Let's put birth control back on the agenda | Melinda Gates

248,801 views ・ 2012-04-11

TED


Bitte doppelklicken Sie auf die englischen Untertitel unten, um das Video abzuspielen.

00:04
Today, I'd like to talk with you
0
4680
1695
Heute möchte ich mit Ihnen
00:06
about something that should be a totally uncontroversial topic.
1
6400
5296
über ein Thema sprechen, das eigentlich ganz und gar nicht strittig sein sollte
00:11
But, unfortunately, it's become incredibly controversial.
2
11720
4920
Aber unglücklicherweise, ist es sehr umstritten geworden
00:17
This year, if you think about it,
3
17720
1572
Denken Sie einmal daran: Dieses Jahre werden
00:19
over a billion couples will have sex with one another.
4
19960
3480
über eine Milliarde Paare Sex miteinander haben
00:24
Couples like this one,
5
24160
1200
Paare wie dieses,
00:26
and this one,
6
26720
1200
oder dieses
00:28
and this one,
7
28480
1456
und dieses
00:29
and, yes,
8
29960
1200
und, ja,
00:31
even this one.
9
31600
1216
sogar dieses.
00:32
(Laughter)
10
32840
1896
(Lachen)
00:34
And my idea is this --
11
34760
1560
Und meine Idee ist die folgende:
00:37
all these men and women should be free to decide
12
37160
4536
Alle diese Männer und Frauen sollten frei sein, zu entscheiden
00:41
whether they do or do not want to conceive a child.
13
41720
3680
ob sie ein Kind empfangen möchten oder nicht
00:46
And they should be able to use one of these birth control methods
14
46200
3456
Und sie sollten eine dieser Verhütungsmethoden anwenden dürfen
00:49
to act on their decision.
15
49680
2280
und ihre Entscheidung in die Tat umsetzen.
00:53
Now, I think you'd have a hard time
16
53560
2856
Nun, ich denke Sie werden kaum jemanden finden,
00:56
finding many people who disagree with this idea.
17
56440
3360
der mir hier nicht zustimmen würde
01:00
Over one billion people use birth control without any hesitation at all.
18
60760
6000
01:07
They want the power to plan their own lives
19
67920
3560
01:12
and to raise healthier, better educated and more prosperous families.
20
72080
5080
01:18
But, for an idea that is so broadly accepted in private,
21
78720
5360
01:24
birth control certainly generates a lot of opposition in public.
22
84880
4360
01:30
Some people think when we talk about contraception
23
90040
3416
01:33
that it's code for abortion,
24
93480
1520
01:35
which it's not.
25
95560
1200
01:37
Some people -- let's be honest --
26
97240
2376
01:39
they're uncomfortable with the topic because it's about sex.
27
99640
3280
01:43
Some people worry
28
103840
1736
01:45
that the real goal of family planning is to control populations.
29
105600
4360
01:51
These are all side issues
30
111240
3816
01:55
that have attached themselves to this core idea that men and women
31
115080
5776
02:00
should be able to decide when they want to have a child.
32
120880
3720
02:05
And as a result, birth control has almost completely and totally disappeared
33
125760
6576
02:12
from the global health agenda.
34
132360
1600
02:14
The victims of this paralysis are the people of sub-Saharan Africa
35
134800
6216
02:21
and South Asia.
36
141040
1200
02:23
Here in Germany, the proportion of people that use contraception
37
143560
4376
02:27
is about 66 percent.
38
147960
1736
02:29
That's about what you'd expect.
39
149720
2120
02:32
In El Salvador, very similar, 66 percent.
40
152480
3400
02:36
Thailand, 64 percent.
41
156440
2520
02:39
But let's compare that to other places,
42
159960
2336
02:42
like Uttar Pradesh, one of the largest states in India.
43
162320
3696
02:46
In fact, if Uttar Pradesh was its own country,
44
166040
3776
02:49
it would be the fifth largest country in the world.
45
169840
3480
02:54
Their contraception rate -- 29 percent.
46
174360
3520
02:58
Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, 10 percent.
47
178720
5640
03:05
Chad, 2 percent.
48
185200
2360
03:10
Let's just take one country in Africa, Senegal.
49
190160
3136
03:13
Their rate is about 12 percent.
50
193320
2056
03:15
But why is it so low?
51
195400
1800
03:17
One reason is that the most popular contraceptives are rarely available.
52
197920
5480
03:24
Women in Africa will tell you over and over again
53
204080
2896
03:27
that what they prefer today is an injectable.
54
207000
3096
03:30
They get it in their arm -- and they go about four times a year,
55
210120
4016
03:34
they have to get it every three months -- to get their injection.
56
214160
3056
03:37
The reason women like it so much in Africa is they can hide it from their husbands,
57
217240
5280
03:43
who sometimes want a lot of children.
58
223120
2000
03:45
The problem is every other time a woman goes into a clinic in Senegal,
59
225800
5496
03:51
that injection is stocked out.
60
231320
1760
03:53
It's stocked out 150 days out of the year.
61
233960
4360
03:58
So can you imagine the situation --
62
238920
1856
04:00
she walks all this way to go get her injection.
63
240800
2896
04:03
She leaves her field, sometimes leaves her children,
64
243720
3176
04:06
and it's not there.
65
246920
1456
04:08
And she doesn't know when it's going to be available again.
66
248400
2762
04:11
This is the same story across the continent of Africa today.
67
251960
4880
04:17
And so what we've created as a world has become a life-and-death crisis.
68
257400
4615
04:22
There are 100,000 women [per year] who say they don't want to be pregnant
69
262039
5681
04:28
and they die in childbirth -- 100,000 women a year.
70
268240
3720
04:32
There are another 600,000 women [per year]
71
272600
2416
04:35
who say they didn't want to be pregnant in the first place,
72
275040
2816
04:37
and they give birth to a baby
73
277880
2096
04:40
and her baby dies in that first month of life.
74
280000
3200
04:44
I know everyone wants to save these mothers and these children.
75
284360
5920
04:51
But somewhere along the way, we got confused by our own conversation.
76
291320
5816
04:57
And we stopped trying to save these lives.
77
297160
3040
05:01
So if we're going to make progress on this issue,
78
301680
2840
05:05
we have to be really clear about what our agenda is.
79
305160
3520
05:09
We're not talking about abortion.
80
309400
2336
05:11
We're not talking about population control.
81
311760
2840
05:15
What I'm talking about is giving women the power to save their lives,
82
315160
6496
05:21
to save their children's lives
83
321680
2096
05:23
and to give their families the best possible future.
84
323800
3280
05:28
Now, as a world,
85
328600
1856
05:30
there are lots of things we have to do in the global health community
86
330480
3256
05:33
if we want to make the world better in the future --
87
333760
2429
05:36
things like fight diseases.
88
336880
1776
05:38
So many children today die of diarrhea, as you heard earlier, and pneumonia.
89
338680
4536
05:43
They kill literally millions of children a year.
90
343240
2616
05:45
We also need to help small farmers --
91
345880
2096
05:48
farmers who plow small plots of land in Africa --
92
348000
3920
05:52
so that they can grow enough food to feed their children.
93
352520
2896
05:55
And we have to make sure that children are educated around the world.
94
355440
3320
05:59
But one of the simplest and most transformative things we can do
95
359560
5296
06:04
is to give everybody access to birth control methods
96
364880
3856
06:08
that almost all Germans have access to and all Americans, at some point,
97
368760
5456
06:14
they use these tools during their life.
98
374240
2160
06:17
And I think as long as we're really clear about what our agenda is,
99
377520
6096
06:23
there's a global movement waiting to happen
100
383640
2616
06:26
and ready to get behind this totally uncontroversial idea.
101
386280
4880
06:33
When I grew up, I grew up in a Catholic home.
102
393000
3296
06:36
I still consider myself a practicing Catholic.
103
396320
2840
06:39
My mom's great-uncle was a Jesuit priest.
104
399800
4096
06:43
My great-aunt was a Dominican nun.
105
403920
3416
06:47
She was a schoolteacher and a principal her entire life.
106
407360
3736
06:51
In fact, she's the one who taught me as a young girl how to read.
107
411120
3480
06:55
I was very close to her.
108
415560
1400
06:57
And I went to Catholic schools for my entire childhood
109
417800
3216
07:01
until I left home to go to university.
110
421040
2240
07:04
In my high school, Ursuline Academy,
111
424320
2760
07:07
the nuns made service and social justice a high priority in the school.
112
427720
5720
07:14
Today, in the [Gates] Foundation's work,
113
434600
2336
07:16
I believe I'm applying the lessons that I learned in high school.
114
436960
4160
07:22
So, in the tradition of Catholic scholars,
115
442640
2896
07:25
the nuns also taught us to question received teachings.
116
445560
5120
07:31
And one of the teachings that we girls and my peers questioned
117
451720
5256
07:37
was is birth control really a sin?
118
457000
3560
07:41
Because I think one of the reasons
119
461920
1736
07:43
we have this huge discomfort talking about contraception
120
463680
4336
07:48
is this lingering concern
121
468040
1976
07:50
that if we separate sex from reproduction, we're going to promote promiscuity.
122
470040
5320
07:56
And I think that's a reasonable question to be asked about contraception --
123
476080
4256
08:00
what is its impact on sexual morality?
124
480360
3800
08:05
But, like most women,
125
485680
1336
08:07
my decision about birth control had nothing to do with promiscuity.
126
487040
4720
08:12
I had a plan for my future. I wanted to go to college.
127
492360
3456
08:15
I studied really hard in college,
128
495840
2336
08:18
and I was proud to be one of the very few female computer science graduates
129
498200
4736
08:22
at my university.
130
502960
1280
08:24
I wanted to have a career, so I went on to business school
131
504800
3336
08:28
and I became one of the youngest female executives at Microsoft.
132
508160
3480
08:33
I still remember, though, when I left my parents' home
133
513560
3095
08:36
to move across the country to start this new job at Microsoft.
134
516679
3481
08:40
They had sacrificed a lot to give me five years of higher education.
135
520640
5240
08:46
But they said, as I left home --
136
526640
1576
08:48
and I literally went down the front steps, down the porch at home --
137
528240
3336
08:51
and they said,
138
531600
1216
08:52
"Even though you've had this great education,
139
532840
2400
08:55
if you decide to get married and have kids right away,
140
535920
4520
09:01
that's OK by us, too."
141
541080
1680
09:03
They wanted me to do the thing that would make me the very happiest.
142
543600
5256
09:08
I was free to decide what that would be.
143
548880
2936
09:11
It was an amazing feeling.
144
551840
2160
09:15
In fact, I did want to have kids --
145
555200
3896
09:19
but I wanted to have them when I was ready.
146
559120
3240
09:23
And so now, Bill and I have three.
147
563040
2560
09:26
And when our eldest daughter was born,
148
566520
2200
09:29
we weren't, I would say, exactly sure how to be great parents.
149
569480
3696
09:33
Maybe some of you know that feeling.
150
573200
1960
09:35
And so we waited a little while before we had our second child.
151
575760
3080
09:39
And it's no accident that we have three children
152
579560
3656
09:43
that are spaced three years apart.
153
583240
2240
09:46
Now, as a mother, what do I want the very most for my children?
154
586120
4880
09:52
I want them to feel the way I did --
155
592040
2200
09:54
like they can do anything they want to do in life.
156
594760
3960
10:00
And so, what has struck me
157
600560
1616
10:02
as I've travelled the last decade for the foundation around the world
158
602200
4000
10:06
is that all women want that same thing.
159
606800
3960
10:12
Last year, I was in Nairobi, in the slums, in one called Korogocho --
160
612040
4936
10:17
which literally means when translated, "standing shoulder to shoulder."
161
617000
4560
10:22
And I spoke with this women's group that's pictured here.
162
622400
3016
10:25
And the women talked very openly about their family life in the slums,
163
625440
4136
10:29
what it was like.
164
629600
1416
10:31
And they talked quite intimately about what they did for birth control.
165
631040
3600
10:35
Marianne, in the center of the screen in the red sweater,
166
635440
3136
10:38
she summed up that entire two-hour conversation
167
638600
3736
10:42
in a phrase that I will never forget.
168
642360
2320
10:45
She said, "I want to bring every good thing to this child
169
645760
6360
10:53
before I have another."
170
653040
1400
10:55
And I thought -- that's it.
171
655640
2056
10:57
That's universal.
172
657720
1640
10:59
We all want to bring every good thing to our children.
173
659760
4600
11:05
But what's not universal is our ability to provide every good thing.
174
665480
4320
11:10
So many women suffer from domestic violence.
175
670480
2696
11:13
And they can't even broach the subject of contraception,
176
673200
3056
11:16
even inside their own marriage.
177
676280
1840
11:18
There are many women who lack basic education.
178
678760
2880
11:22
Even many of the women who do have knowledge and do have power
179
682360
5000
11:27
don't have access to contraceptives.
180
687960
2656
11:30
For 250 years, parents around the world
181
690640
5016
11:35
have been deciding to have smaller families.
182
695680
2760
11:39
This trend has been steady for a quarter of a millennium,
183
699480
4176
11:43
across cultures and across geographies,
184
703680
2840
11:47
with the glaring exception of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
185
707320
5480
11:54
The French started bringing down their family size in the mid-1700s.
186
714440
4456
11:58
And over the next 150 years, this trend spread all across Europe.
187
718920
5920
12:05
The surprising thing to me, as I learned this history,
188
725520
3576
12:09
was that it spread not along socioeconomic lines but around cultural lines.
189
729120
6816
12:15
People who spoke the same language made that change as a group.
190
735960
3856
12:19
They made the same choice for their family,
191
739840
2576
12:22
whether they were rich or whether they were poor.
192
742440
3000
12:26
The reason that trend toward smaller families spread
193
746920
3216
12:30
was that this whole way was driven by an idea --
194
750160
3200
12:33
the idea that couples can exercise conscious control
195
753840
5016
12:38
over how many children they have.
196
758880
1920
12:42
This is a very powerful idea.
197
762160
3560
12:46
It means that parents have the ability to affect the future,
198
766200
4240
12:50
not just accept it as it is.
199
770920
3240
12:55
In France, the average family size went down every decade
200
775480
4056
12:59
for 150 years in a row until it stabilized.
201
779560
3720
13:03
It took so long back then because the contraceptives weren't that good.
202
783960
4320
13:09
In Germany, this transition started in the 1880s, and it took just 50 years
203
789000
6216
13:15
for family size to stabilize in this country.
204
795240
2640
13:18
And in Asia and Latin America, the transition started in the 1960s,
205
798640
4616
13:23
and it happened much faster because of modern contraception.
206
803280
4120
13:29
I think, as we go through this history, it's important to pause for a moment
207
809680
5816
13:35
and to remember why this has become such a contentious issue.
208
815520
5056
13:40
It's because some family planning programs
209
820600
2656
13:43
resorted to unfortunate incentives and coercive policies.
210
823280
4840
13:49
For instance, in the 1960s, India adopted very specific numeric targets
211
829000
6856
13:55
and they paid women to accept having an IUD placed in their bodies.
212
835880
4280
14:00
Now, Indian women were really smart in this situation.
213
840720
3376
14:04
When they went to get an IUD inserted, they got paid six rupees.
214
844120
3496
14:07
And so what did they do?
215
847640
1200
14:09
They waited a few hours or a few days,
216
849480
2016
14:11
and they went to another service provider and had the IUD removed for one rupee.
217
851520
5200
14:18
For decades in the United States,
218
858720
2560
14:21
African-American women were sterilized without their consent.
219
861800
4680
14:27
The procedure was so common
220
867400
2216
14:29
it became known as the Mississippi appendectomy --
221
869640
3520
14:33
a tragic chapter in my country's history.
222
873720
3000
14:37
And as recently as the 1990s, in Peru,
223
877920
2776
14:40
women from the Andes region were given anesthesia
224
880720
3496
14:44
and they were sterilized without their knowledge.
225
884240
2920
14:48
The most startling thing about this
226
888720
2616
14:51
is that these coercive policies weren't even needed.
227
891360
2736
14:54
They were carried out in places
228
894120
1816
14:55
where parents already wanted to lower their family size.
229
895960
4120
15:00
Because in region after region, again and again,
230
900640
3296
15:03
parents have wanted to have smaller families.
231
903960
2920
15:08
There's no reason to believe
232
908120
1776
15:09
that African women have innately different desires.
233
909920
3600
15:14
Given the option, they will have fewer children.
234
914040
3680
15:18
The question is:
235
918600
1496
15:20
will we invest in helping all women get what they want now?
236
920120
5480
15:26
Or, are we going to condemn them to some century-long struggle,
237
926400
4696
15:31
as if this was still revolutionary France
238
931120
2736
15:33
and the best method was coitus interruptus?
239
933880
2800
15:39
Empowering parents -- it doesn't need justification.
240
939840
4280
15:45
But here's the thing -- our desire to bring every good thing to our children
241
945080
6856
15:51
is a force for good throughout the world.
242
951960
2840
15:55
It's what propels societies forward.
243
955160
2480
15:59
In that same slum in Nairobi, I met a young businesswoman,
244
959120
3936
16:03
and she was making backpacks out of her home.
245
963080
2216
16:05
She and her young kids would go to the local jeans factory
246
965320
3336
16:08
and collect scraps of denim.
247
968680
1736
16:10
She'd create these backpacks and resell them.
248
970440
2536
16:13
And when I talked with her, she had three children,
249
973000
2381
16:15
and I asked her about her family.
250
975405
1576
16:17
And she said she and her husband decided
251
977005
2091
16:19
that they wanted to stop having children after their third one.
252
979120
3016
16:22
And so when I asked her why, she simply said,
253
982160
2656
16:24
"Well, because I couldn't run my business if I had another child."
254
984840
3496
16:28
And she explained the income that she was getting out of her business
255
988360
3239
16:31
afforded her to be able to give an education to all three of her children.
256
991623
3720
16:35
She was incredibly optimistic about her family's future.
257
995800
4280
16:41
This is the same mental calculus
258
1001680
2536
16:44
that hundreds of millions of men and women have gone through.
259
1004240
4176
16:48
And evidence proves that they have it exactly right.
260
1008440
3800
16:52
They are able to give their children more opportunities
261
1012840
3896
16:56
by exercising control over when they have them.
262
1016760
3280
17:01
In Bangladesh,
263
1021800
1296
17:03
there's a district called Matlab.
264
1023120
1936
17:05
It's where researchers have collected data on over 180,000 inhabitants since 1963.
265
1025080
6736
17:11
In the global health community,
266
1031839
1537
17:13
we like to say it's one of the longest pieces of research that's been running.
267
1033400
3696
17:17
We have so many great health statistics.
268
1037119
2177
17:19
In one of the studies, what did they do?
269
1039320
2536
17:21
Half the villagers were chosen to get contraceptives.
270
1041879
4096
17:26
They got education and access to contraception.
271
1046000
3176
17:29
Twenty years later, following those villages,
272
1049200
3176
17:32
what we learned is that they had a better quality of life than their neighbors.
273
1052400
4016
17:36
The families were healthier.
274
1056440
1696
17:38
The women were less likely to die in childbirth.
275
1058160
3136
17:41
Their children were less likely to die in the first thirty days of life.
276
1061320
4016
17:45
The children were better nourished.
277
1065360
2296
17:47
The families were also wealthier.
278
1067680
2016
17:49
The adult women's wages were higher.
279
1069720
2496
17:52
Households had more assets -- things like livestock or land or savings.
280
1072240
4520
17:57
Finally, their sons and daughters had more schooling.
281
1077320
3520
18:02
So when you multiply these types of effects over millions of families,
282
1082000
5520
18:07
the product can be large-scale economic development.
283
1087960
3280
18:12
People talk about the Asian economic miracle of the 1980s --
284
1092080
4056
18:16
but it wasn't really a miracle.
285
1096160
2056
18:18
One of the leading causes of economic growth across that region
286
1098240
3536
18:21
was this cultural trend towards smaller families.
287
1101800
3840
18:27
Sweeping changes start at the individual family level --
288
1107120
3896
18:31
the family making a decision about what's best for their children.
289
1111040
4440
18:36
When they make that change and that decision,
290
1116280
3016
18:39
those become sweeping regional and national trends.
291
1119320
3720
18:43
When families in sub-Saharan Africa are given the opportunity
292
1123680
4136
18:47
to make those decisions for themselves,
293
1127840
2360
18:50
I think it will help spark a virtuous cycle of development
294
1130800
3256
18:54
in communities across the continent.
295
1134080
2760
18:58
We can help poor families build a better future.
296
1138520
3856
19:02
We can insist that all people have the opportunity
297
1142400
3696
19:06
to learn about contraceptives
298
1146120
1936
19:08
and have access to the full variety of methods.
299
1148080
3280
19:12
I think the goal here is really clear:
300
1152560
2856
19:15
universal access to birth control that women want.
301
1155440
4880
19:20
And for that to happen, it means that both rich and poor governments alike
302
1160880
5296
19:26
must make contraception a total priority.
303
1166200
3520
19:30
We can do our part, in this room and globally,
304
1170280
3976
19:34
by talking about the hundreds of millions of families
305
1174280
3256
19:37
that don't have access to contraception today
306
1177560
2896
19:40
and what it would do to change their lives if they did have access.
307
1180480
3720
19:45
I think if Marianne and the members of her women's group
308
1185200
3736
19:48
can talk about this openly
309
1188960
2296
19:51
and have this discussion out amongst themselves and in public,
310
1191280
3400
19:55
we can, too.
311
1195320
1360
19:57
And we need to start now.
312
1197280
1480
20:00
Because like Marianne, we all want to bring every good thing to our children.
313
1200000
6560
20:07
And where is the controversy in that?
314
1207320
2640
20:10
Thank you.
315
1210680
1216
20:11
(Applause)
316
1211920
2736
20:14
Chris Anderson: Thank you.
317
1214680
1240
20:22
I have some questions for Melinda.
318
1222880
3976
20:26
(Applause ends)
319
1226880
1296
20:28
Thank you for your courage and everything else.
320
1228200
2960
20:32
So, Melinda, in the last few years
321
1232000
2496
20:34
I've heard a lot of smart people say something to the effect of,
322
1234520
3720
20:39
"We don't need to worry about the population issue anymore.
323
1239920
3456
20:43
Family sizes are coming down naturally all over the world.
324
1243400
3496
20:46
We're going to peak at nine or 10 billion. And that's it."
325
1246920
2960
20:51
Are they wrong?
326
1251240
1216
20:52
Melinda Gates: If you look at the statistics across Africa,
327
1252480
2776
20:55
they are wrong.
328
1255280
1216
20:56
And I think we need to look at it, though, from a different lens.
329
1256520
3056
20:59
We need to look at it from the ground upwards.
330
1259600
2176
21:01
I think that's one of the reasons we got ourselves in so much trouble
331
1261800
3256
21:05
on this issue of contraception.
332
1265080
1696
21:06
We looked at it from top down
333
1266800
1381
21:08
and said we want to have different population numbers over time.
334
1268205
3531
21:11
Yes, we care about the planet. Yes, we need to make the right choices.
335
1271760
3296
21:15
But the choices have to be made at the family level.
336
1275080
2576
21:17
And it's only by giving people access and letting them choose what to do
337
1277680
4336
21:22
that you get those sweeping changes that we have seen globally --
338
1282040
3056
21:25
except for sub-Saharan Africa and those places in South Asia and Afghanistan.
339
1285120
4680
21:32
CA: Some people on the right in America
340
1292440
2096
21:34
and in many conservative cultures around the world
341
1294560
3400
21:39
might say something like this:
342
1299880
1816
21:41
"It's all very well to talk about saving lives and empowering women and so on.
343
1301720
3667
21:45
But, sex is sacred.
344
1305411
1960
21:48
What you're proposing is going to increase the likelihood
345
1308520
4016
21:52
that lots of sex happens outside marriage.
346
1312560
2216
21:54
And that is wrong."
347
1314800
1440
21:57
What would you say to them?
348
1317120
2056
21:59
MG: I would say that sex is absolutely sacred.
349
1319200
3256
22:02
And it's sacred in Germany, and it's sacred in the United States,
350
1322480
3096
22:05
and it's sacred in France and so many places around the world.
351
1325600
3096
22:08
And the fact that 98 percent of women in my country who are sexually experienced
352
1328720
4896
22:13
say they use birth control doesn't make sex any less sacred.
353
1333640
4176
22:17
It just means that they're getting to make choices about their lives.
354
1337840
3256
22:21
And I think in that choice,
355
1341120
1296
22:22
we're also honoring the sacredness of the family
356
1342440
2896
22:25
and the sacredness of the mother's life
357
1345360
2256
22:27
and the childrens' lives by saving their lives.
358
1347640
2256
22:29
To me, that's incredibly sacred, too.
359
1349920
2280
22:33
CA: So what is your foundation doing to promote this issue?
360
1353280
4736
22:38
And what could people here and people listening on the web --
361
1358040
4016
22:42
what would you like them to do?
362
1362080
1536
22:43
MG: I would say this -- join the conversation.
363
1363640
2143
22:45
We've listed the website up here. Join the conversation.
364
1365807
4169
22:50
Tell your story about how contraception has either changed your life
365
1370000
3816
22:53
or somebody's life that you know.
366
1373840
2016
22:55
And say that you're for this.
367
1375880
1381
22:57
We need a groundswell of people saying, "This makes sense.
368
1377285
2715
23:00
We've got to give all women access -- no matter where they live."
369
1380024
3392
23:03
And one of the things that we're going to do
370
1383440
2096
23:05
is do a large event July 11 in London,
371
1385560
3176
23:08
with a whole host of countries, a whole host of African nations,
372
1388760
3376
23:12
to all say we're putting this back on the global health agenda.
373
1392160
3136
23:15
We're going to commit resources to it,
374
1395320
1856
23:17
and we're going to do planning from the bottom up with governments
375
1397200
3136
23:20
to make sure that women are educated --
376
1400360
2096
23:22
so that if they want the tool, they have it,
377
1402480
2456
23:24
and that they have lots of options available
378
1404960
2096
23:27
either through their local healthcare worker
379
1407080
2096
23:29
or their local community rural clinic.
380
1409200
1880
23:32
CA: Melinda, I'm guessing that some of those nuns who taught you at school
381
1412440
4576
23:37
are going to see this TED Talk at some point.
382
1417040
2640
23:40
Are they going to be horrified, or are they cheering you on?
383
1420480
2896
23:43
MG: I know they're going to see the TED Talk
384
1423400
2096
23:45
because they know that I'm doing it and I plan to send it to them.
385
1425520
3136
23:48
And, you know, the nuns who taught me were incredibly progressive.
386
1428680
3136
23:51
I hope that they'll be very proud of me
387
1431840
1896
23:53
for living out what they taught us about social justice and service.
388
1433760
3936
23:57
I have come to feel incredibly passionate about this issue
389
1437720
3896
24:01
because of what I've seen in the developing world.
390
1441640
2776
24:04
And for me, this topic has become very close to heart
391
1444440
4856
24:09
because you meet these women and they are so often voiceless.
392
1449320
3056
24:12
And yet they shouldn't be --
393
1452400
1336
24:13
they should have a voice, they should have access.
394
1453760
2536
24:16
And so I hope they'll feel
395
1456320
1256
24:17
that I'm living out what I've learned from them
396
1457600
2816
24:20
and from the decades of work that I've already done at the foundation.
397
1460440
3286
24:24
CA: So, you and your team brought together today an amazing group of speakers
398
1464720
4376
24:29
to whom we're all grateful.
399
1469120
2560
24:32
Did you learn anything?
400
1472200
1816
24:34
(Laughter)
401
1474040
1216
24:35
MG: Oh my gosh, I learned so many things. I have so many follow-up questions.
402
1475280
3816
24:39
And I think a lot of this work is a journey.
403
1479120
2256
24:41
You heard the discussion about the journey through energy,
404
1481400
3856
24:45
or the journey through social design,
405
1485280
2336
24:47
or the journey in the coming and saying,
406
1487640
1920
24:49
"Why aren't there any women on this platform?"
407
1489584
2152
24:51
And I think for all of us who work on these development issues,
408
1491760
3376
24:55
you learn by talking to other people.
409
1495160
1776
24:56
You learn by doing. You learn by trying and making mistakes.
410
1496960
2856
24:59
And it's the questions you ask.
411
1499840
1496
25:01
Sometimes it's the questions you ask that helps lead to the answer
412
1501360
3376
25:04
the next person that can help you answer it.
413
1504760
2096
25:06
So I have lots of questions for the panelists from today.
414
1506880
2696
25:09
And I thought it was just an amazing day.
415
1509600
2056
25:11
CA: Melinda, thank you for inviting all of us on this journey with you.
416
1511680
3334
25:15
Thank you so much. MG: Great. Thanks, Chris.
417
1515038
2048
Über diese Website

Auf dieser Seite finden Sie YouTube-Videos, die zum Englischlernen nützlich sind. Sie sehen Englischlektionen, die von hochkarätigen Lehrern aus der ganzen Welt unterrichtet werden. Doppelklicken Sie auf die englischen Untertitel, die auf jeder Videoseite angezeigt werden, um das Video von dort aus abzuspielen. Die Untertitel laufen synchron mit der Videowiedergabe. Wenn Sie irgendwelche Kommentare oder Wünsche haben, kontaktieren Sie uns bitte über dieses Kontaktformular.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7