Let's put birth control back on the agenda | Melinda Gates

248,801 views ใƒป 2012-04-11

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jihyeon J. Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Ju Hye Lim
00:04
Today, I'd like to talk with you
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜
00:06
about something that should be a totally uncontroversial topic.
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์ „ํ˜€ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
But, unfortunately, it's become incredibly controversial.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
This year, if you think about it,
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์˜ฌํ•ด์—
00:19
over a billion couples will have sex with one another.
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10์–ต๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
Couples like this one,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ€์™€
00:26
and this one,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ€,
00:28
and this one,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ€,
00:29
and, yes,
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๋„ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
even this one.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋„์š”.
00:32
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:34
And my idea is this --
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
all these men and women should be free to decide
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€
์ž„์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
whether they do or do not want to conceive a child.
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00:46
And they should be able to use one of these birth control methods
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ”ผ์ž„๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
to act on their decision.
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00:53
Now, I think you'd have a hard time
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
00:56
finding many people who disagree with this idea.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
Over one billion people use birth control without any hesitation at all.
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10์–ต๋ช…์ด ๋„˜์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚Œ์—†์ด ํ”ผ์ž„๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
They want the power to plan their own lives
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ 
01:12
and to raise healthier, better educated and more prosperous families.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ต์–‘์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ’์š”๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
But, for an idea that is so broadly accepted in private,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
birth control certainly generates a lot of opposition in public.
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ํ”ผ์ž„์€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์— ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถ€๋”ชํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
Some people think when we talk about contraception
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์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋Š” ํ”ผ์ž„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
01:33
that it's code for abortion,
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๋‚™ํƒœ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€์š”.
01:35
which it's not.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
Some people -- let's be honest --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์†”์งํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:39
they're uncomfortable with the topic because it's about sex.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
Some people worry
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์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
01:45
that the real goal of family planning is to control populations.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
These are all side issues
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ถ€์ฐจ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ
01:55
that have attached themselves to this core idea that men and women
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ์›ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ถœ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”
02:00
should be able to decide when they want to have a child.
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋”ธ๋ฆฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
And as a result, birth control has almost completely and totally disappeared
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ์ž„์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ
02:12
from the global health agenda.
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์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
The victims of this paralysis are the people of sub-Saharan Africa
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ต์ฐฉ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด์ž๋Š”
์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
and South Asia.
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02:23
Here in Germany, the proportion of people that use contraception
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋…์ผ์—์„œ ํ”ผ์ž„๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด
02:27
is about 66 percent.
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์•ฝ 66%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
That's about what you'd expect.
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์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์‹  ์ •๋„์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
In El Salvador, very similar, 66 percent.
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์—˜ ์‚ด๋ฐ”๋„๋ฅด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ 66%์ด๊ณ 
02:36
Thailand, 64 percent.
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ํƒœ๊ตญ์€ 64%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
But let's compare that to other places,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:42
like Uttar Pradesh, one of the largest states in India.
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์ธ๋„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ง€์—ญ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์šฐํƒ€ ํ”„๋ผ๋ฐ์‰ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐํƒ€ ํ”„๋ผ๋ฐ์‰ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
02:46
In fact, if Uttar Pradesh was its own country,
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02:49
it would be the fifth largest country in the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
Their contraception rate -- 29 percent.
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ํ”ผ์ž„๋ฅ ์€ 29%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, 10 percent.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ตญ์ธ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” 10%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
Chad, 2 percent.
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์ฑ ๋“œ๋Š” 2%์ด๊ณ ์š”.
03:10
Let's just take one country in Africa, Senegal.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์„ธ๋„ค๊ฐˆ์„ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:13
Their rate is about 12 percent.
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ํ”ผ์ž„๋ฅ ์€ 12% ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
But why is it so low?
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์–ด์งธ์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
03:17
One reason is that the most popular contraceptives are rarely available.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ”ผ์ž„๋ฒ•์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
Women in Africa will tell you over and over again
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์† ๋งํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ˜„์žฌ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
03:27
that what they prefer today is an injectable.
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03:30
They get it in their arm -- and they go about four times a year,
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ํŒ”์— ๋งž๋Š”๋ฐ ์ผ๋…„์— ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ ์ •๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
they have to get it every three months -- to get their injection.
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3๊ฐœ์›”์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งž์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
The reason women like it so much in Africa is they can hide it from their husbands,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋‚จํŽธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆจ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
who sometimes want a lot of children.
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๋‚จํŽธ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:45
The problem is every other time a woman goes into a clinic in Senegal,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์„ธ๋„ค๊ฐˆ์—์„œ ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋‘๋ฒˆ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๊ผด๋กœ
03:51
that injection is stocked out.
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์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
It's stocked out 150 days out of the year.
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์ผ๋…„์— 150์ผ์€ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
So can you imagine the situation --
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:00
she walks all this way to go get her injection.
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์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งž์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋จผ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
She leaves her field, sometimes leaves her children,
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๋ฐญ์ผ๋„ ๋†”๋‘๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๋•Œ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค๋„ ๋†”๋‘๊ณ ์š”.
04:06
and it's not there.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
And she doesn't know when it's going to be available again.
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์–ธ์ œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งž์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
This is the same story across the continent of Africa today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
And so what we've created as a world has become a life-and-death crisis.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งค๋…„ 10๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์ž„์‹ ์„ ์›์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด
04:22
There are 100,000 women [per year] who say they don't want to be pregnant
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04:28
and they die in childbirth -- 100,000 women a year.
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์ถœ์‚ฐํ•˜๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค๋…„ 10๋งŒ๋ช…์ด์š”.
04:32
There are another 600,000 women [per year]
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๋งค๋…„ 60๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด
์• ์ดˆ์— ์ž„์‹ ์„ ์›์น˜ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด
04:35
who say they didn't want to be pregnant in the first place,
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04:37
and they give birth to a baby
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์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๊ธฐ๋Š” ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์•ˆ์— ์‚ฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
and her baby dies in that first month of life.
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04:44
I know everyone wants to save these mothers and these children.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด ์—„๋งˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ์•„๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
But somewhere along the way, we got confused by our own conversation.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ง์ด ๋ง‰ํž ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
And we stopped trying to save these lives.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ƒ๋ช…๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฉˆ์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
So if we're going to make progress on this issue,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง„์ฒ™์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋ฉด
05:05
we have to be really clear about what our agenda is.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
We're not talking about abortion.
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๋‚™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
We're not talking about population control.
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์ธ๊ตฌ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
What I'm talking about is giving women the power to save their lives,
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
05:21
to save their children's lives
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํž˜์„ ์ฃผ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
and to give their families the best possible future.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Now, as a world,
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์ด์ œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€
05:30
there are lots of things we have to do in the global health community
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ฒด์—์„œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
if we want to make the world better in the future --
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด์š”.
05:36
things like fight diseases.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘ ํ‡ด์น˜๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:38
So many children today die of diarrhea, as you heard earlier, and pneumonia.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์•ž์„œ ๋“ค์œผ์…จ๋“ฏ์ด, ์„ค์‚ฌ์™€ ํ๋ ด์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
They kill literally millions of children a year.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๋งค๋…„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
We also need to help small farmers --
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์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค๋„ ๋„์™€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง“๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
05:48
farmers who plow small plots of land in Africa --
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05:52
so that they can grow enough food to feed their children.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์„ ๋จน์ผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
And we have to make sure that children are educated around the world.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ต์œก๋ฐ›๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
But one of the simplest and most transformative things we can do
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด
06:04
is to give everybody access to birth control methods
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ”ผ์ž„๋ฒ•์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
that almost all Germans have access to and all Americans, at some point,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋…์ผ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ์—
06:14
they use these tools during their life.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
And I think as long as we're really clear about what our agenda is,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
06:23
there's a global movement waiting to happen
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
06:26
and ready to get behind this totally uncontroversial idea.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
When I grew up, I grew up in a Catholic home.
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์ €๋Š” ์นดํ†จ๋ฆญ ์ง‘์•ˆ์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
I still consider myself a practicing Catholic.
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์•„์ง๋„ ์ €๋Š” ์นดํ†จ๋ฆญ ์‹ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
My mom's great-uncle was a Jesuit priest.
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ข…์กฐ๋ถ€๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ํšŒ ์‚ฌ์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
My great-aunt was a Dominican nun.
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์ œ ์ข…์กฐ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋„๋ฏธ๋‹ˆํฌํšŒ ์ˆ˜๋…€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
She was a schoolteacher and a principal her entire life.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ์ด์ž ๊ต์žฅ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์œผ๋กœ ํ‰์ƒ์„ ์ง€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
In fact, she's the one who taught me as a young girl how to read.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ฃผ์‹  ๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
I was very close to her.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
And I went to Catholic schools for my entire childhood
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์„ ๋– ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์นดํ†จ๋ฆญ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
until I left home to go to university.
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07:04
In my high school, Ursuline Academy,
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋•Œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฅด์ˆ ๋ผํšŒ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ
07:07
the nuns made service and social justice a high priority in the school.
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์ˆ˜๋…€๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋กœ ๋‘์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
Today, in the [Gates] Foundation's work,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ  ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์—์„œ
07:16
I believe I'm applying the lessons that I learned in high school.
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋•Œ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋˜ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
So, in the tradition of Catholic scholars,
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์นดํ†จ๋ฆญ ํ•™์ž์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์—์„œ
07:25
the nuns also taught us to question received teachings.
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์ˆ˜๋…€๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
And one of the teachings that we girls and my peers questioned
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋™๊ธ‰์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด
ํ”ผ์ž„์ด๋ž€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ฃ„์•…์ผ๊นŒ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
was is birth control really a sin?
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07:41
Because I think one of the reasons
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ํ”ผ์ž„์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€
07:43
we have this huge discomfort talking about contraception
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์ถœ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด
07:48
is this lingering concern
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๋ฌธ๋ž€ํ•จ์„ ๋ถ€์ถ”๊ธธ๊นŒ๋ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
that if we separate sex from reproduction, we're going to promote promiscuity.
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07:56
And I think that's a reasonable question to be asked about contraception --
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ํ”ผ์ž„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
what is its impact on sexual morality?
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ํ”ผ์ž„์ด ์„ฑ๋„๋•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
08:05
But, like most women,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
08:07
my decision about birth control had nothing to do with promiscuity.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฉํƒ•ํ•จ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
I had a plan for my future. I wanted to go to college.
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์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
I studied really hard in college,
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๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
08:18
and I was proud to be one of the very few female computer science graduates
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๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณผํ•™ ์กธ์—…์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
at my university.
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08:24
I wanted to have a career, so I went on to business school
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๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ์Œ“๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ ๊ฒฝ์˜๋Œ€ํ•™์›์— ๊ฐ”๊ณ 
08:28
and I became one of the youngest female executives at Microsoft.
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์—์„œ ์ตœ์—ฐ์†Œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ž„์›์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
I still remember, though, when I left my parents' home
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ 
08:36
to move across the country to start this new job at Microsoft.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜ ์ง‘์„ ๋– ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์‚ฌ๊ฐ”๋˜ ๊ฒŒ ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
They had sacrificed a lot to give me five years of higher education.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ์ œ 5๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ ํฌ์ƒํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
But they said, as I left home --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์„ ๋– ๋‚  ๋•Œ
08:48
and I literally went down the front steps, down the porch at home --
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๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„๊ด€ ์•ž์— ์ฒซ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋‚ด๋”›์„ ๋•Œ
08:51
and they said,
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๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
"Even though you've had this great education,
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"๋„ค๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข‹์€ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ ์„œ๋„
08:55
if you decide to get married and have kids right away,
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•ด์„œ ๋‹น์žฅ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:01
that's OK by us, too."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค."
09:03
They wanted me to do the thing that would make me the very happiest.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์…จ์ฃ .
09:08
I was free to decide what that would be.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋“  ์ €๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
It was an amazing feeling.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
In fact, I did want to have kids --
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
but I wanted to have them when I was ready.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ค€๋น„๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
And so now, Bill and I have three.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋นŒ๊ณผ ์ €๋Š” ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์…‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
And when our eldest daughter was born,
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์ฒซ์งธ ๋”ธ์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ
09:29
we weren't, I would say, exactly sure how to be great parents.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ž์‹ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
Maybe some of you know that feeling.
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
And so we waited a little while before we had our second child.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‘˜์งธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ข€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
And it's no accident that we have three children
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์„ธ์งธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์€ ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:43
that are spaced three years apart.
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์‚ผ ๋…„ ํ„ฐ์šธ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:46
Now, as a mother, what do I want the very most for my children?
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์ด์ œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋กœ์„œ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด ์—‡์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์›ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
09:52
I want them to feel the way I did --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
like they can do anything they want to do in life.
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์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:00
And so, what has struck me
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์žฌ๋‹จ์ผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
10:02
as I've travelled the last decade for the foundation around the world
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€
10:06
is that all women want that same thing.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
Last year, I was in Nairobi, in the slums, in one called Korogocho --
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์ž‘๋…„์— ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ๋น„์˜ ์ฝ”๋กœ๊ณ ์ตธ๋ผ๋Š” ์Šฌ๋Ÿผ๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ’€๋ฉด "์–ด๊นจ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
which literally means when translated, "standing shoulder to shoulder."
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10:22
And I spoke with this women's group that's pictured here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋‹จ์ฒด์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
And the women talked very openly about their family life in the slums,
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์Šฌ๋Ÿผ๊ฐ€์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์ƒํ™œ์ด ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
what it was like.
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10:31
And they talked quite intimately about what they did for birth control.
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ํ”ผ์ž„์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์นœ๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Marianne, in the center of the screen in the red sweater,
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ํ™”๋ฉด ์ค‘์•™์— ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์Šค์›จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ž…์€ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•ค์ด
10:38
she summed up that entire two-hour conversation
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ
10:42
in a phrase that I will never forget.
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์š”์•ฝํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
She said, "I want to bring every good thing to this child
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"์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ด ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ
10:53
before I have another."
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”."
10:55
And I thought -- that's it.
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์ €๋Š” '๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‹ค' ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
That's universal.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
We all want to bring every good thing to our children.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
But what's not universal is our ability to provide every good thing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค„ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด์ฃ .
11:10
So many women suffer from domestic violence.
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๋งŽ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ •ํญ๋ ฅ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
And they can't even broach the subject of contraception,
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ํ”ผ์ž„์ด๋ž€ ๋ง์€ ๊บผ๋‚ด์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
even inside their own marriage.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ๋„์š”.
11:18
There are many women who lack basic education.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ๊ต์œก์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
Even many of the women who do have knowledge and do have power
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์ง€์‹๊ณผ ํž˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์กฐ์ฐจ
11:27
don't have access to contraceptives.
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ํ”ผ์ž„๋ฒ•์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
For 250 years, parents around the world
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250๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์€
11:35
have been deciding to have smaller families.
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์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊พธ๋ ค์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
This trend has been steady for a quarter of a millennium,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ 250๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
11:43
across cultures and across geographies,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
with the glaring exception of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
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๋‹จ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„๋งŒ ๋นผ๊ณ ์š”.
11:54
The French started bringing down their family size in the mid-1700s.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋Š” 1700๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
And over the next 150 years, this trend spread all across Europe.
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๋‹ค์Œ 150๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์˜จ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ํผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
The surprising thing to me, as I learned this history,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋†€๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋Œ€๋กœ
12:09
was that it spread not along socioeconomic lines but around cultural lines.
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์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
People who spoke the same language made that change as a group.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
They made the same choice for their family,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
whether they were rich or whether they were poor.
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๋“  ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๋“  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
The reason that trend toward smaller families spread
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์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊พธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ํผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:30
was that this whole way was driven by an idea --
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์˜ ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ์ง€
12:33
the idea that couples can exercise conscious control
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์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
12:38
over how many children they have.
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์ƒ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
This is a very powerful idea.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์ฃ .
12:46
It means that parents have the ability to affect the future,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:50
not just accept it as it is.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
In France, the average family size went down every decade
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€
12:59
for 150 years in a row until it stabilized.
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์•ˆ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ 150๋…„๊ฐ„ 10๋…„๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ์ค„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
It took so long back then because the contraceptives weren't that good.
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ”ผ์ž„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
In Germany, this transition started in the 1880s, and it took just 50 years
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๋…์ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ 1880๋…„๋Œ€์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด 50๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ค
13:15
for family size to stabilize in this country.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ •์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
And in Asia and Latin America, the transition started in the 1960s,
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์•„์‹œ์•„์™€ ๋ผํ‹ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ๋Š” 1960๋…„๋Œ€์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด
13:23
and it happened much faster because of modern contraception.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ํ”ผ์ž„๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
I think, as we go through this history, it's important to pause for a moment
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ 
13:35
and to remember why this has become such a contentious issue.
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์™œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋…ผ์Ÿ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
It's because some family planning programs
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณ„ํš์•ˆ์€
13:43
resorted to unfortunate incentives and coercive policies.
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์•ˆํƒ€๊นŒ์šด ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ•์••์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
For instance, in the 1960s, India adopted very specific numeric targets
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๊ฐ€๋…• 1960๋…„ ๋Œ€ ์ธ๋„๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:55
and they paid women to accept having an IUD placed in their bodies.
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์ž๊ถ๋‚ด ํ”ผ์ž„ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
Now, Indian women were really smart in this situation.
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์ธ๋„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
When they went to get an IUD inserted, they got paid six rupees.
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ํ”ผ์ž„๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด 6๋ฃจํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
And so what did they do?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:09
They waited a few hours or a few days,
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๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ช‡ ์ผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์„œ
14:11
and they went to another service provider and had the IUD removed for one rupee.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์„œ 1๋ฃจํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
For decades in the United States,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ๋…„๊ฐ„
14:21
African-American women were sterilized without their consent.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋™์˜๋„ ์—†์ด ๋ถˆ์ž„์‹œ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
The procedure was so common
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์‹œ์ˆ ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
it became known as the Mississippi appendectomy --
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๋ฏธ์‹œ์‹œํ”ผ ๋งน์žฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„
14:33
a tragic chapter in my country's history.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋น„๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
And as recently as the 1990s, in Peru,
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์ตœ๊ทผ 1990๋…„๋Œ€์— ํŽ˜๋ฃจ์—์„œ๋Š”
14:40
women from the Andes region were given anesthesia
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์•ˆ๋ฐ์Šค ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์ทจ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งž๊ณ 
14:44
and they were sterilized without their knowledge.
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์ž์‹ ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ ์ฑ„๋กœ ๋ถˆ์ž„์‹œ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
The most startling thing about this
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
14:51
is that these coercive policies weren't even needed.
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์ด ๊ฐ•์••์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
They were carried out in places
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์ด ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”
14:55
where parents already wanted to lower their family size.
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์ถ”์„ธ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
Because in region after region, again and again,
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์ง€์—ญ์„ ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ณ„์†์ ์œผ๋กœ
15:03
parents have wanted to have smaller families.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
There's no reason to believe
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์„ ์ฒœ์ ์œผ๋กœ
15:09
that African women have innately different desires.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š•๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
Given the option, they will have fewer children.
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์„ ํƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
The question is:
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
will we invest in helping all women get what they want now?
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๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์žํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
15:26
Or, are we going to condemn them to some century-long struggle,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ•ด๋ฌต์€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๊ณ 
15:31
as if this was still revolutionary France
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์•„์ง๋„ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ํ˜๋ช…์ค‘์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
15:33
and the best method was coitus interruptus?
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์งˆ์™ธ ์‚ฌ์ •์ด ์ตœ์„ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
15:39
Empowering parents -- it doesn't need justification.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ํž˜์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
But here's the thing -- our desire to bring every good thing to our children
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ง์€
15:51
is a force for good throughout the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ‹€์–ด ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:55
It's what propels societies forward.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์›๋™๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
In that same slum in Nairobi, I met a young businesswoman,
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๋‚˜์ด๋กœ๋น„์˜ ๊ทธ ์Šฌ๋Ÿผ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
16:03
and she was making backpacks out of her home.
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์ง‘์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ๋‚ญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
She and her young kids would go to the local jeans factory
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๊ทธ๋…€์™€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์€ ์ง€์—ญ ์ฒญ๋ฐ”์ง€ ๊ณต์žฅ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ
16:08
and collect scraps of denim.
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๋ฐ๋‹˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
She'd create these backpacks and resell them.
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์ด ๋ฐฐ๋‚ญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋˜ํŒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋…€์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์„ธ ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
And when I talked with her, she had three children,
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16:15
and I asked her about her family.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ดค์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚จํŽธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ธธ
16:17
And she said she and her husband decided
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16:19
that they wanted to stop having children after their third one.
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์„ธ์งธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ๋Š” ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋Œ€์š”.
16:22
And so when I asked her why, she simply said,
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
16:24
"Well, because I couldn't run my business if I had another child."
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"์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์šด์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”."
16:28
And she explained the income that she was getting out of her business
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—… ์†Œ๋“์œผ๋กœ
16:31
afforded her to be able to give an education to all three of her children.
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์„ธ ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ๊ต์œก์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:35
She was incredibly optimistic about her family's future.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:41
This is the same mental calculus
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ˆ˜ ์–ต๋ช…์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด
16:44
that hundreds of millions of men and women have gone through.
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๊ฒช์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
And evidence proves that they have it exactly right.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋”ฑ ๋งž๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:52
They are able to give their children more opportunities
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์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ”ผ์ž„์„ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
16:56
by exercising control over when they have them.
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์ž๋…€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋”ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
In Bangladesh,
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๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š”
17:03
there's a district called Matlab.
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๋งˆํ‹€๋žฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:05
It's where researchers have collected data on over 180,000 inhabitants since 1963.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด 1963๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 18๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:11
In the global health community,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ฒด์—์„œ๋Š”
17:13
we like to say it's one of the longest pieces of research that's been running.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ธ ์ตœ์žฅ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:17
We have so many great health statistics.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ณด๊ฑด ํ†ต๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:19
In one of the studies, what did they do?
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๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
17:21
Half the villagers were chosen to get contraceptives.
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๋งˆ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ํ”ผ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ  ํ”ผ์ž„๋ฒ•์„ ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
They got education and access to contraception.
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17:29
Twenty years later, following those villages,
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20๋…„ ํ›„ ๊ทธ ๋งˆ์„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋‹ˆ
17:32
what we learned is that they had a better quality of life than their neighbors.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด์›ƒ๋งˆ์„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
The families were healthier.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋”์šฑ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:38
The women were less likely to die in childbirth.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ด ์ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:41
Their children were less likely to die in the first thirty days of life.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ฉฐ์น  ๋‚ด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ์ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
The children were better nourished.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์˜์–‘์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:47
The families were also wealthier.
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๊ฐ€์ •๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋”์šฑ ๋ถ€์œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:49
The adult women's wages were higher.
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์„ฑ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ž„๊ธˆ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:52
Households had more assets -- things like livestock or land or savings.
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๊ฐ€์ถ•, ํ† ์ง€๋‚˜ ์ €์ถ•๋“ฑ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:57
Finally, their sons and daughters had more schooling.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก์„ ๋” ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:02
So when you multiply these types of effects over millions of families,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์œผ๋กœ ๊ณฑํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
18:07
the product can be large-scale economic development.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:12
People talk about the Asian economic miracle of the 1980s --
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ 1980๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ธฐ์ ์„ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
18:16
but it wasn't really a miracle.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:18
One of the leading causes of economic growth across that region
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
18:21
was this cultural trend towards smaller families.
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์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํ๋ฆ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:27
Sweeping changes start at the individual family level --
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์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์ด์ง€์š”.
18:31
the family making a decision about what's best for their children.
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18:36
When they make that change and that decision,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ
18:39
those become sweeping regional and national trends.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:43
When families in sub-Saharan Africa are given the opportunity
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •๋“ค์ด
18:47
to make those decisions for themselves,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ
18:50
I think it will help spark a virtuous cycle of development
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์—์„œ
18:54
in communities across the continent.
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์„ ์ˆœํ™˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ด‰๋ฐœ์‹œํ‚ฌ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:58
We can help poor families build a better future.
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๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:02
We can insist that all people have the opportunity
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ”ผ์ž„์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
19:06
to learn about contraceptives
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๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
19:08
and have access to the full variety of methods.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:12
I think the goal here is really clear:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:15
universal access to birth control that women want.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ํ”ผ์ž„๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:20
And for that to happen, it means that both rich and poor governments alike
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€
19:26
must make contraception a total priority.
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ํ”ผ์ž„์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์šฐ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:30
We can do our part, in this room and globally,
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์ด ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์—ญํ• ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:34
by talking about the hundreds of millions of families
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ”ผ์ž„๋ฒ•์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
19:37
that don't have access to contraception today
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์ˆ˜์–ต๋ช…์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •๋“ค์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
19:40
and what it would do to change their lives if they did have access.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:45
I think if Marianne and the members of her women's group
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๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋‹จ์ฒด ํšŒ์›๋“ค์ด
19:48
can talk about this openly
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
19:51
and have this discussion out amongst themselves and in public,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
19:55
we can, too.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:57
And we need to start now.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:00
Because like Marianne, we all want to bring every good thing to our children.
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๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
20:07
And where is the controversy in that?
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๊ฒฌ์ด ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
20:10
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:11
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
20:14
Chris Anderson: Thank you.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:22
I have some questions for Melinda.
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๋ฉœ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค, ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:26
(Applause ends)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
20:28
Thank you for your courage and everything else.
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์šฉ๊ธฐ๋‚ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:32
So, Melinda, in the last few years
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๋ฉœ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค, ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡๋…„๊ฐ„
20:34
I've heard a lot of smart people say something to the effect of,
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๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์‹์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:39
"We don't need to worry about the population issue anymore.
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"๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
20:43
Family sizes are coming down naturally all over the world.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ค„๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:46
We're going to peak at nine or 10 billion. And that's it."
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ํ•œ 90์–ต์ด๋‚˜ 100์–ต์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋”ฑ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
20:51
Are they wrong?
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ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ง์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
20:52
Melinda Gates: If you look at the statistics across Africa,
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๋ฉœ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ : ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
20:55
they are wrong.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:56
And I think we need to look at it, though, from a different lens.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:59
We need to look at it from the ground upwards.
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๋ฐ‘์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ„๋กœ ์ƒํ–ฅ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:01
I think that's one of the reasons we got ourselves in so much trouble
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ”ผ์ž„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์žˆ์–ด
21:05
on this issue of contraception.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:06
We looked at it from top down
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์œ„์—์„œ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ํ•˜ํ–ฅ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ดค์—ˆ์ฃ .
21:08
and said we want to have different population numbers over time.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ฃฝ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:11
Yes, we care about the planet. Yes, we need to make the right choices.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ์ฃ .
21:15
But the choices have to be made at the family level.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ ํƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋‹จ์œ„์—์„œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:17
And it's only by giving people access and letting them choose what to do
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ
21:22
that you get those sweeping changes that we have seen globally --
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด์˜จ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:25
except for sub-Saharan Africa and those places in South Asia and Afghanistan.
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด, ๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„์™€ ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„๋งŒ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
21:32
CA: Some people on the right in America
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์šฐํŒŒ์™€
21:34
and in many conservative cultures around the world
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ๋Š”
21:39
might say something like this:
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:41
"It's all very well to talk about saving lives and empowering women and so on.
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"์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ถŒ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:45
But, sex is sacred.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ฑ์€ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
21:48
What you're proposing is going to increase the likelihood
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถˆ๋ฅœ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ
21:52
that lots of sex happens outside marriage.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:54
And that is wrong."
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ผ์ด์ฃ ."
21:57
What would you say to them?
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์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
21:59
MG: I would say that sex is absolutely sacred.
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๋ฉœ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค: ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์„ฑ์€ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:02
And it's sacred in Germany, and it's sacred in the United States,
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๋…์ผ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„
22:05
and it's sacred in France and so many places around the world.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์™€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:08
And the fact that 98 percent of women in my country who are sexually experienced
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ 98%๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ
22:13
say they use birth control doesn't make sex any less sacred.
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ํ”ผ์ž„๋ฒ•์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ฑ์„ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•จ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:17
It just means that they're getting to make choices about their lives.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:21
And I think in that choice,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์„ ํƒ์ด
22:22
we're also honoring the sacredness of the family
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๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•จ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
22:25
and the sacredness of the mother's life
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•จ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
22:27
and the childrens' lives by saving their lives.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:29
To me, that's incredibly sacred, too.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ญ์‹œ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:33
CA: So what is your foundation doing to promote this issue?
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฌ๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
22:38
And what could people here and people listening on the web --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
22:42
what would you like them to do?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
22:43
MG: I would say this -- join the conversation.
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๋ฉœ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค: ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”. ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
22:45
We've listed the website up here. Join the conversation.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
22:50
Tell your story about how contraception has either changed your life
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ํ”ผ์ž„์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ถ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ถ์„
22:53
or somebody's life that you know.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
22:55
And say that you're for this.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
22:57
We need a groundswell of people saying, "This makes sense.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด "์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งž์•„"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์ค„ ํฐ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:00
We've got to give all women access -- no matter where they live."
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์–ด๋””์— ์‚ด๋“  ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:03
And one of the things that we're going to do
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์ด
23:05
is do a large event July 11 in London,
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ 7์›” 11์ผ์— ํฐ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:08
with a whole host of countries, a whole host of African nations,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด์„œ
23:12
to all say we're putting this back on the global health agenda.
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๊ตญ์ œ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณต๊ท€์‹œํ‚ค์ž๊ณ  ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:15
We're going to commit resources to it,
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์ž์›์„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ 
23:17
and we're going to do planning from the bottom up with governments
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์ •๋ถ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์›Œ
23:20
to make sure that women are educated --
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๊ต์œก๋ฐ›์•„
23:22
so that if they want the tool, they have it,
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์›ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:24
and that they have lots of options available
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ ํƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:27
either through their local healthcare worker
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์ง€์—ญ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์˜๋ฃŒ์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜๋“ 
23:29
or their local community rural clinic.
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์ง€์—ญ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์˜๋ฃŒ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜๋“  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
23:32
CA: Melinda, I'm guessing that some of those nuns who taught you at school
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ๋ฉœ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๋˜ ์ˆ˜๋…€๋‹˜๋“ค์ด
23:37
are going to see this TED Talk at some point.
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์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ์— ์ด TED๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋ณผ ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
23:40
Are they going to be horrified, or are they cheering you on?
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ชน์‹œ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜์‹ค๊นŒ์š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์‘์›ํ•˜์‹ค๊นŒ์š”?
23:43
MG: I know they're going to see the TED Talk
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๋ฉœ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค: ๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:45
because they know that I'm doing it and I plan to send it to them.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์—ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋‚ด ๋“œ๋ฆดํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
23:48
And, you know, the nuns who taught me were incredibly progressive.
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์ €๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ฃผ์‹  ์ˆ˜๋…€๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง„๋ณด์ ์ด์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:51
I hope that they'll be very proud of me
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:53
for living out what they taught us about social justice and service.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ฃผ์‹ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์˜์™€ ๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
23:57
I have come to feel incredibly passionate about this issue
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์—ด์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
24:01
because of what I've seen in the developing world.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:04
And for me, this topic has become very close to heart
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์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ์™€ ๋‹ฟ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
24:09
because you meet these women and they are so often voiceless.
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์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ž์ฃผ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:12
And yet they shouldn't be --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
24:13
they should have a voice, they should have access.
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๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
24:16
And so I hope they'll feel
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„
24:17
that I'm living out what I've learned from them
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์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:20
and from the decades of work that I've already done at the foundation.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์žฌ๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋„์š”.
24:24
CA: So, you and your team brought together today an amazing group of speakers
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‹น์‹  ํŒ€์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ž๋“ค๋กœ ๋ชจ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
24:29
to whom we're all grateful.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์ฃ .
24:32
Did you learn anything?
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๋ญ˜ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
24:34
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
24:35
MG: Oh my gosh, I learned so many things. I have so many follow-up questions.
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๋ฉœ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค: ์„ธ์ƒ์—, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์› ์–ด์š”. ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋– ์˜ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:39
And I think a lot of this work is a journey.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์ด ์ผ์ด ์—ฌ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:41
You heard the discussion about the journey through energy,
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์—ฌ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์œผ์…จ์ง€์š”.
24:45
or the journey through social design,
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๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์—ฌ์ •๊ณผ
24:47
or the journey in the coming and saying,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ์—ฌ์ •์ด
24:49
"Why aren't there any women on this platform?"
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"์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์™œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์—†๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:51
And I think for all of us who work on these development issues,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€
24:55
you learn by talking to other people.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:56
You learn by doing. You learn by trying and making mistakes.
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ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ , ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:59
And it's the questions you ask.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์‹  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:01
Sometimes it's the questions you ask that helps lead to the answer
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹ต์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋„๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:04
the next person that can help you answer it.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:06
So I have lots of questions for the panelists from today.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:09
And I thought it was just an amazing day.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋‚ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
25:11
CA: Melinda, thank you for inviting all of us on this journey with you.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ๋ฉœ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค, ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด ์—ฌ์ •์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:15
Thank you so much. MG: Great. Thanks, Chris.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉœ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค: ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค, ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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