Moshe Safdie: How to reinvent the apartment building

203,840 views ・ 2014-09-26

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:12
When, in 1960, still a student,
0
12964
2770
00:15
I got a traveling fellowship
1
15734
2425
00:18
to study housing in North America.
2
18159
3061
00:21
We traveled the country.
3
21220
2284
00:23
We saw public housing high-rise buildings
4
23504
3105
00:26
in all major cities:
5
26609
2341
00:28
New York, Philadelphia.
6
28950
2080
00:31
Those who have no choice lived there.
7
31030
2969
00:33
And then we traveled from suburb to suburb,
8
33999
2295
00:36
and I came back thinking,
9
36294
2048
00:38
we've got to reinvent the apartment building.
10
38342
2654
00:40
There has to be another way of doing this.
11
40996
2679
00:43
We can't sustain suburbs,
12
43675
2035
00:45
so let's design a building
13
45710
2565
00:48
which gives the qualities of a house
14
48275
3243
00:51
to each unit.
15
51518
1171
00:52
Habitat would be all about gardens,
16
52689
4161
00:56
contact with nature,
17
56850
1905
00:58
streets instead of corridors.
18
58755
2184
01:00
We prefabricated it so we would achieve economy,
19
60939
3798
01:04
and there it is almost 50 years later.
20
64737
5243
01:09
It's a very desirable place to live in.
21
69980
3371
01:13
It's now a heritage building,
22
73351
2459
01:15
but it did not proliferate.
23
75810
3603
01:19
In 1973, I made my first trip to China.
24
79413
4704
01:24
It was the Cultural Revolution.
25
84117
4266
01:28
We traveled the country,
26
88383
2148
01:30
met with architects and planners.
27
90531
3229
01:33
This is Beijing then,
28
93760
2216
01:35
not a single high rise building
29
95976
2872
01:38
in Beijing or Shanghai.
30
98848
2284
01:41
Shenzhen didn't even exist as a city.
31
101132
3858
01:44
There were hardly any cars.
32
104990
3279
01:48
Thirty years later,
33
108269
2651
01:50
this is Beijing today.
34
110920
2995
01:53
This is Hong Kong.
35
113915
1713
01:55
If you're wealthy, you live there,
36
115628
2500
01:58
if you're poor, you live there,
37
118128
2420
02:00
but high density it is, and it's not just Asia.
38
120548
2666
02:03
São Paulo, you can travel
39
123214
1957
02:05
in a helicopter 45 minutes
40
125171
2524
02:07
seeing those high-rise buildings consume
41
127695
2010
02:09
the 19th-century low-rise environment.
42
129705
2636
02:12
And with it, comes congestion,
43
132341
2311
02:14
and we lose mobility, and so on and so forth.
44
134652
4022
02:18
So a few years ago, we decided to go back
45
138674
2550
02:21
and rethink Habitat.
46
141224
1914
02:23
Could we make it more affordable?
47
143138
2689
02:25
Could we actually achieve this quality of life
48
145827
3063
02:28
in the densities that are prevailing today?
49
148890
4407
02:33
And we realized, it's basically about light,
50
153297
2863
02:36
it's about sun, it's about nature,
51
156160
3062
02:39
it's about fractalization.
52
159222
2180
02:41
Can we open up the surface of the building
53
161402
3229
02:44
so that it has more contact with the exterior?
54
164631
2868
02:47
We came up with a number of models:
55
167499
2239
02:49
economy models, cheaper to build and more compact;
56
169738
3836
02:53
membranes of housing
57
173574
2047
02:55
where people could design their own house
58
175621
2359
02:57
and create their own gardens.
59
177980
2107
03:00
And then we decided to take New York as a test case,
60
180087
3881
03:03
and we looked at Lower Manhattan.
61
183968
2047
03:06
And we mapped all the building area in Manhattan.
62
186015
3825
03:09
On the left is Manhattan today:
63
189840
3375
03:13
blue for housing, red for office buildings, retail.
64
193215
4387
03:17
On the right, we reconfigured it:
65
197602
2599
03:20
the office buildings form the base,
66
200201
2317
03:22
and then rising 75 stories above,
67
202518
3263
03:25
are apartments.
68
205781
1379
03:27
There's a street in the air on the 25th level,
69
207160
2976
03:30
a community street.
70
210136
2014
03:32
It's permeable.
71
212150
1609
03:33
There are gardens and open spaces
72
213759
1953
03:35
for the community,
73
215712
1444
03:37
almost every unit with its own private garden,
74
217156
3209
03:40
and community space all around.
75
220365
2662
03:43
And most important, permeable, open.
76
223027
3160
03:46
It does not form a wall or an obstruction in the city,
77
226187
3397
03:49
and light permeates everywhere.
78
229584
2835
03:52
And in the last two or three years,
79
232419
1657
03:54
we've actually been, for the first time,
80
234076
2572
03:56
realizing the quality of life of Habitat
81
236648
3713
04:00
in real-life projects across Asia.
82
240361
3707
04:04
This in Qinhuangdao in China:
83
244068
3234
04:07
middle-income housing, where there is a bylaw
84
247302
2578
04:09
that every apartment must receive
85
249880
2707
04:12
three hours of sunlight.
86
252587
2756
04:15
That's measured in the winter solstice.
87
255343
2890
04:18
And under construction in Singapore,
88
258233
3427
04:21
again middle-income housing, gardens,
89
261660
3222
04:24
community streets and parks and so on and so forth.
90
264882
3866
04:28
And Colombo.
91
268748
2450
04:31
And I want to touch on one more issue,
92
271198
2216
04:33
which is the design of the public realm.
93
273414
3685
04:37
A hundred years after we've begun building
94
277099
3594
04:40
with tall buildings,
95
280693
1732
04:42
we are yet to understand
96
282425
2340
04:44
how the tall high-rise building
97
284765
2925
04:47
becomes a building block in making a city,
98
287690
2835
04:50
in creating the public realm.
99
290525
2823
04:53
In Singapore, we had an opportunity:
100
293348
2419
04:55
10 million square feet, extremely high density.
101
295767
3223
04:58
Taking the concept of outdoor and indoor,
102
298990
4122
05:03
promenades and parks integrated
103
303112
2251
05:05
with intense urban life.
104
305363
2182
05:07
So they are outdoor spaces and indoor spaces,
105
307545
3588
05:11
and you move from one to the other,
106
311133
1977
05:13
and there is contact with nature,
107
313110
2107
05:15
and most relevantly, at every level of the structure,
108
315217
3971
05:19
public gardens and open space:
109
319188
2689
05:21
on the roof of the podium,
110
321877
1766
05:23
climbing up the towers,
111
323643
1799
05:25
and finally on the roof, the sky park,
112
325442
3938
05:29
two and a half acres, jogging paths, restaurants,
113
329380
3374
05:32
and the world's longest swimming pool.
114
332754
5355
05:38
And that's all I can tell you in five minutes.
115
338109
2756
05:40
Thank you.
116
340865
1868
05:42
(Applause)
117
342733
2697
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7