olles tunnistajaks

how their designs have the capacity

kuidas nende looming mõjutab linnu, milles need rajatised asuvad.

to influence the cities in which they sit.

I think of new cities like Dubai

Nii uusi linnu nagu Dubai

or ancient cities like Rome

või ka vanu linnu nagu Rooma,

with Zaha Hadid's incredible MAXXI museum,

kus asub Zaha Hadidi vapustav MAXXI muuseum

or like right here in New York with the High Line,

või nagu New York, kus asub High Line'i park,

a city which has been so much influenced

mille arendus on avaldanud New Yorgile tohutut mõju

by the development of this.

But what I find really fascinating

Mis mind aga tõeliselt paelub, on see,

is what happens when architects and planners leave

mis juhtub siis, kui arhitektid ja planeerijad lahkuvad

and these places become appropriated by people,

ja need kohad saavad inimeste omaks.

like here in Chandigarh, India,

Nagu siin, Chandigarhis Indias,

the city which has been completely designed

linnas, mille on tervenisti projekteerinud

by the architect Le Corbusier.

arhitekt Le Corbusier.

Now 60 years later, the city has been taken over

Nüüd, 60 aastat hiljem,

on hooned leidnud hoopis teistsuguse rakenduse kui see

by people in very different ways

from whatever perhaps intended for,

milleks see maja kunagi rajati.

like here, where you have the people

Siin näiteks istuvad inimesed

sitting in the windows of the assembly hall.

konverentsiruumi akna-avades.

But over the course of several years,

Läbi aastate olen jäädvustanud

I've been documenting Rem Koolhaas's

Rem Koolhaasi CCTV hoonet Pekingis

CCTV building in Beijing

and the olympic stadium in the same city

ja ka Pekingi olümpiastaadionit,

by the architects Herzog and de Meuron.

mille autoriks on arhitektid Herzog ja de Meuron.

At these large-scale construction sites in China,

Sellistel suurtel ehitusplatsidel Hiinas

you see a sort of makeshift camp

näeb ajutisi linnakuid,

where workers live during the entire building process.

kus ehitajad elavad kogu ehituse aja.

As the length of the construction takes years,

Kuna ehitamine kestab aastaid,

workers end up forming a rather rough-and-ready

klopsivad töölised käepärastest materjalidest kokku pseudolinna,

informal city, making for quite a juxtaposition

mis vastandub teravalt keerukate objektidega,

against the sophisticated structures that they're building.

mida nad sealsamas kõrval ehitavad.

Over the past seven years, I've been following

Olen viimase seitsme aasta jooksul

my fascination with the built environment,

lasknud end juhtida oma kiindumusest ehitatud keskkonna vastu.

and for those of you who know me, you would say

Need, kes mind teavad, võivad kinnitada,

that this obsession has led me to live

et selle kire tõttu elan ma 365 päeva aastas oma kohvri otsas.

out of a suitcase 365 days a year.

Being constantly on the move

Kogu aeg liikvel olemine tähendab,

means that sometimes I am able

et mõnikord satun ma peale

to catch life's most unpredictable moments,

elu ettearvamatutele hetkedele.

like here in New York

Nagu näiteks siin, New Yorgis,

the day after the Sandy storm hit the city.

päev peale seda, kui linna tabas torm Sandy.

Just over three years ago,

Veidi enam kui kolm aastat tagasi

I was for the first time in Caracas, Venezuela,

olin esimest korda Caracases Venetsueelas

and while flying over the city, I was just amazed

ja linnast üle lennates hämmastas mind,

by the extent to which the slums

kui sügavale igasse linna soppi slummid ulatuvad

reach into every corner of the city,

a place where nearly 70 percent of the population

Seal elab 70% linnaelanikest,

lives in slums,

slummid katavad terveid mäekülgi.

draped literally all over the mountains.

During a conversation with local architects Urban-Think Tank,

Vesteldes kohalike arhitektidega Urban Think Tankist,

I learned about the Torre David,

kuulsin Torre Davidist,

a 45-story office building which sits

45-kordsest kontorihoonest Caracase südalinnas.

right in the center of Caracas.

The building was under construction

Torni ehitati kuni Venetsueelat tabas majanduskrahh

until the collapse of the Venezuelan economy

and the death of the developer in the early '90s.

ja arendaja 1990ndate alguses suri.

About eight years ago, people started moving

Umbes kaheksa aastat tagasi

hakkasid inimesed kolima mahajäetud hoonesse

into the abandoned tower

and began to build their homes right in between

ja pooleliolevasse torni kodusid rajama.

every column of this unfinished tower.

There's only one little entrance to the entire building,

Tornil on ainult üks väike sissepääs

and the 3,000 residents come in and out

ja selle 3000 elanikku käivad sisse-välja

through that single door.

läbi selle üheainsa ukse.

Together, the inhabitants created public spaces

Koos rajasid elanikud avalikke ruume ja kujundasid need nii,

and designed them to feel more like a home

tunne oleks rohkem nagu kodus mitte kui poolelioleval ehitusobjektil.

and less like an unfinished tower.

In the lobby, they painted the walls and planted trees.

Fuajees värviti seinu ja istutati puid.

They also made a basketball court.

Nad tegid isegi korvpalliplatsi.

But when you look up closely,

Aga kui natuke ringi vaadata,

you see massive holes where elevators

võib märgata suuri auke,

and services would have run through.

kus peaksid olema liftid ja torud.

Within the tower, people have come up

Tornielanikud on välja mõelnud mitmesuguseid lahendusi

with all sorts of solutions

in response to the various needs

et katta igasuguseid erinevaid vajadusi,

which arise from living in an unfinished tower.

mis lõpetamata hoones elades tekivad.

With no elevators,

Liftide puudumine teeb hoonest 45 korruselise ronimistorni,

the tower is like a 45-story walkup.

Designed in very specific ways

mis on elukohaks kujundatud siinsete elanike poolt,

by this group of people

who haven't had any education in architecture or design.

kel ei ole arhitektuuri- või disainiharidust.

And with each inhabitant finding their own

Iga elanik on leidnud oma viisi oludega hakkamasaamiseks

unique way of coming by,

this tower becomes like a living city,

tornist on saanud elav linn,

a place which is alive with micro-economies

koht, kus mikromajandus ja väikesed ärid õitsevad.

and small businesses.

The inventive inhabitants, for instance,

Näiteks näevad leidlikud elanikud

find opportunities in the most unexpected cases,

lahendusi ootamatutes kohtades –

like the adjacent parking garage,

nagu kõrvalasuvas parkimismajas,

which has been reclaimed as a taxi route

mille kaldteid mööda viivad taksod

to shuttle the inhabitants up through the ramps

elanikke nende korteritesse,

in order to shorten the hike

vähendades niimoodi jalavaeva.

up to the apartments.

A walk through the tower

Tornis jalutades võib näha,

reveals how residents have figured out

mida kõike elanikud on välja mõelnud,

how to create walls, how to make an air flow,

et ehitada seinu, panna õhk liikuma,

how to create transparency,

luua läbipaistvust,

circulation throughout the tower,

ja tekitada teid liikumiseks.

essentially creating a home

Teisisõnu, nad on rajanud kodu,

that's completely adapted

mis on täielikult kohandatud asukoha tingimustele.

to the conditions of the site.

When a new inhabitant moves into the tower,

Kui majja kolib uus elanik,

they already have a roof over their head,

on katus juba pea kohal olemas,

so they just typically mark their space

ja oma ruum märgistatakse

with a few curtains or sheets.

lihtsalt mõne kardina või linaga.

Slowly, from found materials, walls rise,

Ajapikku kerkivad leidmaterjalist seinad

and people create a space out of any found objects

ja inimesed loovad oma ruumi kõikvõimalikust ettejuhtuvast materjalist.

or materials.

It's remarkable to see the design decisions

On huvitav näha, milliseid disainivalikuid tehakse.

that they're making,

like when everything is made out of red bricks,

Näiteks kui kõik on punasest tellisest,

some residents will cover that red brick

katab mõni selle punaste telliste tapeediga.

with another layer of red brick-patterned wallpaper

Et anda viimistlusele viimane lihv...

just to make it a kind of clean finish.

The inhabitants literally built up these homes

Inimesed ehitasid siinsed kodud oma kätega

with their own hands, and this labor of love

ja see annab paljudele peredele põhjuse

instills a great sense of pride

in many families living in this tower.

oma kätetöö üle suurt uhkust tunda.

They typically make the best out of their conditions,

Olukorrast võetakse parim

and try to make their spaces look nice and homey,

ja püütakse luua kena hubane kodu,

or at least up until as far as they can reach.

vähemalt nii kõrgele kui ulatab.

Throughout the tower, you come across

Tornis pakutakse igasugu teenuseid,

all kinds of services, like the barber,

on näiteks habemeajaja,

small factories, and every floor has

on väikesi tehaseidki,

ja igal korrusel on oma pisike pood.

a little grocery store or shop.

And you even find a church.

Isegi kirik on olemas.

And on the 30th floor, there is a gym

30. korrusel on jõusaal,

where all the weights and barbells

kus trenni tehakse plokkide ja vintsidega

are made out of the leftover pulleys

mis olid mõeldud liftide jaoks,

from the elevators which were never installed.

mida kunagi ei tulnud.

From the outside, behind this always-changing facade,

Väljast vaadates on aina muutuva fassaadi taga näha

you see how the fixed concrete beams

kandvaid betoonposte,

provide a framework for the inhabitants

mis on elanikele raamistikuks

to create their homes

oma kodu rajamisel orgaaniliselt ja intuitiivselt,

in an organic, intuitive way

that responds directly to their needs.

oma vajadustele vastavalt.

Let's go now to Africa, to Nigeria,

Suundume nüüd aga Aafrikasse Nigeeriasse,

to a community called Makoko,

Makoko kogukonna juurde

a slum where 150,000 people

slummi, kus 150 000 inimest

live just meters above the Lagos Lagoon.

elab mõne meetri kõrgusel Lagose laguuni kohal.

While it may appear to be a completely chaotic place,

See elukoht võib paista täieliku kaosena,

ülalt paistab see üks suur veeteede ja kanalite võrgustik,

when you see it from above, there seems to be

a whole grid of waterways and canals

connecting each and every home.

mis viib iga kodu juurde.

From the main dock, people board long wooden canoes

Suurelt kailt astutakse pikkadesse kanuudesse,

which carry them out to their various homes and shops

mis viivad inimesi koju ja poodi

located in the expansive area.

kõikjal üle selle hiigelsuure ala.

When out on the water, it's clear

Vees liikudes on näha, et siinne elu on täielikult kohandatud

that life has been completely adapted

to this very specific way of living.

just selle erilise eluviisi jaoks.

Even the canoes become variety stores

Isegi kanuudes on pudupoed

where ladies paddle from house to house,

ja neid pidavad naised sõuavad majast majja,

selling anything from toothpaste to fresh fruits.

müües kõike hambapastast värskete puuviljadeni.

Behind every window and door frame,

Igast aknast ja uksepraost

you'll see a small child peering back at you,

piidleb sind väike laps.

and while Makoko seems to be packed with people,

Kuigi Makokos on väga palju inimesi,

what's more shocking is actually

on ikkagi üllatav, kui palju lapsi

the amount of children pouring out of every building.

võib igast majast välja pudeneda.

The population growth in Nigeria,

Elanikkonna kasv Nigeerias

and especially in these areas like Makoko,

ja eriti piirkondades nagu Makoko

are painful reminders

on valus meeldetuletus,

of how out of control things really are.

et asjad kontrolli alt täiesti väljas.

In Makoko, very few systems

Makokos on suur puudus taristust.

and infrastructures exist.

Elektrisüsteem on isetehtud

Electricity is rigged and freshest water

ja vesi tuleb samuti

comes from self-built wells throughout the area.

isetehtud kaevudest.

This entire economic model

Terve siinne majandusmudel

is designed to meet a specific way of living

põhineb veepealsel elul,

on the water, so fishing and boat-making

seega on kalastamine ja paadiehitus levinud elukutsed.

are common professions.

You'll have a set of entrepreneurs

On ka ettevõtjaid,

who have set up businesses throughout the area,

kes on siin äri püsti pannud:

like barbershops, CD and DVD stores,

habemeajajad, CD ja DVD poed

movie theaters, tailors, everything is there.

kinod, õmbustöökojad - kõik on olemas.

There is even a photo studio

On isegi fotostuudio,

where you see the sort of aspiration

kus on näha, et unistatakse

to live in a real house or to be associated

päris majas elamisest või sellest. et ollakse kuskil kaugel

with a faraway place, like that hotel in Sweden.

näiteks Rootsis hotellis.

On this particular evening,

Sel õhtul sattusin peale väikesele kontserdile.

I came across this live band

dressed to the T in their coordinating outfits.

Bändil olid ühesugused esinemiskostüümid

They were floating through the canals

ja nad liikusid mööda kanaleid

in a large canoe with a fitted-out generator

suures generaatoriga varustatud kanuus

for all of the community to enjoy.

ning pakkusid meelelahutust tervele kogukonnale.

By nightfall, the area becomes almost pitch black,

Öösel on siin kottpime,

save for a small lightbulb

peale mõne üksiku põleva lambi või lõkke.

or a fire.

What originally brought me to Makoko

Algselt tõi mind Makokosse

was this project from a friend of mine,

mu sõbra, Kunlé Adeyemi projekt,

Kunlé Adeyemi, who recently finished building

hiljuti valminud kolmekordne ujuv koolimaja Makoko lastele.

this three-story floating school

for the kids in Makoko.

With this entire village existing on the water,

Kuna terve küla asub vee peal,

public space is very limited,

on avalikku ruumi väga vähe.

so now that the school is finished,

Seepärast on koolimaja

the ground floor is a playground for the kids,

alumisel korrusel mänguväljak,

but when classes are out, the platform

aga kui tunnid on läbi,

is just like a town square,

saab sellest linnaväljak,

where the fishermen mend their nets

kus kalamehed parandavad võrke

and floating shopkeepers dock their boats.

ja ujuvpoodide pidajad pargivad oma paate

Another place I'd like to share with you

Järgmine koht, mida tahaksin teiega jagada,

is the Zabbaleen in Cairo.

on Zabbaleeni kogukond Kairos.

They're descendants of farmers who began migrating

Nad on 1940ndatel oma kodukohast

from the upper Egypt in the '40s,

lahkunud talunike järeltulijad,

and today they make their living

kes teenivad elatist

by collecting and recycling waste from homes

kogudes ja ümbertöödeldes Kairo majapidamiste prügi.

from all over Cairo.

For years, the Zabbaleen would live in makeshift villages

Aastaid elasid zabbaleenid ajutistes külades

where they would move around

ja kolisid tihti,

trying to avoid the local authorities,

et vältida kohalikke võimuesindajaid,

but in the early 1980s, they settled

aga 1980ndatel jäid nad paikseks

on the Mokattam rocks

Mokattami kaljudel

just at the eastern edge of the city.

Kairo idaserval.

Today, they live in this area,

Täna elab selles kogukonnas

approximately 50,000 to 70,000 people,

kokku umbes 50 000 – 70 000 inimest,

who live in this community of self-built

ise-ehitatud korrusmajades,

multi-story houses

where up to three generations live in one structure.

kus ühes majapidamises elab koos kuni kolm põlvkonda

While these apartments that they built for themselves

Korterid on ehitatud ilma erilise planeeringuta

appear to lack any planning or formal grid,

each family specializing in a certain form of recycling

kuid kuna kõik pered tegelevad ümbertöötlemisega,

means that the ground floor of each apartment

on kõigi kodude alumine korrus

is reserved for garbage-related activities

mõeldud prügiga seotud tegevustele

and the upper floor is dedicated to living space.

ja ülemistel asuvad eluruumid.

I find it incredible to see

On hämmastav, kuidas need meeletud prügihunnikud

how these piles and piles of garbage

are invisible to the people who live there,

on nähtamatud inimestele, kes seal elavad –

like this very distinguished man who is posing

nagu sellele väärikale härrale, kes poseerib siin

while all this garbage is sort of streaming out behind him,

jugadena voolava prügi taustal.

or like these two young men who are sitting

Või neile kahele noormehele,

and chatting amongst these tons of garbage.

kes istuvad ja ajavad juttu, hoolimata neid kuhjadena ümbritsevast prügist.

While to most of us, living amongst

Kui enamikule meist tunduks võimatu elada sellises prügimassis,

these piles and piles of garbage

may seem totally uninhabitable,

to those in the Zabbaleen, this is just

siis zabbaleenide jaoks

a different type of normal.

on see omamoodi normaalsus.

In all these places I've talked about today,

Kõigis neis kohtades, millest olen täna rääkinud,

what I do find fascinating is that there's really

on minu jaoks avastus see,

et tegelikult polegi olemas sellist asja nagu normaalsus

no such thing as normal,

and it proves that people are able to adapt

ja see tõestab, et inimesed

to any kind of situation.

on võimelised kõikjal kohanema.

Throughout the day, it's quite common

On üsna tavaline, et satute väikesele tänavapeole –

to come across a small party taking place

in the streets, just like this engagement party.

nagu see kihluspidu siin.

In this tradition, the bride-to-be

Kombe kohaselt näitab pruut

displays all of their belongings,

kogu oma vara,

which they soon bring to their new husband.

mis viiakse peagi peigmehe juurde.

A gathering like this one

See sündmus toob esile kontrasti:

offers such a juxtaposition

where all the new stuff is displayed

uute asjade, mida näidatakse,

and all the garbage is used

ja prügi vahel, mida kasutatakse alusena

as props to display all their new home accessories.

uute asjade näitamiseks.

Nagu Makokos ja Torre Davidis,

Like Makoko and the Torre David,

throughout the Zabbaleen you'll find all

nii on ka zabbaleeni kogukonnas

the same facilities as in any typical neighborhood.

olemas kõik eluks vajalik, nagu tavalises külas.

There are the retail shops, the cafes

On poed ja kohvikud,

and the restaurants, and the community

restoranid ja usklike jaoks –

is this community of Coptic Christians,

seal on kopti kristlasti –

so you'll also find a church,

nende jaoks ka kirik

along with the scores of religious iconographies

ja terve hulk usulise sisuga pilte.

throughout the area,

and also all the everyday services

Muidugi on olemas ka igapäevased teenused

like the electronic repair shops,

nagu elektroonika remont,

the barbers, everything.

habemeajajad, kõik.

Visiting the homes of the Zabbaleen

Zabbaleeni kodude külastamine

is also full of surprises.

pakub alati üllatusi.

While from the outside,

Kui väljastpoolt on need

these homes look like any other informal structure

nagu mitteametlikud elamud ikka,

in the city, when you step inside,

siis siseruumid pakuvad igasuguseid põnevaid

you are met with all manner of design decisions

disainilahendusi ja ruumide kaunistusi.

and interior decoration.

Despite having limited access to space and money,

Hoolimata piiratud ruumist ja eelarvest

the homes in the area are designed

on siinsed kodud kujundatud

with care and detail.

hoolega ja pisiasjadeni.

Every apartment is unique,

Iga kodu on eriline

and this individuality tells a story

ja see erilisus räägib

about each family's circumstances and values.

iga pere oludest ja väärtustest.

Many of these people take their homes

Paljud siinsed elanikud

and interior spaces very seriously,

võtavad oma kodust interjööri väga tõsiselt.

putting a lot of work and care

Nad näevad palju vaeva detailidega.

into the details.

The shared spaces are also treated in the same manner,

Ka ühistesse ruumidesse suhtutakse samamoodi,

where walls are decorated in faux marble patterns.

siingi kaunistatakse seinu marmorimustriga.

But despite this elaborate decor,

Hoolimata külluslikust dekoorist

sometimes these apartments are used

kasutatakse kodusid mõnikord

in very unexpected ways,

päris ettearvamatult.

like this home which caught my attention

See kodu köitis mu tähelepanu,

while all the mud and the grass was literally

kuna selle ukse alt

imbus välja mulda ja muru.

seeping out under the front door.

When I was let in, it appeared that this fifth-floor apartment

Kui mind sisse kutsuti, ilmnes,

et see 5. korruse korter

was being transformed into a complete animal farm,

oli muudetud tõeliseks loomalaudaks,

where six or seven cows stood grazing

kus elas ja mäletses 6-7 lehma,

in what otherwise would be the living room.

kus muidu olnuks elutuba.

But then in the apartment across the hall

Aga lehmade vastaskorteris elab

from this cow shed lives a newly married couple

äsja abiellunud paar

in what locals describe

ja kohalike sõnul

as one of the nicest apartments in the area.

on see seal üks ilusamaid kortereid.

The attention to this detail astonished me,

Mind hämmastas, kui palju on nähtud vaeva detailidega.

and as the owner of the home so proudly

Uhkele omanikule korteris järgnedes

led me around this apartment,

märkasin seda kõikjal:

from floor to ceiling, every part was decorated.

iga asi, põrandast laeni, oli kaunistatud.

But if it weren't for the strangely familiar

Kui poleks olnud seda veidralt tuttavat,

stomach-churning odor that constantly

iiveldamaajavat lõhna,

passes through the apartment,

mis kogu korteris heljus,

it would be easy to forget

olnuks lihtne unustada,

that you are standing next to a cow shed

et seisame lehmalauda kõrval

and on top of a landfill.

prügimäe otsas.

What moved me the most was that despite

Mind liigutas aga enim see,

these seemingly inhospitable conditions,

et hoolimata näiliselt ebasõbralikest tingimustest

I was welcomed with open arms

võeti mind avasüli vastu koju,

into a home that was made with love, care,

mis on loodud armastuse, hoole ja piiritu kirega.

and unreserved passion.

Let's move across the map to China,

Rändame nüüd Hiinasse,

to an area called Shanxi, Henan and Gansu.

Shanxi, Henani ja Gansu piirkonda.

In a region famous for the soft, porous Loess Plateau soil,

Pehme ja poorse Loessi platoo mulla poolest tuntud alal

there lived until recently an estimated

elas kuni viimase ajani

40 million people in these houses underground.

ligi 40 miljonit inimest nendes maa-alustes majades.

These dwellings are called the yaodongs.

Need elamud on yaodongid.

Through this architecture by subtraction,

See on eemaldamise teel loodud arhitektuur –

these yaodongs are built literally inside of the soil.

yaodongid ehitatakse otse pinnasesse.

In these villages, you see an entirely altered landscape,

Neis külades näed inimese loodud maastikku

and hidden behind these mounds of dirt

ja maapinnas on peidus

are these square, rectangular houses

sellised neljakandilised majad,

which sit seven meters below the ground.

mis asuvad 7 meetri sügavusel.

When I asked people why they were digging

Kui küsisin kohalikelt, miks nad oma

their houses from the ground,

kodud maa sisse kaevavad,

they simply replied that they are poor wheat

vastasid nad, et on vaesed

and apple farmers who didn't have the money

nisu- ja õunakasvatajad, kellel pole raha

to buy materials, and this digging out

et osta materjale ja maa sisse kaevamine

was their most logical form of living.

on nende jaoks kõige loogilisem eluviis.

From Makoko to Zabbaleen, these communities

Makokost zabbaleenideni on sellised kogukonnad

have approached the tasks of planning,

lähenenud oma elukeskkonna

design and management of their communities

planeerimisele, disainile ja elukorraldusele

and neighborhoods in ways that respond

täpselt nii, nagu seda dikteerib

specifically to their environment and circumstances.

olemasolev keskkond ja selle tingimused.

Created by these very people who live,

Kõik need kohad, mille on rajanud inimesed,

work and play in these particular spaces,

kes seal elavad, töötavad ja mängivad,

these neighborhoods are intuitively designed

on intuitiivselt kujundatud nii,

to make the most of their circumstances.

et kasutada maksimaalselt ära olemasolevaid võimalusi.

In most of these places, the government

Enamikku neist kohtadest ei ulatu ka võimude käsi,

is completely absent, leaving inhabitants

mistõttu ei jää elanikel muud üle,

with no choice but to reappropriate found materials,

kui hakkama saada käepäraste vahenditega.

and while these communities are highly disadvantaged,

Kuigi olud on väga ebasoodsad,

they do present examples

leidub neis kohtades tuhandeid näiteid

of brilliant forms of ingenuity,

säravast leidlikkusest

and prove that indeed we have the ability

ja tõendeid, et tõepoolest suudetakse kohaneda kõigega.

to adapt to all manner of circumstances.

What makes places like the Torre David

Torre Davidi ehitise teeb eriti väljapaistvaks see,

particularly remarkable

et tegu on karkassiga, raamistikuga

is this sort of skeleton framework

where people can have a foundation

mille külge inimesed oma elu rajada saavad.

where they can tap into.

Now imagine what these already ingenious communities

Kujutlege, mida need leidlikud kogukonnad võiksid veel luua,

could create themselves,

and how highly particular their solutions would be,

ja kui väljapaistvad oleksid nende lahendused siis,

if they were given the basic infrastructures

kui neil oleksid olemas olulisemad taristud,

that they could tap into.

mida nad kasutada saaksid.

Today, you see these large residential development projects

Täna näeme, kuidas arendatakse suuri elamualasid,

which offer cookie-cutter housing solutions

mis pakuvad täpselt ühesuguseid kodusid

to massive amounts of people.

hiigelsuurele arvule inimestele.

From China to Brazil, these projects attempt

Hiinast Brasiiliani püüavad sellised projektid

to provide as many houses as possible,

võimalikult palju kodusid luua,

but they're completely generic

kuid need kõik on ühesugused

and simply do not work as an answer

ja ei toimi vastusena

to the individual needs of the people.

inimeste erinevatele vajadustele.

I would like to end with a quote

Tahan lõpetada ühe tsitaadiga

from a friend of mine and a source of inspiration,

oma sõbralt ja inspiratsiooni allikalt,

Zita Cobb, the founder of the wonderful

Zita Cobb,

võrratu Shorefasti Fondi asutajat,

Shorefast Foundation,

based out of Fogo Island, Newfoundland.

mis asub Fogo saarel, Newfoundlandis.

She says that "there's this plague of sameness

Ta on öelnud: "Ühetaolisuse katk hukutab inimliku rõõmu,"

which is killing the human joy,"

and I couldn't agree with her more.

ja ma nõustun temaga täielikult.

Thank you.

Aitäh.

(Applause)

(aplaus)