How to separate fact and fiction online | Markham Nolan

182,762 views ใƒป 2012-12-11

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: K Bang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Mark Kim
00:15
I've been a journalist now since I was about 17,
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์ €๋Š” 17์‚ด ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
and it's an interesting industry to be in at the moment,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์•ผ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
00:22
because as you all know, there's a huge amount of upheaval
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋Œ€์ค‘ ๋งค์ฒด์—๋Š”
00:24
going on in media, and most of you probably know this
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„
00:26
from the business angle, which is that the business model
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์•„๋งˆ ์‚ฌ์—…์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ชจ๋ธ์€
00:30
is pretty screwed, and as my grandfather would say,
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๊ฝค ์—‰๋ง์ด ๋˜์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๊ณ , ์ œ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ณ„์„œ ๊ฐ€๋” ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋“ฏ์ด,
00:33
the profits have all been gobbled up by Google.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋“์€ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋จน์–ด์น˜์› ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
So it's a really interesting time to be a journalist,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ ธ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
00:38
but the upheaval that I'm interested in is not on the output side.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜์€ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:41
It's on the input side. It's concern with
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ํˆฌ์ž…์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑด
00:44
how we get information and how we gather the news.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ณ , ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š”๊ฐ€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:46
And that's changed, because we've had a huge shift
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—” ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ
00:49
in the balance of power from
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๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฒญ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ€๋Š”
00:52
the news organizations to the audience.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ˜์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
And the audience for such a long time was in a position
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์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฒญ์ค‘์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋“  ๋‰ด์Šค์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
00:56
where they didn't have any way of affecting news
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
or making any change. They couldn't really connect.
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์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:01
And that's changed irrevocably.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋’ค๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
My first connection with the news media was
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‰ด์Šค ๋งค์ฒด์™€ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
01:05
in 1984, the BBC had a one-day strike.
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1984๋…„์— BBC ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ํŒŒ์—…์„ ๋ฒŒ์˜€์„ ๋•Œ์˜€์–ด์š”.
01:09
I wasn't happy. I was angry. I couldn't see my cartoons.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ํ™”๋„ ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ๋งŒํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:12
So I wrote a letter.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ผ์–ด์š”.
01:15
And it's a very effective way of ending your hate mail:
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์ด๊ฑด ํ•ญ์˜ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋๋งˆ์น˜๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ๋ฐ์š”:
01:18
"Love Markham, Aged 4." Still works.
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"4์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ์ปด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ," ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”. ์ด๊ฑด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:21
I'm not sure if I had any impact on the one-day strike,
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์ œ ํŽธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ผํŒŒ์—…์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณค๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
01:24
but what I do know is that it took them three weeks to get back to me.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•„๋Š”๊ฑด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ต์žฅ์ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ 3์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
01:26
And that was the round journey. It took that long for anyone
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์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ด ์˜ค๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์ฃ . ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
01:29
to have any impact and get some feedback.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋˜๋ฐ›์•„๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ์ •๋„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
And that's changed now because, as journalists,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์ฃ , ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ ธ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ
01:33
we interact in real time. We're not in a position
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์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํ†ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ธ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ
01:36
where the audience is reacting to news.
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์ฒญ์ค‘์ด ๋‰ด์Šค์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
We're reacting to the audience, and we're actually relying on them.
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์ ธ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์ด ์ฒญ์ค‘์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:43
They're helping us find the news. They're helping us
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์ ธ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์€ ์ฒญ์ค‘๋“ค ๋•์— ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
figure out what is the best angle to take and what is the stuff that they want to hear.
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์ฒญ์ค‘๋“ค ๋•๋ถ„์— ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ธ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
So it's a real-time thing. It's much quicker. It's happening
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์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ›จ์‹  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ 
01:54
on a constant basis, and the journalist is always playing catch up.
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๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ ธ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š๋ผ ๋ฐ”๋น ์š”.
02:00
To give an example of how we rely on the audience,
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์ ธ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์ด ์ฒญ์ค‘๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
02:02
on the 5th of September in Costa Rica, an earthquake hit.
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9์›” 5์ผ, ์ง€์ง„์ด ์ฝ”์Šคํƒ€๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํƒ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
It was a 7.6 magnitude. It was fairly big.
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๊ทœ๋ชจ 7.6์ธ ๊ฝค ํฐ ๋†ˆ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:09
And 60 seconds is the amount of time it took
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๊ฒจ์šฐ 60์ดˆ๋งŒ์— ์ง€์ง„์€
02:12
for it to travel 250 kilometers to Managua.
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250ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๋งˆ๋‚˜๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์ณค์–ด์š”.
02:14
So the ground shook in Managua 60 seconds after it hit the epicenter.
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์ง„์›์—์„œ ์ง€์ง„์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ์ง€ 60์ดˆ๋งŒ์— ๋งˆ๋‚˜๊ณผ์˜ ์ง€๊ฐ์„ ํ”๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Thirty seconds later, the first message went onto Twitter,
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30์ดˆ ํ›„์—, ์ฒซ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์— ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
and this was someone saying "temblor," which means earthquake.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ…œ๋ธ”๋กœ(temblor)"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ง€์ง„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
So 60 seconds was how long it took
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ 60์ดˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:26
for the physical earthquake to travel.
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์ง€์ง„์ด ํผ์ ธ๋„ˆ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:28
Thirty seconds later news of that earthquake had traveled
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30์ดˆ ํ›„์— ๊ทธ ์ง€์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‰ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—
02:31
all around the world, instantly. Everyone in the world,
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์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ„๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
02:34
hypothetically, had the potential to know that an earthquake
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ๋‚˜๊ณผ์— ์ง€์ง„์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
02:37
was happening in Managua.
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
And that happened because this one person had
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ ํ•œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
02:42
a documentary instinct, which was to post a status update,
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๋ณธ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”. ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ์†Œ์‹์ด ์ „ํ•ด์ง„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
which is what we all do now, so if something happens,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉด
02:48
we put our status update, or we post a photo,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์†Œ์‹์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ์˜์ƒ๋„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
we post a video, and it all goes up into the cloud in a constant stream.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
And what that means is just constant,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด
02:57
huge volumes of data going up.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:59
It's actually staggering. When you look at the numbers,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์–‘์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
03:02
every minute there are 72 more hours
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1๋ถ„๋‹น 72์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์˜์ƒ์ด
03:05
of video on YouTube.
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์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
So that's, every second, more than an hour of video gets uploaded.
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๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฑด 1์ดˆ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ•œ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์˜์ƒ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
And in photos, Instagram, 58 photos are uploaded to Instagram a second.
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์‚ฌ์ง„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”, ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ(Instagram)์— 1์ดˆ๋‹น 58์žฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
More than three and a half thousand photos go up onto Facebook.
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์—๋Š” 3,500์žฅ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
So by the time I'm finished talking here, there'll be 864
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋๋งˆ์น  ์ฆˆ์Œ์—๋Š”, ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ์—๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ
03:21
more hours of video on Youtube than there were when I started,
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์•ฝ 864์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์˜์ƒ์ด
03:25
and two and a half million more photos on Facebook and Instagram than when I started.
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ๊ณผ ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ์—๋Š” 2๋ฐฑ5์‹ญ๋งŒ์žฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ๋” ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
So it's an interesting position to be in as a journalist,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ ธ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์ ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
03:32
because we should have access to everything.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ ธ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:35
Any event that happens anywhere in the world, I should be able to know about it
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์„ธ์ƒ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋“  ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
03:38
pretty much instantaneously, as it happens, for free.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฌด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
And that goes for every single person in this room.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์žฅ์— ๊ณ„์‹  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€์š”.
03:45
The only problem is, when you have that much information,
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
03:47
you have to find the good stuff, and that can be
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์“ธ๋ชจ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
03:50
incredibly difficult when you're dealing with those volumes.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
03:52
And nowhere was this brought home more than during
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ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ ์ƒŒ๋””๊ฐ€ ์™”์„ ๋•Œ ์ง‘์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:54
Hurricane Sandy. So what you had in Hurricane Sandy was
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ํ—ˆ๋ ˆ์ผ€์ธ ์ƒŒ๋””๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ํญํ’์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:57
a superstorm, the likes of which we hadn't seen for a long time,
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์˜ค๋žœ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ณด์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ํญํ’์ด
04:00
hitting the iPhone capital of the universe -- (Laughter) --
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์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์•„์ดํฐ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํƒ€ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. -- (์›ƒ์Œ)
04:03
and you got volumes of media like we'd never seen before.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ด์ œ๊ป ๋ณด์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ •๋„ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋งค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
And that meant that journalists had to deal with fakes,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ธ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์งœ์™€ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
so we had to deal with old photos that were being reposted.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ ธ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠฟ์€ ์ด์ „์— ๊ฒŒ์ œ๋๋˜ ์˜›๋‚  ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๊ณจ๋ผ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
We had to deal with composite images
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ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋œ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
04:15
that were merging photos from previous storms.
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์˜ˆ์ „ ํญํ’๊ณผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ด ๋œ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:18
We had to deal with images from films like "The Day After Tomorrow." (Laughter)
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์ ธ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์€ "The Day After Tomorrow."์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ํ™”์˜ ์˜์ƒ๋„ ๊ณจ๋ผ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
And we had to deal with images that were so realistic
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์ •๋ง ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ ์ด์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์ด ์ง„์งœ์ธ์ง€
04:26
it was nearly difficult to tell if they were real at all.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:33
But joking aside, there were images like this one from Instagram
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๋†๋‹ด์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:37
which was subjected to a grilling by journalists.
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์ ธ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๊ณต์„ธ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์•ผํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:39
They weren't really sure. It was filtered in Instagram.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๊ฑธ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
The lighting was questioned. Everything was questioned about it.
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๊ด‘๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์ฃ . ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์ผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
And it turned out to be true. It was from Avenue C
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ง„์งœ์ž„์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์–ด์š”.
04:46
in downtown Manhattan, which was flooded.
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๋งจํ•˜ํƒ„ ์‹œ๋‚ด์˜ C๋ฒˆ๊ฐ€(่ก—)์— ํ™์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
And the reason that they could tell that it was real
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์งœ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
04:50
was because they could get to the source, and in this case,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์˜ ์ถœ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€
04:53
these guys were New York food bloggers.
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์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€๊ณ  ๋†’์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ
04:55
They were well respected. They were known.
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๋‰ด์š•์˜ ์Œ์‹ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž€๊ฑธ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:57
So this one wasn't a debunk, it was actually something that they could prove.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฆ๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:00
And that was the job of the journalist. It was filtering all this stuff.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ ธ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฑธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด์ฃ .
05:03
And you were, instead of going and finding the information
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๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ , ๋…์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:05
and bringing it back to the reader, you were holding back
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ 
05:08
the stuff that was potentially damaging.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:10
And finding the source becomes more and more important --
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๋ฏฟ์„๋งŒํ•œ ์ถœ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
finding the good source -- and Twitter is where most journalists now go.
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ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ ธ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์ด ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:17
It's like the de facto real-time newswire,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‰ด์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ฒ˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋œ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
05:20
if you know how to use it, because there is so much on Twitter.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋งŒ ์•Œ๋ฉด, ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์—๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:23
And a good example of how useful it can be
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฝค ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„
05:25
but also how difficult was the Egyptian revolution in 2011.
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๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ 2011๋…„ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ํ˜๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
As a non-Arabic speaker, as someone who was looking
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๋น„์•„๋ž๊ณ„๋กœ์„œ, ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ,
05:31
from the outside, from Dublin,
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๋”๋ธ”๋ฆฐ์—์„œ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ,
05:34
Twitter lists, and lists of good sources,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
05:36
people we could establish were credible, were really important.
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ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ ๋ชฉ๋ก๊ณผ ์ถœ์ฒ˜, ๋‰ด์Šค ์ •๋ณด์›๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
And how do you build a list like that from scratch?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์š”?
05:42
Well, it can be quite difficult, but you have to know what to look for.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ฝค ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
This visualization was done by an Italian academic.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
He's called Andrรฉ Pannison, and he basically
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์•™๋“œ๋ ˆ ํŒจ๋‹ˆ์Šจ(Andrรฉ Pannison)์ด๋ž€ ๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ
05:50
took the Twitter conversation in Tahrir Square
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๊ทธ๋‚  ํƒ€ํžˆ๋ฅด ๊ด‘์žฅ์—์„œ
05:53
on the day that Hosni Mubarak would eventually resign,
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ํ˜ธ์Šค๋‹ˆ ๋ฌด๋ฐ”๋ผํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์ž„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
and the dots you can see are retweets, so when someone
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์ ๋“ค์€ ๋ฆฌํŠธ์œ—์ด์—์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
05:59
retweets a message, a connection is made between two dots,
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๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฆฌํŠธ์œ—ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋‘ ์  ์‚ฌ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:01
and the more times that message is retweeted by other people,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฆฌํŠธ์œ—ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก
06:04
the more you get to see these nodes, these connections being made.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
And it's an amazing way of visualizing the conversation,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„์‹ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—์š”.
06:09
but what you get is hints at who is more interesting
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์–ป๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๊ณ 
06:12
and who is worth investigating.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
And as the conversation grew and grew, it became
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๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ๋” ์ „๊ฐœ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
06:17
more and more lively, and eventually you were left
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋”์šฑ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž—๊ณ 
06:20
with this huge, big, rhythmic pointer of this conversation.
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๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๊ฐ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์ง€์‹œ์„ ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
You could find the nodes, though, and then you went,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๋งˆ๋””๋Š” ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:26
and you go, "Right, I've got to investigate these people.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด.
06:29
These are the ones that are obviously making sense.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์•ผ.
06:30
Let's see who they are."
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ๊นŒ."
06:33
Now in the deluge of information, this is where
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ •๋ณด์†์—์„œ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์ ์ด
06:35
the real-time web gets really interesting for a journalist like myself,
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์ €๊ฐ™์€ ์ ธ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์›น์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
because we have more tools than ever
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ
06:40
to do that kind of investigation.
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์“ธ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:43
And when you start digging into the sources, you can go
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์ถœ์ฒ˜๋“ค์„ ํŒŒํ—ค์น˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด
06:46
further and further than you ever could before.
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์ „์—๋Š” ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋˜ ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ ์  ๋” ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
Sometimes you come across a piece of content that
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์–ด๋–ค ๋•Œ ๊ฑด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์›Œ์„œ
06:52
is so compelling, you want to use it, you're dying to use it,
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๊ผญ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ์ฃฝ์„ ์ง€๊ฒฝ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:55
but you're not 100 percent sure if you can because
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ 100% ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”,
06:58
you don't know if the source is credible.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ถœ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:59
You don't know if it's a scrape. You don't know if it's a re-upload.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ฌ๋ ค์ง„ ์ •๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:01
And you have to do that investigative work.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
And this video, which I'm going to let run through,
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์€, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ณ„์† ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋‘ฌ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:05
was one we discovered a couple of weeks ago.
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ์ „์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
Video: Getting real windy in just a second.
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์˜์ƒ: ๋ช‡ ์ดˆ๋งŒ์— ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
(Rain and wind sounds)
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(๋น„๋ฐ”๋žŒ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
07:16
(Explosion) Oh, shit!
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(ํญ๋ฐœ์Œ) ์ด๋Ÿฐ, ์  ์žฅ!
07:19
Markham Nolan: Okay, so now if you're a news producer, this is something
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๋งˆ์ปด ๋†€๋ž€: ์ข‹์•„์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‰ด์Šค ์ œ์ž‘์ž๋ผ๋ฉด
07:22
you'd love to run with, because obviously, this is gold.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฑธ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ฃ . ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ด๊ฑด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋‰ด์Šค๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:24
You know? This is a fantastic reaction from someone,
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด์ž–์•„์š”.
07:26
very genuine video that they've shot in their back garden.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋’ค๋œฐ์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ์ฐ์€ ์ง„์งœ ์˜์ƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:29
But how do you find if this person, if it's true, if it's faked,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์ฃ ? ์˜์ƒ์ด ์ง„์งœ์ธ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์งœ์ธ์ง€
07:32
or if it's something that's old and that's been reposted?
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ํ˜น์€, ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๋˜ ๊ฑด์ง€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์ฃ ?
07:35
So we set about going to work on this video, and
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ์˜์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
the only thing that we had to go on was the username on the YouTube account.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ ๋ทฐ๋ธŒ ๊ณ„์ •์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋ช…์ด์—์š”.
07:40
There was only one video posted to that account,
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์ด ๊ทธ ๊ณ„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ ค์ง„ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์˜์ƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
07:43
and the username was Rita Krill.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ฆฌํƒ€ ํฌ๋ฆด(Rita Krill)์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:44
And we didn't know if Rita existed or if it was a fake name.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฆฌํƒ€๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ˜น์€ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๊ฐ€์งœ์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
But we started looking, and we used free Internet tools to do so.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:50
The first one was called Spokeo, which allowed us to look for Rita Krills.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์Šคํฌํ‚ค์˜ค(Spokeo)๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์ธ๋ฐ, ๋ฆฌํƒ€ ํฌ๋ฆด์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
So we looked all over the U.S. We found them in New York,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์„ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
07:56
we found them in Pennsylvania, Nevada and Florida.
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๋‰ด์š•, ํŒฌ์‹ค๋ฐ”๋‹ˆ์•„, ๋„ค๋ฐ”๋‹ค, ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:59
So we went and we looked for a second free Internet tool
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
called Wolfram Alpha, and we checked the weather reports
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์šธํ”„๋žจ ์•ŒํŒŒ(Wolfram Alpha)๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์ธ๋ฐ
08:04
for the day in which this video had been uploaded,
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์˜์ƒ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ ค์ง„ ๋‚ ์˜ ๋‚ ์”จ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
and when we went through all those various cities,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ๋งํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋‚ ์”จ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ,
08:08
we found that in Florida, there were thunderstorms and rain on the day.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋‚  ํญํ’์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
So we went to the white pages, and we found,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ถ€ ์ฑ…์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
08:14
we looked through the Rita Krills in the phonebook,
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๋ฆฌํƒ€ ํฌ๋ฆด์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
and we looked through a couple of different addresses,
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๋ช‡๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ 
08:19
and that took us to Google Maps, where we found a house.
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ง‘๋„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
And we found a house with a swimming pool that looked
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๋ฆฌํƒ€๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ง‘๊ณผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ
08:24
remarkably like Rita's. So we went back to the video,
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์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์ฃ . ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€
08:27
and we had to look for clues that we could cross-reference.
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์ƒํ˜ธ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
So if you look in the video, there's the big umbrella,
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์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์šฐ์‚ฐ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:33
there's a white lilo in the pool,
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์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ์—๋Š” ํฐ์ƒ‰ ์—์–ด๋งคํŠธ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:35
there are some unusually rounded edges in the swimming pool,
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์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ์—๋Š” ํŠน์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
08:37
and there's two trees in the background.
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๋’ค๋œฐ์—๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
And we went back to Google Maps, and we looked a little bit closer,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ์ง€๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
and sure enough, there's the white lilo,
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๋„ค ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํฐ์ƒ‰ ์—์–ด๋งคํŠธ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:45
there are the two trees,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ,
08:48
there's the umbrella. It's actually folded in this photo.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ์‚ฐ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ . ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ‘ํ˜€์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Little bit of trickery. And there are the rounded edges on the swimming pool.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ์— ๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
So we were able to call Rita, clear the video,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฆฌํƒ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์ƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์–ด์š”,
08:57
make sure that it had been shot, and then our clients
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์ง์ ‘ ์˜์ƒ์„ ์ฐ์€๊ฑด์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ์•ผ ์ €์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
were delighted because they were able to run it without being worried.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ์—†์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์†กํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:02
Sometimes the search for truth, though,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€
09:04
is a little bit less flippant, and it has much greater consequences.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:08
Syria has been really interesting for us, because obviously
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์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
a lot of the time you're trying to debunk stuff that can be
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
09:14
potentially war crime evidence, so this is where YouTube
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์ „์Ÿ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:17
actually becomes the most important repository
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์ด๋Ÿด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—, ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
09:20
of information about what's going on in the world.
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์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
So this video, I'm not going to show you the whole thing,
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์€, ์ „๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:27
because it's quite gruesome, but you'll hear some of the sounds.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ์˜์ƒ์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์„ฌ๋œฉํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ข€ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
This is from Hama.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜๋งˆ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
09:32
Video: (Shouting)
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์˜์ƒ: (๊ณ ํ•จ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
09:35
And what this video shows, when you watch the whole thing through,
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์‹ค์ œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:39
is bloody bodies being taken out of a pickup truck
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ํ”ผํ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์‹ ์„ ํ”ฝ์—… ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์—์„œ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
09:41
and thrown off a bridge.
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋˜์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
The allegations were that these guys were Muslim Brotherhood
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด "๋ฌด์Šฌ๋ฆผ ๋™ํฌ๋‹จ(Muslim Brotherhood)"์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ํ˜น์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
and they were throwing Syrian Army officers' bodies
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ตฐ ์žฅ๊ต์˜ ์‚ฌ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์œ„์—์„œ ๋˜์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
09:50
off the bridge, and they were cursing and using blasphemous language,
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๋ถˆ๊ฒฝ์Šค๋Ÿฐ ๋ง๋กœ ์ €์ฃผ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
and there were lots of counterclaims about who they were,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง€๋Š”๋Œ€๋กœ
09:55
and whether or not they were what the video said it was.
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ํ–‰๋™ํ–ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
So we talked to some sources in Hama who we had been
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์˜ค๊ฐ€๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋˜
10:01
back and forth with on Twitter, and we asked them about this,
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ํ•˜๋งˆ์˜ ์ •๋ณด์›(ๆบ)๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉฐ ์ด ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
and the bridge was interesting to us because it was something we could identify.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:07
Three different sources said three different things about the bridge.
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3๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ณด์›(ๆบ)๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
They said, one, the bridge doesn't exist.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
10:12
Another one said the bridge does exist, but it's not in Hama. It's somewhere else.
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”, ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•˜๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
10:15
And the third one said, "I think the bridge does exist,
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” "๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
10:18
but the dam upstream of the bridge was closed,
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์œ„์ชฝ ๋ฌผ๊ธธ์ด ๋ง‰ํ˜€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
10:21
so the river should actually have been dry, so this doesn't make sense."
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๊ฐ•์ด ๋ง๋ผ ์žˆ์–ด์—ฌ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฑด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค."๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
So that was the only one that gave us a clue.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์˜€์–ด์š”.
10:27
We looked through the video for other clues.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
We saw the distinctive railings, which we could use.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฒ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฃผ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
We looked at the curbs. The curbs were throwing shadows south,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธธ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๋Œ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋Š” ๋‚จ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:35
so we could tell the bridge was running east-west across the river.
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๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์„ ๋™์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:38
It had black-and-white curbs.
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๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๋Œ์€ ํ‘๋ฐฑ์ด์—ˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
10:40
As we looked at the river itself, you could see there's
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๊ฐ• ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์„œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
10:42
a concrete stone on the west side. There's a cloud of blood.
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์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฒฝ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ 
10:45
That's blood in the river. So the river is flowing
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ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์˜€์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ฐ•๋ฌผ์€
10:46
south to north. That's what that tells me.
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๋‚จ์—์„œ ๋ถ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
And also, as you look away from the bridge,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์ €์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
10:50
there's a divot on the left-hand side of the bank,
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๊ฐ•๊ฐ€์˜ ์™ผ์ชฝ ํŽธ์—๋Š” ๋œฏ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์ž๊ตญ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
10:52
and the river narrows.
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๊ฐ• ํญ์ด ์ข์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
So onto Google Maps we go, and we start
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ์ง€๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ,
10:57
looking through literally every single bridge.
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
We go to the dam that we talked about, we start just
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์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋Œ๋„ ๋ดค๊ณ , ๊ธธ์ด ๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š”
11:03
literally going through every time that road crosses the river,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
crossing off the bridges that don't match.
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์™€๋Š” ๋งž์ง€์•Š๋Š” ๊ณณ๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฃผ์‹œํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:08
We're looking for one that crosses east-west.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋™์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
And we get to Hama. We get all the way from the dam
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋งˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ›“์–ด๋ดค์–ด์š”. ๋Œ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋งˆ๊นŒ์ง€
11:12
to Hama and there's no bridge.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธธ์„ ๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:14
So we go a bit further. We switch to the satellite view,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„์„ฑ ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ๋„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์ž
11:16
and we find another bridge, and everything starts to line up.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒŒ ๋ผ์›Œ ๋งž์ถฐ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:19
The bridge looks like it's crossing the river east to west.
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์„ ๋™์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ณด์˜€์–ด์š”.
11:22
So this could be our bridge. And we zoom right in.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ . ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
We start to see that it's got a median, so it's a two-lane bridge.
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์ค‘์•™์„ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ 2์ฐจ์„  ๊ธธ์ธ์ง€ ์ฐพ์•„๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
And it's got the black-and-white curbs that we saw in the video,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๊ทธ ๊ธธ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ดค๋˜ ํ‘๋ฐฑ์˜ ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
and as we click through it, you can see someone's
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์ž, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋„์— ๋งž๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์„
11:34
uploaded photos to go with the map, which is very handy,
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์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋‘์—ˆ๋”๊ตฐ์š”., ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์•„์ฃผ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ํŽธํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:37
so we click into the photos. And the photos start showing us
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•ด ๋ดค์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ์‚ฌ์ง„์—๋Š”
11:40
more detail that we can cross-reference with the video.
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๋” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์˜์ƒ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
The first thing that we see is we see black-and-white curbing,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‘๋ฐฑ ๋ณด์„œ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ์ด์—ˆ๊ตฌ์š”,
11:46
which is handy because we've seen that before.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ข‹์ฃ , ์ด๋ฏธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ดค๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:48
We see the distinctive railing that we saw the guys
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ๋„ˆ๋จธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋˜์กŒ๋˜ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ฒ ์ฑ…๋„
11:52
throwing the bodies over.
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๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
And we keep going through it until we're certain that this is our bridge.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”
11:57
So what does that tell me? I've got to go back now
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •๋ณด์›(ๆบ)์œผ๋กœ
11:58
to my three sources and look at what they told me:
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๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
12:00
the one who said the bridge didn't exist,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ,
12:02
the one who said the bridge wasn't in Hama,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋งˆ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ,
12:04
and the one guy who said, "Yes, the bridge does exist, but I'm not sure about the water levels."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ "๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋†’์ด๊ฐ€ ์ด์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:08
Number three is looking like the most truthful all of a sudden,
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง„์‹ค์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ 
12:11
and we've been able to find that out using some free Internet tools
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
sitting in a cubicle in an office in Dublin
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๋”๋ธ”๋ฆฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ
12:17
in the space of 20 minutes.
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20๋ถ„๋งŒ์— ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
12:18
And that's part of the joy of this. Although the web
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์จ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์—์š”.
12:21
is running like a torrent, there's so much information there
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์›น์€ ๊ธ‰๋ฅ˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
12:24
that it's incredibly hard to sift and getting harder every day,
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ๋˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
if you use them intelligently, you can find out incredible information.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด, ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:31
Given a couple of clues, I could probably find out
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ์„œ๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์•„๋งˆ
12:33
a lot of things about most of you in the audience that you might not like me finding out.
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์ฒญ์ค‘ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„์—์š”.
12:36
But what it tells me is that, at a time when
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š”,
12:40
there's more -- there's a greater abundance of information than there ever has been,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„์ˆ˜๋ก -- ์ด์ œ๊ป ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฒ ์ฃ ,
12:44
it's harder to filter, we have greater tools.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ฑธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
We have free Internet tools that allow us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”
12:48
help us do this kind of investigation.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
We have algorithms that are smarter than ever before,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๊ณผ
12:52
and computers that are quicker than ever before.
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์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
But here's the thing. Algorithms are rules. They're binary.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ด๋ถ„์ ์ด์—์š”.
12:58
They're yes or no, they're black or white.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ƒ, ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰์ธ์ง€ ํฐ์ƒ‰์ธ์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
Truth is never binary. Truth is a value.
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์ง„์‹ค์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ด๋ถ„์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„์‹ค์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
13:03
Truth is emotional, it's fluid, and above all, it's human.
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์ง„์‹ค์€ ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ ์ด๊ณ , ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ง„์‹ค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
13:08
No matter how quick we get with computers, no matter
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋„,
13:10
how much information we have, you'll never be able
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๋˜ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋„,
13:12
to remove the human from the truth-seeking exercise,
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์ง„์‹ค์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์ ์—…์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
because in the end, it is a uniquely human trait.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ํŠน์ •์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž์ทจ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
13:19
Thanks very much. (Applause)
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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