Iwan Baan: Ingenious homes in unexpected places

185,438 views ใƒป 2013-10-16

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sieun Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Gemma Lee
00:12
Throughout my career, I've been fortunate enough
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€
00:15
to work with many of the great
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ
00:16
international architects,
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์šด์„ ๋ˆ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
documenting their work and observing
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋ฉฐ
00:20
how their designs have the capacity
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
00:22
to influence the cities in which they sit.
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๋„์‹œ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด ์™”์ง€์š”.
00:25
I think of new cities like Dubai
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๋‘๋ฐ”์ด๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์‹œ๋“ค๊ณผ
00:28
or ancient cities like Rome
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์žํ•˜ ํ•˜๋””๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋งฅ์‹œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
00:31
with Zaha Hadid's incredible MAXXI museum,
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๋กœ๋งˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋„ค์š”.
00:34
or like right here in New York with the High Line,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ, ๋‰ด์š•์€ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”.
00:37
a city which has been so much influenced
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ํ•˜์ด ๋ผ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋กœ
00:39
by the development of this.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
But what I find really fascinating
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
00:43
is what happens when architects and planners leave
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋– ๋‚œ ํ›„ ์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด
00:46
and these places become appropriated by people,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋์„ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
like here in Chandigarh, India,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์˜ ์ฐฌ๋””๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
00:52
the city which has been completely designed
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์ด ๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด๋Š”
00:54
by the architect Le Corbusier.
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์ธ ๋ฅด ๊ผฌ๋ฅด๋ท”์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
Now 60 years later, the city has been taken over
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60๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ๋„์‹œ๋Š”
00:59
by people in very different ways
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์ฒ˜์Œ์˜ ์˜๋„์™€๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
01:01
from whatever perhaps intended for,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
like here, where you have the people
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
01:06
sitting in the windows of the assembly hall.
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๊ฐ•๋‹น์˜ ์ฐฝ๊ฐ€์— ์•‰์•„์žˆ์ง€์š”.
01:09
But over the course of several years,
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์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„
01:11
I've been documenting Rem Koolhaas's
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๋ ˜ ์ฝœํ•˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ง€์€
01:14
CCTV building in Beijing
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๋ฒ ์ด์ง•์˜ CCTV ๋นŒ๋”ฉ๊ณผ
01:16
and the olympic stadium in the same city
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๋˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์—๋ฅด ์กฐ๊ทธ์™€ ๋“œ ๋ซผ๋กฑ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ธ
01:19
by the architects Herzog and de Meuron.
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์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
At these large-scale construction sites in China,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ณต์‚ฌ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š”
01:25
you see a sort of makeshift camp
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๊ฐ„์ด ์•ผ์˜์ง€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:27
where workers live during the entire building process.
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๊ณต์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ธ๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
As the length of the construction takes years,
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๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:34
workers end up forming a rather rough-and-ready
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์ธ๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋“ฏํ•œ
01:37
informal city, making for quite a juxtaposition
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ํ˜•์‹์—†๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ง“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
01:40
against the sophisticated structures that they're building.
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์„ธ๋ จ๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
Over the past seven years, I've been following
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์ง€๋‚œ 7๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ €๋Š”
01:46
my fascination with the built environment,
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'๋งŒ๋“  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ'์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜์–ด ์ซ“์•„๋‹ค๋…”๊ณ 
01:48
and for those of you who know me, you would say
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์ €๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„
01:51
that this obsession has led me to live
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ง‘์ฐฉ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:53
out of a suitcase 365 days a year.
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365์ผ ๋– ๋Œ์ด ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ• ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
Being constantly on the move
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๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰์œผ๋กœ
01:59
means that sometimes I am able
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์ €๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ธ์ƒ์˜
02:01
to catch life's most unpredictable moments,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋“ค์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
like here in New York
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ
02:06
the day after the Sandy storm hit the city.
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ํญํ’ ์ƒŒ๋””๊ฐ€ ๋ชฐ์•„์นœ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๋‚  ๊ฐ™์ด์š”.
02:10
Just over three years ago,
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3๋…„์ฏค ์ „์—, ์ €๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
02:13
I was for the first time in Caracas, Venezuela,
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๋ฒ ๋„ค์ˆ˜์—˜๋ผ์˜ ์นด๋ผ์นด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
and while flying over the city, I was just amazed
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๋„์‹œ ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋น„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:18
by the extent to which the slums
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ตด์ด
02:20
reach into every corner of the city,
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์ด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฌ์„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋†€๋ž„ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
a place where nearly 70 percent of the population
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 70 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€
02:25
lives in slums,
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๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
draped literally all over the mountains.
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์‚ฐ๋“ฑ์„ฑ์ด ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์„ ์ •๋„์ฃ .
02:30
During a conversation with local architects Urban-Think Tank,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์ž„์ธ ๋„์‹œ ๋‘๋‡Œ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:33
I learned about the Torre David,
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ํ† ๋ ˆ ๋‹ค๋น„๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
a 45-story office building which sits
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ 45์ธต์งœ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์šฉ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋กœ
02:38
right in the center of Caracas.
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์นด๋ผ์นด์Šค ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
The building was under construction
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๊ทธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ๊ฑด์ถ• ๋„์ค‘
02:42
until the collapse of the Venezuelan economy
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๋ฒ ๋„ค์ˆ˜์—˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ถ•๊ดด์™€
02:44
and the death of the developer in the early '90s.
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90๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
About eight years ago, people started moving
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์•ฝ 8๋…„์ „์ฏค๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
02:51
into the abandoned tower
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง„ ํƒ‘์— ์ด์‚ฌ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ.
02:53
and began to build their homes right in between
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์ง“๋‹ค ๋งŒ ๊ณ ์ธต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜
02:55
every column of this unfinished tower.
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๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ง‘์„ ์ง“๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
There's only one little entrance to the entire building,
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์ „์ฒด์—๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ถœ์ž…๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:01
and the 3,000 residents come in and out
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3,000๋ช…์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด
03:04
through that single door.
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์ด ๋ฌธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋“œ๋‚˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
Together, the inhabitants created public spaces
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๋‹คํ•จ๊ป˜
03:09
and designed them to feel more like a home
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์ด๊ณณ์ด ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋œ ๊ณ ์ธต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:11
and less like an unfinished tower.
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์ง‘์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๋„๋ก ๊ณต๋™ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
In the lobby, they painted the walls and planted trees.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋กœ๋น„์˜ ๋ฒฝ์„ ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ ์น ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๊ณ 
03:17
They also made a basketball court.
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๋†๊ตฌ์žฅ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:20
But when you look up closely,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
03:22
you see massive holes where elevators
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ
03:24
and services would have run through.
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์—˜๋ ˆ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋…”๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:27
Within the tower, people have come up
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
03:29
with all sorts of solutions
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๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š”
03:31
in response to the various needs
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:33
which arise from living in an unfinished tower.
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์˜จ๊ฐ– ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
With no elevators,
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์—˜๋ ˆ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์ด
03:38
the tower is like a 45-story walkup.
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45์ธต์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ธ๋ฐ๋„
03:41
Designed in very specific ways
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๊ฑด์ถ•์ด๋‚˜ ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
03:43
by this group of people
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
03:45
who haven't had any education in architecture or design.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
And with each inhabitant finding their own
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด
03:51
unique way of coming by,
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์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ์— ์ •์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
03:53
this tower becomes like a living city,
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:56
a place which is alive with micro-economies
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๋ฏธ์‹œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€
03:59
and small businesses.
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์ž‘์€ ์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด๋กœ ํ™œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
The inventive inhabitants, for instance,
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์ด๊ณณ์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€
04:03
find opportunities in the most unexpected cases,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
like the adjacent parking garage,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์˜†์˜ ์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ์„
04:08
which has been reclaimed as a taxi route
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ํƒ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ธธ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
04:10
to shuttle the inhabitants up through the ramps
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์ง„ ๊ธธ๋กœ ์‹ค์–ด๋‚˜๋ฅด๋ฉฐ
04:13
in order to shorten the hike
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์ง‘๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑธ์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
04:14
up to the apartments.
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์ค„์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
A walk through the tower
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‹๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
04:20
reveals how residents have figured out
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
04:22
how to create walls, how to make an air flow,
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๋ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:26
how to create transparency,
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ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:28
circulation throughout the tower,
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์•ˆ์„ ํ™˜๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
essentially creating a home
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
04:32
that's completely adapted
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์ด ์ค‘๋‹จ๋œ ๊ณต์‚ฌ ํ˜„์žฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—
04:34
to the conditions of the site.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์‘๋œ ์ง‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
When a new inhabitant moves into the tower,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ด ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ์ด์‚ฌ์˜ค๋ฉด
04:39
they already have a roof over their head,
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์œ„์— ์ง€๋ถ•์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:41
so they just typically mark their space
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์ผ๋‹จ ์ปคํŠผ ๋ช‡์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ
04:43
with a few curtains or sheets.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
Slowly, from found materials, walls rise,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„œ์„œํžˆ, ์ฃผ์–ด์˜จ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค๋กœ ๋ฒฝ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
and people create a space out of any found objects
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ
04:52
or materials.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
It's remarkable to see the design decisions
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
04:56
that they're making,
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๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
like when everything is made out of red bricks,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ‰์€ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
05:01
some residents will cover that red brick
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์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ‰์€ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์„
05:03
with another layer of red brick-patterned wallpaper
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๋ถ‰์€ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ ๋ฌด๋Šฌ ๋ฒฝ์ง€๋กœ ๋„๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
just to make it a kind of clean finish.
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๊น”๋”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:12
The inhabitants literally built up these homes
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์ด๊ณณ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ง‘๋“ค์„
05:14
with their own hands, and this labor of love
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๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ •์„ฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์€
05:16
instills a great sense of pride
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ
05:18
in many families living in this tower.
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์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
They typically make the best out of their conditions,
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์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด
05:24
and try to make their spaces look nice and homey,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์•„๋Š‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
05:27
or at least up until as far as they can reach.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
Throughout the tower, you come across
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์ „์ฒด์—์„œ ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—…์„
05:34
all kinds of services, like the barber,
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์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋‚˜,
05:36
small factories, and every floor has
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์ž‘์€ ๊ณต์žฅ๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์ธต๋งˆ๋‹ค
05:40
a little grocery store or shop.
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์ž‘์€ ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
05:43
And you even find a church.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ตํšŒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
And on the 30th floor, there is a gym
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30์ธต์—๋Š” ์‹ค๋‚ด ์šด๋™์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:48
where all the weights and barbells
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์ด๊ณณ์˜ ์—ญ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฐ”๋ฒจ๋“ค์€
05:50
are made out of the leftover pulleys
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์„ค์น˜๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ์—˜๋ ˆ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ์˜
05:52
from the elevators which were never installed.
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๋„๋ฅด๋ž˜ ๋ถ€์†๋“ค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
From the outside, behind this always-changing facade,
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๊ฒ‰์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๋’ค์—๋Š”
05:58
you see how the fixed concrete beams
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๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ๋“ค์ด
05:59
provide a framework for the inhabitants
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๋ผˆ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
06:01
to create their homes
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
06:03
in an organic, intuitive way
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
06:04
that responds directly to their needs.
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์ง‘์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
Let's go now to Africa, to Nigeria,
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์ด์ œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
06:10
to a community called Makoko,
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๋งˆ์ฝ”์ฝ”๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
a slum where 150,000 people
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์•ฝ 150,000 ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€๋กœ
06:15
live just meters above the Lagos Lagoon.
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๋ผ๊ณ ์Šค ์„ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ช‡๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์œ„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
While it may appear to be a completely chaotic place,
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๊ฒ‰์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„
06:22
when you see it from above, there seems to be
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์œ„์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด
06:24
a whole grid of waterways and canals
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๋ฌผ๊ธธ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ง์ด
06:27
connecting each and every home.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ง‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
From the main dock, people board long wooden canoes
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋œ ๋ถ€๋‘์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธด ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์นด๋ˆ„๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ 
06:34
which carry them out to their various homes and shops
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์ด ๋„“๊ฒŒ ํŽผ์ณ์ง„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ
06:37
located in the expansive area.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง‘๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
When out on the water, it's clear
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๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉด,
06:41
that life has been completely adapted
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์ด๊ณณ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ์ด๊ณณ์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—
06:43
to this very specific way of living.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์‘๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
Even the canoes become variety stores
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์นด๋ˆ„๋“ค๋งˆ์ € ์žกํ™”์ƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:49
where ladies paddle from house to house,
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์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์นด๋ˆ„๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์ง‘์ง‘๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
06:50
selling anything from toothpaste to fresh fruits.
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์น˜์•ฝ์—์„œ ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜จ๊ฐ– ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
Behind every window and door frame,
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์ด๊ณณ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ ๋’ค์—๋Š”
06:57
you'll see a small child peering back at you,
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์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
and while Makoko seems to be packed with people,
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๋งˆ์ฝ”์ฝ”๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฝ‰ ์ฐฌ ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
07:02
what's more shocking is actually
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋” ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๊ฑด
07:04
the amount of children pouring out of every building.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์Ÿ์•„์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ˆซ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
The population growth in Nigeria,
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์™€
07:10
and especially in these areas like Makoko,
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋งˆ์ฝ”์ฝ” ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์€
07:12
are painful reminders
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ œ์–ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ธ์ง€
07:14
of how out of control things really are.
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๊ฐ€์Šด์ด ์•„ํ”„๋„๋ก ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
In Makoko, very few systems
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๋งˆ์ฝ”์ฝ”์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„ ์ฒด์ œ๋‚˜
07:21
and infrastructures exist.
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์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์€ ๊ทนํžˆ ์†Œ์ˆ˜ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
Electricity is rigged and freshest water
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์ „๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด๊ณ 
07:26
comes from self-built wells throughout the area.
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์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ง์ ‘ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ์ง€์€ ์šฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
This entire economic model
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์ด๊ณณ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ „๋ถ€
07:31
is designed to meet a specific way of living
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์ˆ˜์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋””์ž์ธ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:34
on the water, so fishing and boat-making
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ์ด
07:37
are common professions.
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ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์ง์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
You'll have a set of entrepreneurs
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
07:41
who have set up businesses throughout the area,
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ์žฅ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:44
like barbershops, CD and DVD stores,
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์ด๋ฐœ์†Œ๋‚˜, CD์™€ DVD ํŒ๋งค์ ,
07:49
movie theaters, tailors, everything is there.
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์˜ํ™”๊ด€, ์žฌ๋‹จ์‚ฌ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
There is even a photo studio
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ด€๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:56
where you see the sort of aspiration
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์ง„์งœ ์ง‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™๊ฒฝ์ด๋‚˜
07:58
to live in a real house or to be associated
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์ €๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋Š” ์Šค์›จ๋ด์˜ ํ˜ธํ…”๊ฐ™์€
08:01
with a faraway place, like that hotel in Sweden.
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๋จผ ํƒ€๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ผ์›์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
08:05
On this particular evening,
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์–ด๋Š๋‚  ์ €๋… ์ €๋Š”
08:07
I came across this live band
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์„œ๋กœ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์ž…์€
08:09
dressed to the T in their coordinating outfits.
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์ด ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ๋ฐด๋“œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
They were floating through the canals
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์นด๋ˆ„์— ๊ณ ์นœ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ฃ๊ณ 
08:14
in a large canoe with a fitted-out generator
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์ด ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
08:17
for all of the community to enjoy.
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์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋–  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
By nightfall, the area becomes almost pitch black,
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๋ฐค์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ณณ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•”ํ‘ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
save for a small lightbulb
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์ž‘์€ ์ „๊ตฌ ๋ถˆ๋น›์ด๋‚˜
08:26
or a fire.
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๋ชจ๋‹ฅ๋ถˆ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
08:29
What originally brought me to Makoko
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ฝ”์ฝ”์— ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ„ ๋ณธ๋ž˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
08:32
was this project from a friend of mine,
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์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ธ ์ฟค๋ ˆ ์•„๋ฐ์˜ˆ๋ฏธ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:33
Kunlรฉ Adeyemi, who recently finished building
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ
08:36
this three-story floating school
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๋งˆ์ฝ”์ฝ”์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:38
for the kids in Makoko.
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3์ธต์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ƒ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
With this entire village existing on the water,
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๋งˆ์„ ์ „๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:43
public space is very limited,
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๊ณต๊ณต ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:46
so now that the school is finished,
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์ด ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ํ•™๊ต์˜
08:47
the ground floor is a playground for the kids,
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1์ธต์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋†€์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
08:51
but when classes are out, the platform
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ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ™์€ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์ด
08:53
is just like a town square,
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๋งˆ์„์˜ ๊ด‘์žฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋˜์–ด์„œ
08:54
where the fishermen mend their nets
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์–ด๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณ ์น˜๊ณ 
08:57
and floating shopkeepers dock their boats.
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์ˆ˜์ƒ ์ƒ์  ์ฃผ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฐ•์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
Another place I'd like to share with you
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๋˜ ํ•œ๊ตฐ๋ฐ ์†Œ๊ฐœ์‹œ์ผœ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ณณ์€
09:03
is the Zabbaleen in Cairo.
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์นด์ด๋กœ์˜ ์ž๋ฐœ๋ฆฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
They're descendants of farmers who began migrating
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ถ๋ถ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์—์„œ
09:08
from the upper Egypt in the '40s,
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1940๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์˜ ํ›„์†์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
and today they make their living
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ด๋“ค์€
09:12
by collecting and recycling waste from homes
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์นด์ด๋กœ ์ „์—ญ์˜ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”
09:15
from all over Cairo.
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์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์•„ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
For years, the Zabbaleen would live in makeshift villages
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์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ž๋ฐœ๋ฆฐ์€ ์ž„์‹œ ๋งˆ์„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
09:21
where they would move around
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ €๊ธฐ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
09:22
trying to avoid the local authorities,
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์ง€์—ญ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋‹จ์†์„ ํ”ผํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
but in the early 1980s, they settled
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1980๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
09:27
on the Mokattam rocks
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋™์ชฝ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ
09:29
just at the eastern edge of the city.
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๋ชจ์นดํƒ ์•”๋ฒฝ ์ง€๋Œ€์— ์ •์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
Today, they live in this area,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ด๊ณณ์—๋Š”
09:34
approximately 50,000 to 70,000 people,
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์•ฝ 50,000๋ช…์—์„œ 70,000 ๋ช…์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
09:36
who live in this community of self-built
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์†์ˆ˜ ์ง€์€ ๋ณต์ธต ์ง‘์—์„œ
09:38
multi-story houses
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3์„ธ๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š”
09:41
where up to three generations live in one structure.
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ค„ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
While these apartments that they built for themselves
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์ด๋“ค์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์ง€์€ ์ด ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋“ค์€
09:47
appear to lack any planning or formal grid,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‚˜ ์ •์‹ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ง๋„ ์—†์–ด๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
09:50
each family specializing in a certain form of recycling
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์ „๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:54
means that the ground floor of each apartment
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๊ทธ๋ง์€ ์ฆ‰ ์ด ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋“ค์˜ 1์ธต์€
09:56
is reserved for garbage-related activities
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์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ 
10:00
and the upper floor is dedicated to living space.
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์œ„์ธต์ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
I find it incredible to see
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:06
how these piles and piles of garbage
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์ด๊ณณ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
10:07
are invisible to the people who live there,
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์ด ์‚ฐ๋”๋ฏธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
like this very distinguished man who is posing
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์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํฌ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ๊ณ ์ƒํ•œ ์‹ ์‚ฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:13
while all this garbage is sort of streaming out behind him,
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๋’ค์—์„œ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์Ÿ์•„์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:18
or like these two young men who are sitting
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜ํ†ค์˜ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„์— ์•‰์•„์„œ
10:20
and chatting amongst these tons of garbage.
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์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
10:25
While to most of us, living amongst
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
10:27
these piles and piles of garbage
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋”๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ
10:29
may seem totally uninhabitable,
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์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
10:31
to those in the Zabbaleen, this is just
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์ž๋ฐœ๋ฆฐ์˜ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
10:33
a different type of normal.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ '์ •์ƒ' ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
In all these places I've talked about today,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์—์„œ
10:38
what I do find fascinating is that there's really
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๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€
10:41
no such thing as normal,
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'ํ‰๋ฒ”' ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
and it proves that people are able to adapt
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์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„
10:44
to any kind of situation.
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์ ์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
Throughout the day, it's quite common
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์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์นจ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ €๋…๊นŒ์ง€
10:48
to come across a small party taking place
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ์ž‘์€ ์ž”์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
in the streets, just like this engagement party.
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์ด ์•ฝํ˜ผ ์ž”์น˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
10:55
In this tradition, the bride-to-be
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์ด ์ „ํ†ต์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝํ˜ผ๋…€๊ฐ€
10:57
displays all of their belongings,
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์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์ „์‹œํ•˜๊ณ 
11:00
which they soon bring to their new husband.
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ํ›„ ๋‚จํŽธ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
A gathering like this one
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์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์ž„์€
11:04
offers such a juxtaposition
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๊ณผ
11:06
where all the new stuff is displayed
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜
11:09
and all the garbage is used
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๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
as props to display all their new home accessories.
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์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ ์ง‘์•ˆ ์žฅ์‹๋“ค์„ ๋‹๋ณด์ด๋„๋ก ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
11:18
Like Makoko and the Torre David,
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๋งˆ์ฝ”์ฝ”์™€ ํ† ๋ ˆ ๋‹ค๋น„๋“œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
11:20
throughout the Zabbaleen you'll find all
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ž๋ฐœ๋ฆฐ์—์„œ๋„
11:21
the same facilities as in any typical neighborhood.
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ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๋งˆ์„์— ์žˆ์„๋ฒ•ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
There are the retail shops, the cafes
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์†Œ๋งค์ ๋“ค, ์นดํŽ˜๋“ค,
11:26
and the restaurants, and the community
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘๋“ค์ด์š”.
11:29
is this community of Coptic Christians,
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์ด ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋Š” ์ฝฅํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
so you'll also find a church,
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๊ตํšŒ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:34
along with the scores of religious iconographies
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ
11:37
throughout the area,
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ข…๊ต ์žฅ์‹์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
and also all the everyday services
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์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:42
like the electronic repair shops,
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์ „์ž์ œํ’ˆ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋‚˜
11:44
the barbers, everything.
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์ด๋ฐœ์†Œ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
Visiting the homes of the Zabbaleen
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์ž๋ฐœ๋ฆฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์ง‘์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„
11:49
is also full of surprises.
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์—ญ์‹œ ๋†€๋ผ์›€์— ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
While from the outside,
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๊ฒ‰์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด
11:53
these homes look like any other informal structure
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์ด ์ง‘๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
11:55
in the city, when you step inside,
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์—ฌ๋Š ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•ˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด,
11:57
you are met with all manner of design decisions
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์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ
12:01
and interior decoration.
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์‹ค๋‚ด ์žฅ์‹์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
Despite having limited access to space and money,
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ํ•œ์ •๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋„
12:07
the homes in the area are designed
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ง‘๋“ค์€
12:09
with care and detail.
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์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
Every apartment is unique,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋…ํŠนํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ ,
12:13
and this individuality tells a story
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์ด ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜
12:14
about each family's circumstances and values.
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์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
Many of these people take their homes
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์ด๊ณณ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
12:20
and interior spaces very seriously,
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง‘๊ณผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ 
12:23
putting a lot of work and care
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์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๊นŒ์ง€
12:24
into the details.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
The shared spaces are also treated in the same manner,
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ค„์ ธ์„œ
12:29
where walls are decorated in faux marble patterns.
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๋ฒฝ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์กฐ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์„ ๋ฌธ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ์‹๋˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
But despite this elaborate decor,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •์„ฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์น˜์žฅ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
12:36
sometimes these apartments are used
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์ด ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข…
12:38
in very unexpected ways,
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์ „ํ˜€ ์˜ˆ๊ธฐ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
like this home which caught my attention
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ œ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก์•˜๋˜ ํ•œ ์ง‘์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
12:43
while all the mud and the grass was literally
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์ง„ํ™๊ณผ ํ’€๋“ค์ด ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ
12:46
seeping out under the front door.
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ํ˜„๊ด€๋ฌธ ํ‹ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
When I was let in, it appeared that this fifth-floor apartment
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ, 5์ธต์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์ด ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋Š”
12:52
was being transformed into a complete animal farm,
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ถ• ๋†์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํƒˆ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
where six or seven cows stood grazing
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์—ฌ์„ฏ ์ผ๊ณฑ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†Œ๋“ค์ด
12:58
in what otherwise would be the living room.
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์›๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ํ’€์„ ๋œฏ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
But then in the apartment across the hall
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ง‘์˜ ๋ณต๋„ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ
13:07
from this cow shed lives a newly married couple
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์ด ์™ธ์–‘๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑด๋„ˆํŽธ์—๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ผ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€
13:09
in what locals describe
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์ด ๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
13:11
as one of the nicest apartments in the area.
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
The attention to this detail astonished me,
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์ด ์ง‘์˜ ๊ตฌ์„๊ตฌ์„ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ์นœ ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์ •์„ฑ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
and as the owner of the home so proudly
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์ฃผ์ธ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ
13:25
led me around this apartment,
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์ง‘์•ˆ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
13:27
from floor to ceiling, every part was decorated.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฒœ์žฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žฅ์‹๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
But if it weren't for the strangely familiar
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ
13:34
stomach-churning odor that constantly
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์†์ด ์šธ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€
13:37
passes through the apartment,
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์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์— ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋ถˆ์–ด์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
13:41
it would be easy to forget
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ ์™ธ์–‘๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜†์—
13:43
that you are standing next to a cow shed
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋งค๋ฆฝ์žฅ ์œ„์—
13:46
and on top of a landfill.
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์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
What moved me the most was that despite
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ๋™ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
13:54
these seemingly inhospitable conditions,
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์—์„œ๋„
13:56
I was welcomed with open arms
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์ฃผ์ธ์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋‘ ํŒ” ๋ฒŒ๋ ค ํ™˜์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
13:58
into a home that was made with love, care,
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ์ •์„ฑ, ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚Œ์—†๋Š” ์—ด์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ 
14:02
and unreserved passion.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง‘์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
Let's move across the map to China,
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์ด์ œ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์ฃ .
14:08
to an area called Shanxi, Henan and Gansu.
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์‚ฐ์‹œ์„ฑ, ํ—ˆ๋‚œ์„ฑ, ๊ฐ„์‘ค์„ฑ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
In a region famous for the soft, porous Loess Plateau soil,
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๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ํ™ฉํ† ๊ณ ์› ํ™์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š”
14:15
there lived until recently an estimated
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์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์•ฝ 4์ฒœ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
14:18
40 million people in these houses underground.
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์ง€ํ•˜์— ์ง€์–ด์ง„ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
These dwellings are called the yaodongs.
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์ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋“ค์€ ์•ผ์˜ค๋™์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
Through this architecture by subtraction,
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๊ฐ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ค„์ง„ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์ธ
14:26
these yaodongs are built literally inside of the soil.
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์ด ์•ผ์˜ค๋™๋“ค์€ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ™ ์†์— ์ง€์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
In these villages, you see an entirely altered landscape,
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์ด๊ณณ์˜ ๋งˆ์„๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
and hidden behind these mounds of dirt
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์ด ํ™๋”๋ฏธ ๋’ค์—๋Š”
14:37
are these square, rectangular houses
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜•, ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜•์˜ ์ง‘๋“ค์ด ์ˆจ์–ด์žˆ์ง€์š”.
14:39
which sit seven meters below the ground.
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์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ 7๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์ง€ํ•˜์—์š”.
14:42
When I asked people why they were digging
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์™œ ๋•…์„ ํŒŒ์„œ
14:44
their houses from the ground,
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์ง‘์„ ์ง“๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
14:45
they simply replied that they are poor wheat
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ
14:48
and apple farmers who didn't have the money
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๋ฐ€ ํ˜น์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ ๋†๋ถ€๋ผ์„œ
14:50
to buy materials, and this digging out
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๊ฑด์ถ• ์ž์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ๋ˆ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
14:53
was their most logical form of living.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋•…์„ ํŒŒ์„œ ์ง‘์„ ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ด์น˜์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ƒํ™œ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
From Makoko to Zabbaleen, these communities
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๋งˆ์ฝ”์ฝ”์—์„œ ์ž๋ฐœ๋ฆฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์ผ์›๋“ค์€
15:00
have approached the tasks of planning,
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์™€ ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋“ค์„
15:02
design and management of their communities
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๊ธฐํšํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
15:05
and neighborhoods in ways that respond
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—
15:07
specifically to their environment and circumstances.
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๋”ฑ ๋งž๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
Created by these very people who live,
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์ด ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ 
15:13
work and play in these particular spaces,
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์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋œ
15:17
these neighborhoods are intuitively designed
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์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋“ค์€ ์ง๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
15:20
to make the most of their circumstances.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
In most of these places, the government
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ๋“ค์—๋Š”
15:25
is completely absent, leaving inhabitants
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋„์›€์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
15:28
with no choice but to reappropriate found materials,
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง„ ํ˜น์€ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์ž์žฌ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ชฉ์ ํ™” ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
and while these communities are highly disadvantaged,
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์ด ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ์šฐํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋„
15:34
they do present examples
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์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐœํ•จ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋“ค์„
15:36
of brilliant forms of ingenuity,
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๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ
15:39
and prove that indeed we have the ability
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—๋“ ์ง€
15:41
to adapt to all manner of circumstances.
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์ ์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
What makes places like the Torre David
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ํ† ๋ ˆ ๋‹ค๋น„๋“œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋“ค์ด
15:47
particularly remarkable
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
15:49
is this sort of skeleton framework
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์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๊ฐ™์ด ํ—๋ฒ—์€ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ๋„
15:51
where people can have a foundation
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ
15:52
where they can tap into.
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ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
Now imagine what these already ingenious communities
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ด ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋“ค์ด
15:57
could create themselves,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
16:00
and how highly particular their solutions would be,
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์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:02
if they were given the basic infrastructures
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋” ๊ธฐ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ์ง€
16:05
that they could tap into.
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์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
16:07
Today, you see these large residential development projects
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ฃผํƒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์ด
16:10
which offer cookie-cutter housing solutions
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ํ‹€๋กœ ์ฐ์–ด๋‚ธ ๋“ฏ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋“ค์„
16:13
to massive amounts of people.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
From China to Brazil, these projects attempt
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์ค‘๊ตญ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ๊นŒ์ง€, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด์ถ• ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์€
16:17
to provide as many houses as possible,
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์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ง‘์„ ์ง€์œผ๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
16:20
but they're completely generic
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์ด ์ง‘๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ๋˜‘๊ฐ™๊ณ 
16:23
and simply do not work as an answer
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ธ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ
16:24
to the individual needs of the people.
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์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:28
I would like to end with a quote
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ธฐ ์ „
16:30
from a friend of mine and a source of inspiration,
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์ €์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ด์ž ์˜๊ฐ์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ธ
16:33
Zita Cobb, the founder of the wonderful
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์ง€ํƒ€ ์ฝฅ์ด ํ•œ ๋ง์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
Shorefast Foundation,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‰ดํŽ€๋“ค๋žœ๋“œ ํฌ๊ณ  ์„ฌ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ
16:38
based out of Fogo Island, Newfoundland.
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์‡ผํŒจ์ŠคํŠธ ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:41
She says that "there's this plague of sameness
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด
16:44
which is killing the human joy,"
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค."
16:46
and I couldn't agree with her more.
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์ €๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€์™€ ๋ฌด์ฒ™์ด๋‚˜ ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:49
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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