How to separate fact and fiction online | Markham Nolan

182,762 views ・ 2012-12-11

TED


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00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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Translator: David J. Kreps Finnemann Reviewer: Anders Finn Jørgensen
00:15
I've been a journalist now since I was about 17,
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Jeg har nu været journalist siden jeg var cirka 17,
00:18
and it's an interesting industry to be in at the moment,
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og det er en interessant industri for tiden,
00:22
because as you all know, there's a huge amount of upheaval
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fordi som I alle ved, er der en stor omvæltning
00:24
going on in media, and most of you probably know this
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i medierne, og de fleste af jer ved dette sikkert fra
00:26
from the business angle, which is that the business model
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et virksomhedsmæssigt synspunkt, hvilket er at forretningsmodellen
00:30
is pretty screwed, and as my grandfather would say,
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er temmelig ødelagt , og som min bedstefar ville sige,
00:33
the profits have all been gobbled up by Google.
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er al profitten blevet slugt af Google.
00:35
So it's a really interesting time to be a journalist,
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Så det er en virkelig interessant tid at være journalist i,
00:38
but the upheaval that I'm interested in is not on the output side.
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men den omvæltning som jeg er interesseret i, er ikke på output siden.
00:41
It's on the input side. It's concern with
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Det er på input siden. Det er betænkelighed over
00:44
how we get information and how we gather the news.
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hvordan vi får information og hvordan vi indsamler nyhederne.
00:46
And that's changed, because we've had a huge shift
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Og det har ændret sig, fordi vi har haft et kæmpe skift
00:49
in the balance of power from
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i magtbalancen fra
00:52
the news organizations to the audience.
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nyhedsorganisationerne til publikummet.
00:54
And the audience for such a long time was in a position
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Og publikummet var i virkelig lang tid i en position
00:56
where they didn't have any way of affecting news
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hvor de ikke havde nogen måde at påvirke nyhederne på
00:59
or making any change. They couldn't really connect.
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eller lave nogen forandringer. De kunne ikke rigtig samle sig.
01:01
And that's changed irrevocably.
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Og det har ændret sig uigenkaldeligt.
01:02
My first connection with the news media was
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Min første forbindelse med nyhedsmedierne var
01:05
in 1984, the BBC had a one-day strike.
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i 1984, da BBC have en en-dags strejke.
01:09
I wasn't happy. I was angry. I couldn't see my cartoons.
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Jeg var ikke glad. Jeg var sur. Jeg kunne ikke se mine tegneserier.
01:12
So I wrote a letter.
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Så jeg skrev et brev.
01:15
And it's a very effective way of ending your hate mail:
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Og det er en meget effektiv måde at afslutte ens hade mail:
01:18
"Love Markham, Aged 4." Still works.
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"Knus Markham, alder 4." Det virker stadig.
01:21
I'm not sure if I had any impact on the one-day strike,
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Jeg er ikke sikker på at jeg havde nogen indflydelse på en-dags strejken,
01:24
but what I do know is that it took them three weeks to get back to me.
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men det jeg ved er, at det tog dem tre uger at skrive tilbage til mig.
01:26
And that was the round journey. It took that long for anyone
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Og det var rundturen. Det tog så lang tid for hvem som helst,
01:29
to have any impact and get some feedback.
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at have nogen indflydelse og få noget feedback.
01:31
And that's changed now because, as journalists,
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Og det har ændret sig nu fordi, som journalister,
01:33
we interact in real time. We're not in a position
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interagerer vi i real time. Vi er ikke i en position
01:36
where the audience is reacting to news.
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hvor publikummet reagerer på nyhederne.
01:39
We're reacting to the audience, and we're actually relying on them.
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Vi reagerer på publikummet, og vi er faktisk afhængige af dem.
01:43
They're helping us find the news. They're helping us
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De hjælper os med at finde nyhederne. De hjælper os med
01:45
figure out what is the best angle to take and what is the stuff that they want to hear.
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at finde ud af hvad der er den bedste indgangsvinkel og hvad det er de gerne vil høre.
01:50
So it's a real-time thing. It's much quicker. It's happening
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Så det er en real time ting. Det er meget hurtigere. Det sker
01:54
on a constant basis, and the journalist is always playing catch up.
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på konstant basis, og journalisterne halser altid efter.
02:00
To give an example of how we rely on the audience,
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For at give et eksempel på hvordan vi er afhængige af publikummet,
02:02
on the 5th of September in Costa Rica, an earthquake hit.
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den femte september blev Costa Rica ramt af et jordskælv.
02:07
It was a 7.6 magnitude. It was fairly big.
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Det var en 7.6 på Richterskalaen. Det var temmelig stort.
02:09
And 60 seconds is the amount of time it took
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Og 60 sekunder er den tid det tog
02:12
for it to travel 250 kilometers to Managua.
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for den at tilbagelægge de 250 kilometer til Managua.
02:14
So the ground shook in Managua 60 seconds after it hit the epicenter.
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Så jorden skælvede i Managua 60 sekunder efter den ramte epicenteret.
02:19
Thirty seconds later, the first message went onto Twitter,
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Tredive sekunder senere, kom den første besked på Twitter,
02:21
and this was someone saying "temblor," which means earthquake.
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og det var en person der sagde "temblor", hvilket betyder jordskælv.
02:24
So 60 seconds was how long it took
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Så 60 sekunder var den tid det tog
02:26
for the physical earthquake to travel.
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for det fysiske jordskælv at rejse.
02:28
Thirty seconds later news of that earthquake had traveled
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Tredive sekunder senere havde nyheden om det jordskælv rejst
02:31
all around the world, instantly. Everyone in the world,
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jorden rundt, øjeblikkeligt. Alle i verden,
02:34
hypothetically, had the potential to know that an earthquake
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hypotetisk set, havde potentialet til at vide at et jordskælv
02:37
was happening in Managua.
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havde ramt Managua.
02:39
And that happened because this one person had
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Og det skete fordi denne ene person havde et
02:42
a documentary instinct, which was to post a status update,
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dokumenterende instinkt, hvilket var at slå en status opdatering op,
02:46
which is what we all do now, so if something happens,
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hvilket er det vi alle gør nu, så hvis der sker noget,
02:48
we put our status update, or we post a photo,
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opdaterer vi vores status, eller vi slår et billede op,
02:50
we post a video, and it all goes up into the cloud in a constant stream.
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vi slår et filmklip op, og det forsvinder alt sammen op i skyen i en konstant strøm.
02:54
And what that means is just constant,
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Og det det betyder er, at der konstant
02:57
huge volumes of data going up.
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forsvinder store mængder data op.
02:59
It's actually staggering. When you look at the numbers,
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Det er faktisk rystende. Når man ser på talene,
03:02
every minute there are 72 more hours
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hvert minut er der 72 timers filmklip
03:05
of video on YouTube.
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mere på YouTube.
03:06
So that's, every second, more than an hour of video gets uploaded.
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Så det er, hvert sekund, mere end en times video der bliver uploadet.
03:09
And in photos, Instagram, 58 photos are uploaded to Instagram a second.
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Og med billeder, Instagram, bliver der uploadet 58 billeder til Instagram hvert sekund.
03:14
More than three and a half thousand photos go up onto Facebook.
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Mere end tre og et halvt tusinde billeder bliver uploadet til Facebook.
03:17
So by the time I'm finished talking here, there'll be 864
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Så til den tid jeg er færdig med at tale her, er der 864
03:21
more hours of video on Youtube than there were when I started,
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timers video ekstra på YouTube, i forhold til da jeg startede
03:25
and two and a half million more photos on Facebook and Instagram than when I started.
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og to og et halvt millioner flere billeder på Facebook og Instagram end da jeg startede.
03:28
So it's an interesting position to be in as a journalist,
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Så det er en interessant position at være i som journalist,
03:32
because we should have access to everything.
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fordi vi burde have adgang til alt.
03:35
Any event that happens anywhere in the world, I should be able to know about it
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Enhver begivenhed der sker hvor som helst i verden, bør jeg kende til
03:38
pretty much instantaneously, as it happens, for free.
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mere eller mindre med det samme, i det det sker, gratis.
03:42
And that goes for every single person in this room.
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Og det gælder for hver enkelt person i dette lokale.
03:45
The only problem is, when you have that much information,
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Det eneste problem er, at når man har så meget information,
03:47
you have to find the good stuff, and that can be
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skal man finde de gode ting, og det kan være
03:50
incredibly difficult when you're dealing with those volumes.
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utrolig svært når man håndterer denne mængde.
03:52
And nowhere was this brought home more than during
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Og det blev vist mest tydeligt under
03:54
Hurricane Sandy. So what you had in Hurricane Sandy was
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Orkanen Sandy. Så Orkan Sandy var
03:57
a superstorm, the likes of which we hadn't seen for a long time,
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en superstorm, hvis lige vi ikke havde set i lang tid,
04:00
hitting the iPhone capital of the universe -- (Laughter) --
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der ramte iPhone hovedstaden i universet -- (Latter) --
04:03
and you got volumes of media like we'd never seen before.
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og en mængde medier som aldrig nogensinde er set før.
04:07
And that meant that journalists had to deal with fakes,
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Og det betød at journalister skulle håndtere falske kopier,
04:10
so we had to deal with old photos that were being reposted.
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så vi skulle håndtere gamle billeder der blev gensendt.
04:13
We had to deal with composite images
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Vi skulle håndtere sammensatte billeder
04:15
that were merging photos from previous storms.
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der var sammensatte billeder fra tidligere storme.
04:18
We had to deal with images from films like "The Day After Tomorrow." (Laughter)
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Vi skulle håndtere billeder fra film som "The Day After Tomorrow." (Latter)
04:24
And we had to deal with images that were so realistic
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Og vi skulle håndtere billeder der var så realistiske
04:26
it was nearly difficult to tell if they were real at all.
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at det næsten var svært at se om de overhovedet var virkelige.
04:29
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
04:33
But joking aside, there were images like this one from Instagram
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Men spøg til side, der var billeder som dette fra Instagram
04:37
which was subjected to a grilling by journalists.
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der blev ristet af en journalist
04:39
They weren't really sure. It was filtered in Instagram.
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De var ikke helt sikre. Det var filtreret i Instagram.
04:41
The lighting was questioned. Everything was questioned about it.
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Der blev sået tvivl om lynet. Der blev sået tvivl om det hele.
04:44
And it turned out to be true. It was from Avenue C
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Og det viste sig at være rigtigt. Det var fra Avenue C
04:46
in downtown Manhattan, which was flooded.
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i downtown Manhattan, der var oversvømmet.
04:48
And the reason that they could tell that it was real
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Og grunden til de kunne se at det var ægte
04:50
was because they could get to the source, and in this case,
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var fordi de kunne snakke med kilden, og i dette tilfælde,
04:53
these guys were New York food bloggers.
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var disse fyre mad bloggere fra New York.
04:55
They were well respected. They were known.
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De var velrenommerede. De var kendte.
04:57
So this one wasn't a debunk, it was actually something that they could prove.
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Så dette var ikke en afsløring, det var noget de faktisk kunne bevise.
05:00
And that was the job of the journalist. It was filtering all this stuff.
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Og det var journalistens arbejde. Det var at filtrere alle disse ting.
05:03
And you were, instead of going and finding the information
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Og man var, i stedet for at gå ud og finde informationen
05:05
and bringing it back to the reader, you were holding back
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og tage det med tilbage til læseren, holdte man de ting
05:08
the stuff that was potentially damaging.
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tilbage der potentielt var skadelige.
05:10
And finding the source becomes more and more important --
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Og at finde kilden bliver mere og mere vigtigt --
05:13
finding the good source -- and Twitter is where most journalists now go.
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at finde den gode kilde -- og Twitter er det sted de fleste journalister nu går hen.
05:17
It's like the de facto real-time newswire,
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Det er ligesom de facto real time nyhedstjeneste,
05:20
if you know how to use it, because there is so much on Twitter.
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hvis man ved hvordan man skal bruge den, fordi der er så meget på Twitter.
05:23
And a good example of how useful it can be
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Og et godt eksempel på hvor brugbart det kan være
05:25
but also how difficult was the Egyptian revolution in 2011.
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men også hvor svært det kan være, er den ægyptiske revolution i 2011.
05:29
As a non-Arabic speaker, as someone who was looking
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Som en ikke-arabisk taler, som en der betragtede
05:31
from the outside, from Dublin,
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det udefra, fra Dublin,
05:34
Twitter lists, and lists of good sources,
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Twitter lister, og lister på gode kilder,
05:36
people we could establish were credible, were really important.
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mennesker som vi kunne etablere som troværdige, var virkelig vigtige.
05:39
And how do you build a list like that from scratch?
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Og hvordan bygger man sådan en liste helt forfra?
05:42
Well, it can be quite difficult, but you have to know what to look for.
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Jamen, det kan være ret svært, men man skal vide hvad man skal kigge efter.
05:44
This visualization was done by an Italian academic.
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Denne visualisering blev gjort af en italiensk akademiker.
05:47
He's called André Pannison, and he basically
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Han hedder André Pannison, og han tog dybest set
05:50
took the Twitter conversation in Tahrir Square
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Twitter samtalen på Tahrirpladsen
05:53
on the day that Hosni Mubarak would eventually resign,
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den dag som Hosni Mubarak i sidste ende trådte tilbage,
05:56
and the dots you can see are retweets, so when someone
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og prikkerne man kan se er retweets, så når nogen
05:59
retweets a message, a connection is made between two dots,
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retweeter en besked, kommer der en forbindelse mellem to prikker,
06:01
and the more times that message is retweeted by other people,
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og jo flere gange en besked bliver retweetet af andre mennesker,
06:04
the more you get to see these nodes, these connections being made.
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jo mere kommer man til se disse knudepunkter, disse forbindelser blive lavet.
06:07
And it's an amazing way of visualizing the conversation,
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Og det er en utrolig måde at visualisere en samtale på,
06:09
but what you get is hints at who is more interesting
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men det man får er disse mod det der er mere interessant
06:12
and who is worth investigating.
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og hvem der er værd at undersøge nærmere.
06:14
And as the conversation grew and grew, it became
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Og i takt med at samtalen voksede og voksede, blev det
06:17
more and more lively, and eventually you were left
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mere og mere levende, og til slut blev man efterladt
06:20
with this huge, big, rhythmic pointer of this conversation.
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med denne kæmpe, store, rytmiske
06:24
You could find the nodes, though, and then you went,
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Man kunne dog finde knudepunkter, dog, og så sagde man,
06:26
and you go, "Right, I've got to investigate these people.
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og man siger, "Okay, jeg skal undersøge disse personer nærmere.
06:29
These are the ones that are obviously making sense.
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Dette er dem der tydeligvis giver mening.
06:30
Let's see who they are."
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Lad os se hvem de er."
06:33
Now in the deluge of information, this is where
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I syndfloden af information, er dette hvor
06:35
the real-time web gets really interesting for a journalist like myself,
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real time nettet bliver virkelig interessant for en journalist som mig,
06:38
because we have more tools than ever
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fordi vi har flere værktøjer end nogensinde før
06:40
to do that kind of investigation.
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til at lave denne slags efterforskning.
06:43
And when you start digging into the sources, you can go
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Og når man begynder at grave efter kilder, kan man gå
06:46
further and further than you ever could before.
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længere og længere end man nogensinde kunne før.
06:49
Sometimes you come across a piece of content that
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Nogle gange kommer man forbi et stykke indhold der
06:52
is so compelling, you want to use it, you're dying to use it,
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er så fængslende, man vil bruge det, man er syg efter at bruge det,
06:55
but you're not 100 percent sure if you can because
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men man er ikke 100 procent sikker på at man kan det fordi
06:58
you don't know if the source is credible.
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man ikke ved om kilden er troværdig.
06:59
You don't know if it's a scrape. You don't know if it's a re-upload.
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Man ved ikke om det er skrot. Man ved ikke om det er en genupload.
07:01
And you have to do that investigative work.
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Og man skal gøre det undersøgende arbejde.
07:03
And this video, which I'm going to let run through,
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Og dette filmklip, som jeg vil lade køre,
07:05
was one we discovered a couple of weeks ago.
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var en vi opdagede for et par uger siden.
07:08
Video: Getting real windy in just a second.
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Video: Der begynder virkelig at blæse om et øjeblik.
07:11
(Rain and wind sounds)
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(Regn og vind lyde)
07:16
(Explosion) Oh, shit!
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(Eksplosion) Oh, shit!
07:19
Markham Nolan: Okay, so now if you're a news producer, this is something
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Markham Nolan: Okay, så hvis man nu er nyheds producent, er dette noget
07:22
you'd love to run with, because obviously, this is gold.
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man ville elske at vise, fordi dette er tydeligvis guld.
07:24
You know? This is a fantastic reaction from someone,
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I ved? Dette er en fantastisk reaktion fra en person,
07:26
very genuine video that they've shot in their back garden.
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et meget ægte filmklip som de har filmet i deres baghave.
07:29
But how do you find if this person, if it's true, if it's faked,
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Men hvordan finder man denne person, hvis det er sandt, hvis det er falsk,
07:32
or if it's something that's old and that's been reposted?
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eller hvis det er noget der er gammelt og gensendt?
07:35
So we set about going to work on this video, and
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Så vi begyndte at arbejde på denne video, og
07:37
the only thing that we had to go on was the username on the YouTube account.
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den eneste ting som vi kunne gå efter var brugernavnet på YouTube kontoen.
07:40
There was only one video posted to that account,
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Der var kun postet et filmklip på den konto,
07:43
and the username was Rita Krill.
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og brugernavnet var Rita Krill.
07:44
And we didn't know if Rita existed or if it was a fake name.
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Og vi viste ikke om Rita eksisterede eller om det var et falsk navn.
07:47
But we started looking, and we used free Internet tools to do so.
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Men vi begyndte at kigge, og vi brugte gratis internet værktøjer til det.
07:50
The first one was called Spokeo, which allowed us to look for Rita Krills.
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Det første hed Spokeo, hvilket tillod os at søge efter Rita Kriller.
07:54
So we looked all over the U.S. We found them in New York,
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Så vi kiggede i hele USA. Vi fandt dem i New York,
07:56
we found them in Pennsylvania, Nevada and Florida.
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vi fandt dem i Pennsylvania, Nevada og Florida.
07:59
So we went and we looked for a second free Internet tool
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Så vi tog ud og kiggede på et andet gratis internet værktøj
08:01
called Wolfram Alpha, and we checked the weather reports
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der hedder Wolfram Alpha, og vi kiggede på vejr journaler
08:04
for the day in which this video had been uploaded,
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for den dag hvor denne video var blevet uploadet,
08:06
and when we went through all those various cities,
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og vi kiggede alle de forskellige byer igennem,
08:08
we found that in Florida, there were thunderstorms and rain on the day.
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og vi så at i Florida, var der uvejr og regn den dag.
08:12
So we went to the white pages, and we found,
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Så vi kiggede på de hvide sider, og vi fandt,
08:14
we looked through the Rita Krills in the phonebook,
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vi kiggede på alle Rita Krill i telefonbøgerne,
08:17
and we looked through a couple of different addresses,
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og vi kiggede på et par forskellige adresser,
08:19
and that took us to Google Maps, where we found a house.
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og det førte os til Google Maps, hvor vi fandt et hus.
08:22
And we found a house with a swimming pool that looked
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Og vi fandt et hus med en svømmepøl der så
08:24
remarkably like Rita's. So we went back to the video,
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bemærkelsesværdigt ud som Ritas. Så vi kiggede på filmklippet igen
08:27
and we had to look for clues that we could cross-reference.
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og vi kiggede efter tegn som vi kunne krydshenvise til.
08:30
So if you look in the video, there's the big umbrella,
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Så hvis man kigger på filmklippet, er der en stor paraply,
08:33
there's a white lilo in the pool,
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der er en hvid luftmadras i poolen,
08:35
there are some unusually rounded edges in the swimming pool,
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der er nogle utrolig runde kanter i svømmepølen,
08:37
and there's two trees in the background.
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og der er to træet i baggrunden.
08:40
And we went back to Google Maps, and we looked a little bit closer,
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Og vi kiggede på Google Maps, og vi kiggede lidt nærmere,
08:42
and sure enough, there's the white lilo,
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og bestemt, der er den hvide luftmadras,
08:45
there are the two trees,
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der er de to træer,
08:48
there's the umbrella. It's actually folded in this photo.
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der er paraplyen. Den er faktisk foldet sammen på dette billede.
08:50
Little bit of trickery. And there are the rounded edges on the swimming pool.
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Et lille trick. Og der er de afrundede kanter i svømmepølen.
08:53
So we were able to call Rita, clear the video,
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Så vi var i stand til at ringe til Rita, godkende videoen,
08:57
make sure that it had been shot, and then our clients
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være sikker på at den var blevet optaget, og så var vores klienter
08:59
were delighted because they were able to run it without being worried.
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glade, fordi de var i stand til at vise den uden at være bekymrede.
09:02
Sometimes the search for truth, though,
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Nogle gange er søgen efter sandheden, dog,
09:04
is a little bit less flippant, and it has much greater consequences.
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lidt mindre overfladiske, og det har meget større konsekvenser.
09:08
Syria has been really interesting for us, because obviously
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Syrien har været virkelig interessant for os, fordi man tydeligvis
09:11
a lot of the time you're trying to debunk stuff that can be
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meget af tiden prøver at afsløre ting der potentielt
09:14
potentially war crime evidence, so this is where YouTube
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kan være beviser på krigsforbrydelser, så dette er hvor YouTube
09:17
actually becomes the most important repository
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faktisk bliver det vigtigste skatkammer
09:20
of information about what's going on in the world.
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af information om hvad der sker i verden.
09:24
So this video, I'm not going to show you the whole thing,
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Så dette filmklip, jeg vil ikke vise jer hele klippet,
09:27
because it's quite gruesome, but you'll hear some of the sounds.
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fordi det er temmelig grusomt, men I kommer til at høre nogen af lydene.
09:29
This is from Hama.
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Dette er fra Hama.
09:32
Video: (Shouting)
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Video: (Råben)
09:35
And what this video shows, when you watch the whole thing through,
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Og det dette filmklip viser, hvis man ser det hele,
09:39
is bloody bodies being taken out of a pickup truck
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er blodige kroppe der bliver taget ud af en pickup
09:41
and thrown off a bridge.
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og smidt ud fra en bro.
09:44
The allegations were that these guys were Muslim Brotherhood
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Beskyldningerne var at disse fyre var fra Muslim Brotherhood
09:47
and they were throwing Syrian Army officers' bodies
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og at de smed kroppe af officerer fra den syriske hær
09:50
off the bridge, and they were cursing and using blasphemous language,
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ud fra broen, og at de bandede og brugte blasfemisk sprog,
09:53
and there were lots of counterclaims about who they were,
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og der var mange modbeskyldninger om hvem de var,
09:55
and whether or not they were what the video said it was.
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og om de var eller ikke var det filmklippet sagde det var.
09:57
So we talked to some sources in Hama who we had been
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Så vi talte med nogle kilder i Hama der havde været
10:01
back and forth with on Twitter, and we asked them about this,
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frem og tilbage på Twitter, og vi spurgte dem om dette,
10:03
and the bridge was interesting to us because it was something we could identify.
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og broen var interessant for os, fordi det var noget vi kunne identificere.
10:07
Three different sources said three different things about the bridge.
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Tre forskellige kilder sagde tre forskellige ting om broen.
10:10
They said, one, the bridge doesn't exist.
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De sagde, en, at broen ikke eksisterede.
10:12
Another one said the bridge does exist, but it's not in Hama. It's somewhere else.
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En anden sagde at broen eksisterede, men den er ikke i Hama. Den er et andet sted.
10:15
And the third one said, "I think the bridge does exist,
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Og den tredje sagde, "Jeg mener broen eksisterer,
10:18
but the dam upstream of the bridge was closed,
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men dæmningen op ad floden fra broen var lukket,
10:21
so the river should actually have been dry, so this doesn't make sense."
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så floden burde være tørret ud, så dette giver ikke nogen mening."
10:25
So that was the only one that gave us a clue.
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Så det var den eneste der gav os en ledetråd.
10:27
We looked through the video for other clues.
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Vi kiggede filmklippet igennem for andre ledetråde.
10:29
We saw the distinctive railings, which we could use.
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Vi så særpræget gelænder som vi kunne bruge.
10:32
We looked at the curbs. The curbs were throwing shadows south,
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Vi kiggede på kantstenen. Kantstenen kastede en skygge mod syd,
10:35
so we could tell the bridge was running east-west across the river.
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så vi kunne regne ud at broen havde en øst-vestlig retning hen over floden.
10:38
It had black-and-white curbs.
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Den havde sorte og hvide kantsten.
10:40
As we looked at the river itself, you could see there's
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1986
I takt med at vi kiggede på selve foden, kunne man se at der
10:42
a concrete stone on the west side. There's a cloud of blood.
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var en betonklods på vestsiden. Der er en sky af blod.
10:45
That's blood in the river. So the river is flowing
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Der er blod i floden. Så floden flyder
10:46
south to north. That's what that tells me.
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fra syd til nord. Det er hvad det fortæller mig.
10:48
And also, as you look away from the bridge,
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Derudover, når man kigger væk fra broen,
10:50
there's a divot on the left-hand side of the bank,
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er der græstørv på den venstre side af flodbredden,
10:52
and the river narrows.
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og floden snævrer ind.
10:54
So onto Google Maps we go, and we start
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Så vi gik på Google Maps, og vi begyndte
10:57
looking through literally every single bridge.
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at gennemse bogstavelig talt hver eneste bro.
10:59
We go to the dam that we talked about, we start just
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Vi fandt dæmningen vi snakkede om, vi kiggede
11:03
literally going through every time that road crosses the river,
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bogstavelig talt på alle de gange vejen krydsede floden,
11:06
crossing off the bridges that don't match.
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og overstregede de broer der ikke matchede.
11:08
We're looking for one that crosses east-west.
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Vi ledte efter en der krydsede den øst-vestlig.
11:10
And we get to Hama. We get all the way from the dam
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Og vi kom til Hama. Vi kommer hele vejen fra dæmningen
11:12
to Hama and there's no bridge.
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til Hama og der er ikke nogen bro.
11:14
So we go a bit further. We switch to the satellite view,
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Så vi går lidt videre. Vi skifter til satellit billede,
11:16
and we find another bridge, and everything starts to line up.
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og vi finder endnu en bro, og det hele begynder at give mening.
11:19
The bridge looks like it's crossing the river east to west.
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Broen ser ud til at krydse floden i øst-vestlig retning.
11:22
So this could be our bridge. And we zoom right in.
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Så dette kunne være vores bro. Og vi zoomer ind.
11:25
We start to see that it's got a median, so it's a two-lane bridge.
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Vi begynder at se at den har en midterlinje, så det er en tosporet bro.
11:28
And it's got the black-and-white curbs that we saw in the video,
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Og den har de sorte og hvide kantsten som vi så i filmklippet,
11:32
and as we click through it, you can see someone's
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og i takt med at vi klikker igennem det, kan man se at nogen
11:34
uploaded photos to go with the map, which is very handy,
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har uploadet billeder der passer til kortet, hvilket er rigtig smart,
11:37
so we click into the photos. And the photos start showing us
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så vi kan klikke os ind på billederne. Og billederne begynder at vise os
11:40
more detail that we can cross-reference with the video.
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flere detaljer som vi kan krydshenvise med filmklippet.
11:42
The first thing that we see is we see black-and-white curbing,
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Den første ting vi ser er, at vi ser den sorte og hvide kantsten,
11:46
which is handy because we've seen that before.
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hvilket er smart, fordi den har vi set før.
11:48
We see the distinctive railing that we saw the guys
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Vi ser det særprægede gelænder som vi så fyrene
11:52
throwing the bodies over.
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kaste kroppene ud over.
11:54
And we keep going through it until we're certain that this is our bridge.
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Og vi gennemgår det til vi er sikre på at det er vores bro.
11:57
So what does that tell me? I've got to go back now
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Så hvad fortæller det mig? Jeg skal gå tilbage nu
11:58
to my three sources and look at what they told me:
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til mine tre kilder og se på hvad de fortalte mig:
12:00
the one who said the bridge didn't exist,
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den der sagde at broen ikke eksisterede,
12:02
the one who said the bridge wasn't in Hama,
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den der sagde at broen ikke var i Hama,
12:04
and the one guy who said, "Yes, the bridge does exist, but I'm not sure about the water levels."
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og den ene fyr der sagde, "Ja, broen eksisterer, men jeg er ikke sikker på vandniveauet."
12:08
Number three is looking like the most truthful all of a sudden,
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Nummer tre ser pludselig ud til at være den mest sandfærdige,
12:11
and we've been able to find that out using some free Internet tools
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og vi har været i stand til at finde ud af det ved at bruge nogle gratis internet værktøjer
12:14
sitting in a cubicle in an office in Dublin
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siddende i en bås på en kontor i Dublin
12:17
in the space of 20 minutes.
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i løbet af 20 minutter.
12:18
And that's part of the joy of this. Although the web
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Og det er den del ved dette jeg holder af. Selvom nettet
12:21
is running like a torrent, there's so much information there
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kører som en strøm, er der så meget information der
12:24
that it's incredibly hard to sift and getting harder every day,
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3187
at det er utrolig stift at sortere og det bliver sværere hver dag,
12:27
if you use them intelligently, you can find out incredible information.
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hvis man bruger dem intelligent, man kan finde så meget utrolig information.
12:31
Given a couple of clues, I could probably find out
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Ved at få et par ledetråde, kunne jeg sikkert finde ud af
12:33
a lot of things about most of you in the audience that you might not like me finding out.
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en masse ting om de fleste af jer i publikummet som I måske ikke synes om at jeg fandt ud af.
12:36
But what it tells me is that, at a time when
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Men det det fortæller mig er, at i en tid hvor
12:40
there's more -- there's a greater abundance of information than there ever has been,
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der er mere -- der er en større mængde af information end der nogensinde har været før,
12:44
it's harder to filter, we have greater tools.
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er det sværere at sortere, vi har bedre værktøjer.
12:46
We have free Internet tools that allow us,
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Vi har gratis internet værktøjer der tillader os,
12:48
help us do this kind of investigation.
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hjælper os med at udføre denne slags efterforskning.
12:50
We have algorithms that are smarter than ever before,
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Vi har algoritmer der er smartere end nogensinde før,
12:52
and computers that are quicker than ever before.
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og computere der er hurtigere end nogensinde før.
12:54
But here's the thing. Algorithms are rules. They're binary.
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Men her er sagen. Algoritmer er regler. De er binære.
12:58
They're yes or no, they're black or white.
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De er ja eller nej, de er sorte eller hvide.
13:00
Truth is never binary. Truth is a value.
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Sandheden er aldrig binær. Sandheden er en værdi.
13:03
Truth is emotional, it's fluid, and above all, it's human.
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Sandheden er følelsesmæssig, den er flydende, og frem for alt er den menneskelig.
13:08
No matter how quick we get with computers, no matter
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Uanset hvor hurtige vi bliver med computere, uanset
13:10
how much information we have, you'll never be able
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hvor meget information vi har, vil man aldrig være i stand til
13:12
to remove the human from the truth-seeking exercise,
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at fjerne mennesket fra den sandhedssøgende øvelse,
13:15
because in the end, it is a uniquely human trait.
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fordi til slut, er det et enestående menneskeligt karaktertræk.
13:19
Thanks very much. (Applause)
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Mange tak. (Bifald)
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