How we can face the future without fear, together | Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks

278,201 views ใƒป 2017-07-26

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Lalla Khadija Tigha ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Riyad Almubarak
00:12
"These are the times,"
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"ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ุจุฉุŒ
00:15
said Thomas Paine,
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ูƒู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ ุทูˆู…ุงุณ ุจูŠู†ุŒ
00:17
"that try men's souls."
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ุชุญู† ุฃุฑูˆุงุญ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ."
00:19
And they're trying ours now.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชู…ุชุญู† ุฃุฑูˆุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุขู†.
00:21
This is a fateful moment in the history of the West.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุญุธุฉ ู…ุตูŠุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ.
00:25
We've seen divisive elections and divided societies.
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ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ุงู†ุชุฎุงุจุงุช ูˆู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ู…ู†ู‚ุณู…ุฉ.
00:31
We've seen a growth of extremism
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ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ุชุฒุงูŠุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุทุฑู
00:33
in politics and religion,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุŒ
00:36
all of it fueled by anxiety, uncertainty and fear,
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ุชุฐูƒูŠู‡ุง ุดุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ู‚ ูˆุงู„ุดูƒ ูˆุงู„ุฎูˆูุŒ
00:40
of a world that's changing almost faster than we can bear,
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ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู…ุง ู†ุชุญู…ู„ุŒ
00:46
and the sure knowledge that it's going to change faster still.
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ูˆุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ูŠู‚ูŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ ุณูŠุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑ.
00:51
I have a friend in Washington.
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ู„ุฏูŠ ุตุฏูŠู‚ ููŠ ูˆุงุดู†ุทู†.
00:52
I asked him, what was it like being in America
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ุณุฃู„ุชู‡ุŒ ู…ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠู‡ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง
00:54
during the recent presidential election?
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ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฎุงุจุงุช ุงู„ุฑุฆุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉุŸ
00:58
He said to me, "Well,
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ูู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠ: "ุญุณู†ุŒ
01:00
it was like the man
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุดุจู‡ ุจุฑุฌู„
01:03
sitting on the deck of the Titanic
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ุฌุงู„ุณู ุนู„ู‰ ุฏูุฉ ุณููŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูƒ
01:06
with a glass of whiskey in his hand
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ูˆููŠ ูŠุฏู‡ ูƒุฃุณ ูˆูŠุณูƒูŠ
01:10
and he's saying, 'I know I asked for ice --
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ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„: "ุฃุนุฑู ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุทู„ุจุช ุซู„ุฌู‹ุง --
01:13
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
01:19
but this is ridiculous.'"
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ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุชุงูู‡."
01:23
So is there something we can do,
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ู„ุฐุง ู‡ู„ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู…ุฑ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุŒ
01:26
each of us,
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ูƒู„ ู…ู†ุงุŒ
01:29
to be able to face the future without fear?
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ู„ูƒูŠ ู†ุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุฏูˆู† ุฎูˆูุŸ
01:32
I think there is.
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ.
01:34
And one way into it is to see
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ูˆุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ
01:36
that perhaps the most simple way into a culture and into an age
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ุฃู†ู‡ ุฑุจู…ุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู„ูู‡ู… ุซู‚ุงูุฉ ุฃูˆ ูู‡ู… ุนุตุฑ
01:42
is to ask: What do people worship?
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุชุณุฃู„: ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุนุจุฏู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŸ
01:45
People have worshipped so many different things --
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ูŠุนุจุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ --
01:48
the sun, the stars, the storm.
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ุงู„ุดู…ุณุŒ ุงู„ู†ุฌูˆู…ุŒ ุงู„ุนุงุตูุฉ.
01:50
Some people worship many gods, some one, some none.
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ู‚ุฏ ูŠุนุจุฏ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนุฏุฉ ุขู„ู‡ุฉุŒ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุฅู„ู‡ู‹ุง ูˆุงุญุฏู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุจุนุถู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุนุจุฏ ุฃูŠ ุฅู„ู‡
01:54
In the 19th and 20th centuries,
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ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู†ูŠู† 19 ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฑู† 20ุŒ
01:57
people worshipped the nation,
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ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุนุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฉุŒ
01:59
the Aryan race, the communist state.
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ุณุจุงู‚ ุฃุฑูŠุงู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠูˆุนูŠุฉ.
02:02
What do we worship?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ุนุจุฏ ู†ุญู†ุŸ
02:05
I think future anthropologists
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
02:08
will take a look at the books we read
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ุณูŠู†ุธุฑูˆู† ู„ู„ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ู‚ุฑุฃ
02:11
on self-help, self-realization,
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ุนู† ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฐุงุชุŒ ุฅุฏุฑุงูƒ ุงู„ุฐุงุชุŒ
02:14
self-esteem.
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ุงู„ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠ.
02:16
They'll look at the way we talk about morality
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ุณูŠุฑูˆู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุจู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚
02:19
as being true to oneself,
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ุนู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุก ุตุงุฏู‚ู‹ุง ู…ุน ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ
02:21
the way we talk about politics
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ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุจู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ
02:23
as a matter of individual rights,
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ูƒุญู‚ ูุฑุฏูŠ
02:26
and they'll look at this wonderful new religious ritual we have created.
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ูˆุณูŠู†ุธุฑูˆู† ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทู‚ูˆุณ ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุญุชุฏุซู†ุงู‡ุง.
02:31
You know the one?
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ู‡ู„ ุชุนุฑููˆู†ู‡ุงุŸ
02:33
Called the "selfie."
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ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ุงุฉ " ุงู„ุณู„ููŠ."
02:36
And I think they'll conclude that what we worship in our time
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุณูŠุฎู„ุตูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ู…ุง ู†ุนุจุฏู‡ ููŠ ุฒู…ุงู†ู†ุง
02:39
is the self, the me, the I.
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ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฐุงุชุŒ ุงู„ุฃู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ู†ูุณุŒ
02:43
And this is great.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุธูŠู….
02:45
It's liberating. It's empowering. It's wonderful.
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ูู‡ุฐุง ูŠุดุนุฑูƒ ุจุงู„ุชุญุฑุฑุŒุจ ุงู„ุชู…ูƒูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฑุงุฆุน.
02:49
But don't forget that biologically, we're social animals.
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู†ุณู‰ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠู‹ุง ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ.
02:55
We've spent most of our evolutionary history
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ูู‚ุฏ ู‚ุถูŠู†ุง ู…ุนุธู… ุชุงุฑูŠุฎู†ุง ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑูŠ
02:58
in small groups.
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ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ.
03:00
We need those face-to-face interactions
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ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู„ู„ุชูุงุนู„ ูˆุฌู‡ู‹ุง ู„ูˆุฌู‡
03:04
where we learn the choreography of altruism
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ุญูŠุซ ุณู†ุชุนู„ู… ุฌู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅูŠุซุงุฑ
03:08
and where we create those spiritual goods
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ูˆู†ุฎู„ู‚ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ูŠุฏุฉ
03:11
like friendship and trust and loyalty and love
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ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุตุฏุงู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุซู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู„ูˆูุงุก ูˆุงู„ุญุจ
03:16
that redeem our solitude.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู† ูˆุญุฏุชู†ุง.
03:19
When we have too much of the "I" and too little of the "we,"
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ุญูŠู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† "ุงู„ุฃู†ุง" ูˆุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† "ู†ุญู†ุŒ"
03:23
we can find ourselves vulnerable,
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ุณู†ุฌุฏ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ุถุนูุงุกุŒ
03:26
fearful and alone.
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ุฎุงุฆููŠู† ูˆูˆุญูŠุฏูŠู†.
03:28
It was no accident that Sherry Turkle of MIT
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ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุตุฏูุฉ ุฃู† ุณู…ุช ุดูŠุฑูŠ ุชุฑูƒู„ ู…ู† ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุฅู… ุขูŠ ุชูŠ
03:31
called the book she wrote on the impact of social media
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ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃู„ูุชู‡ ุนู† ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ
03:35
"Alone Together."
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" ูˆุญูŠุฏูˆู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถู†ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ."
03:38
So I think the simplest way of safeguarding the future "you"
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู„ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ "ุฃู†ุช" ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ูŠ
03:43
is to strengthen the future "us"
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆูŠ "ู†ุญู†" ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
03:46
in three dimensions:
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุจุนุงุฏ:
03:47
the us of relationship,
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"ู†ุญู†" ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช
03:49
the us of identity
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"ู†ุญู†" ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู‡ูˆูŠุฉุŒ
03:51
and the us of responsibility.
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ูˆ"ู†ุญู†" ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠุฉ.
03:53
So let me first take the us of relationship.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ุง ุฃุชุทุฑู‚ ู„ "ู†ุญู†" ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช.
03:56
And here, forgive me if I get personal.
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ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุณุงู…ุญูˆู†ูŠ ุฅู† ุชุญุฏุซุช ุนู† ุฃู…ุฑ ุดุฎุตูŠ.
03:59
Once upon a time,
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ูƒุงู† ูŠุง ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุŒ
04:01
a very long time ago,
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ู‚ุจู„ ุฒู…ู† ุทูˆูŠู„ุŒ
04:04
I was a 20-year-old undergraduate
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ูƒู†ุช ุทุงู„ุจู‹ุง ุฃุจู„ุบ 20 ุณู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุนู…ุฑูŠุŒ
04:06
studying philosophy.
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ุฃุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ูู„ุณูุฉ.
04:08
I was into Nietzsche and Schopenhauer and Sartre and Camus.
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ูƒู†ุช ู…ุบุฑู…ุง ุจูƒุชุงุจุงุช ู†ูŠุชุดู‡ ูˆุดูˆุจู†ูˆู‡ุฑ ูˆุณุงุฑุชุฑ ูˆูƒุงู…ูˆ.
04:12
I was full of ontological uncertainty
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ูƒู†ุช ู…ูุนู…ู‹ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒ
04:16
and existential angst.
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ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠุฉ.
04:18
It was terrific.
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ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุฐู‡ู„ู‹ุง.
04:20
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
04:21
I was self-obsessed and thoroughly unpleasant to know,
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ูƒู†ุช ู…ู‡ูˆูˆุณู‹ุง ุจุฐุงุชูŠุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ุฃู† ุฃุนุฑูุŒ
04:25
until one day I saw
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ุญุชู‰ ุฌุงุก ูŠูˆู… ุฑุฃูŠุช ููŠู‡
04:27
across the courtyard
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ููŠ ูู†ุงุก ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
04:29
a girl
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ูุชุงุฉู‹
04:31
who was everything that I wasn't.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู„ู… ุฃูƒู†ู‡.
04:34
She radiated sunshine.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุดุน ู†ูˆุฑู‹ุง.
04:36
She emanated joy.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุดุน ูุฑุญู‹ุง.
04:40
I found out her name was Elaine.
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ุนุฑูุช ุฃู† ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ูƒุงู† ุฅู„ูŠู†.
04:42
We met. We talked.
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ุงู„ุชู‚ูŠู†ุง. ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง.
04:43
We married.
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ุชุฒูˆุฌู†ุง.
04:45
And 47 years, three children and eight grandchildren later,
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ูˆุจุนุฏ47 ุณู†ุฉุŒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุทูุงู„ ูˆุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุญูุฏุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
04:49
I can safely say
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ูˆุฃู†ุง ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏ
04:51
it was the best decision I ever took in my life,
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ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฃูุถู„ ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุงุชุฎุฐุชู‡ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชูŠุŒ
04:54
because it's the people not like us
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ุนู†ุง
04:57
that make us grow.
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ู‡ู… ู…ู† ูŠุฌุนู„ูˆู†ู†ุง ู†ุชุทูˆุฑ.
05:00
And that is why I think
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ูˆู„ู‡ุฐุง ูุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ
05:03
we have to do just that.
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ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูุนู„ู‡ ูุญุณุจ.
05:05
The trouble with Google filters,
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ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ ู…ุน ูู„ุชุฑุงุช ุบูˆุบู„ุŒ
05:07
Facebook friends
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ูˆุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุก ุงู„ูุงูŠุณุจูˆูƒ
05:09
and reading the news by narrowcasting rather than broadcasting
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ูˆู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุถูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ุขูุงู‚ุŒ ุนูƒุณ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณุนุฉ ู„ุขูุงู‚.
05:13
means that we're surrounded almost entirely by people like us
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู…ุญุงุทูˆู† ูƒู„ูŠุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจุฃุดุฎุงุต ูŠุดุจู‡ูˆู†ู†ุง
05:18
whose views, whose opinions, whose prejudices, even,
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ู…ู…ู† ูˆุฌู‡ุงุช ู†ุธุฑู‡ู… ูˆุขุฑุงุคู‡ู… ูˆุญุชู‰ ุฃุญูƒุงู…ู‡ู…
05:22
are just like ours.
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ู…ู…ุงุซู„ุฉ ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง.
05:24
And Cass Sunstein of Harvard has shown
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุจูŠู† ูƒุงุณ ุณูˆุณุชุงูŠู† ู…ู† ู‡ุงุฑูุงุฑุฏ
05:26
that if we surround ourselves with people with the same views as us,
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ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฅู† ุฃุญุทู†ุง ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ุจุฃุดุฎุงุต ู…ู…ู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ูˆุฌู‡ุงุช ู†ุธุฑู†ุงุŒ
05:31
we get more extreme.
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ูุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุตุจุญ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชุทุฑูู‹ุง.
05:34
I think we need to renew those face-to-face encounters
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฌุฏุฏ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ูˆุฌู‡ู‹ุง ู„ูˆุฌู‡
05:38
with the people not like us.
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ู…ุน ู…ู† ู‡ู… ู„ูŠุณูˆุง ู…ุซู„ู†ุง.
05:41
I think we need to do that
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุฐุง
05:43
in order to realize that we can disagree strongly
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ู„ูƒูŠ ู†ุฏุฑูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฎุชู„ู ุจู‚ูˆุฉ
05:47
and yet still stay friends.
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุธู„ ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุกู‹
05:50
It's in those face-to-face encounters
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ุฅุฐ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ูˆุฌู‡ู‹ุง ู„ูˆุฌู‡
05:52
that we discover that the people not like us
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ู†ุฏุฑูƒ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ูŠุณูˆุง ู…ุซู„ู†ุง
05:56
are just people, like us.
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ู‡ู… ุฃุดุฎุงุตุŒ ู…ุซู„ู†ุง ูุญุณุจ.
06:00
And actually, every time
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ
06:03
we hold out the hand of friendship
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ู†ู…ุฏ ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุตุฏุงู‚ุฉ
06:05
to somebody not like us,
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ู„ุดุฎุต ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุซู„ู†ุงุŒ
06:07
whose class or creed or color are different from ours,
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ู…ู…ู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุทุจู‚ุชู‡ ุฃูˆ ุนู‚ูŠุฏุชู‡ ุฃูˆ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ู…ุฎุชู„ูู‹ุง ุนู†ุงุŒ
06:13
we heal
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ูุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุฏุงูˆูŠ
06:15
one of the fractures
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ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุณูˆุฑ
06:17
of our wounded world.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูƒูˆูƒุจู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑูˆุญ.
06:19
That is the us of relationship.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ "ู†ุญู†" ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช.
06:21
Second is the us of identity.
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ุซุงู†ูŠู‹ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ุญู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู‡ูˆูŠุฉ.
06:25
Let me give you a thought experiment.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฃุนุทูƒู… ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ
06:28
Have you been to Washington? Have you seen the memorials?
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ู‡ู„ ุณุจู‚ ุฃู† ุฐู‡ุจุชู… ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุงุดู†ุทู†ุŸ ู‡ู„ ุฑุฃูŠุชู… ุงู„ู†ุตุจ ุงู„ุชุฐูƒุงุฑูŠุฉุŸ
06:30
Absolutely fascinating.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฐู‡ู„ุฉ ุญู‚ู‹ุง.
06:32
There's the Lincoln Memorial:
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ุตุจ ู„ูŠู†ูƒูˆู„ู†:
06:34
Gettysburg Address on one side, Second Inaugural on the other.
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ุฎุทุงุจ ุฌูŠุชูŠุณุจูˆุฑุบ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุงูุชุชุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ.
06:38
You go to the Jefferson Memorial,
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ุชุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุตุจ ุฌูŠูุฑุณูˆู†ุŒ
06:40
screeds of text.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
06:42
Martin Luther King Memorial,
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ู†ุตุจ ู…ุงุฑุชู† ู„ูˆุซุฑ ูƒูŠู†ุบุŒ
06:44
more than a dozen quotes from his speeches.
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ุนุดุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุฃู‚ูˆุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุชุจุณุฉ ู…ู† ุฎุทุงุจุงุชู‡.
06:46
I didn't realize, in America you read memorials.
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ู„ู… ุฃูƒู† ุฃุฏุฑูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุชู‚ุฑุคูˆู† ุงู„ู†ุตุจ ุงู„ุชุฐูƒุงุฑูŠุฉ.
06:51
Now go to the equivalent in London in Parliament Square
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ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุงูŠูˆุงุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ู„ู†ุฏู† ููŠ ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑู„ู…ุงู†
06:55
and you will see that the monument to David Lloyd George
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ูˆุณุชุฑู‰ ุฃู† ู†ุตุจ ุฏูŠููŠุฏ ู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุฌูˆุฑุฌ
06:58
contains three words:
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ูŠุชุถู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช:
07:00
David Lloyd George.
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ุฏูŠููŠุฏ ู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุฌูˆุฑุฌ.
07:03
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
07:05
Nelson Mandela gets two.
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ุญุตู„ ู†ู„ุณูˆู† ู…ุงู†ุฏูŠู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู†.
07:07
Churchill gets just one:
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ุดุฑุดูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ:
07:09
Churchill.
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ุดุฑุดูŠู„.
07:10
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
07:12
Why the difference? I'll tell you why the difference.
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฑู‚ุŸ ุณุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู… ุณุจุจ ุงู„ูุฑู‚.
07:14
Because America was from the outset a nation of wave after wave of immigrants,
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ู„ุฃู† ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุชุดูƒู„ุช ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ู…ู† ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุชู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู†.
07:18
so it had to create an identity
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ููƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชุฎู„ู‚ ู‡ูˆูŠุฉ
07:21
which it did by telling a story
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ูƒู…ุง ูุนู„ุช ุจุฃู† ุชุฑูˆูŠ ู‚ุตุฉ
07:23
which you learned at school, you read on memorials
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ุชุชุนู„ู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŒ ูˆุชู‚ุฑุคู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุตุจ
07:26
and you heard repeated in presidential inaugural addresses.
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ูˆุชุณู…ุนู‡ุง ู…ุฑุงุฑู‹ุง ููŠ ุฎุทุงุจุงุช ุงู„ุงูุชุชุงุญ ุงู„ุฑุฆุงุณูŠุฉ
07:30
Britain until recently wasn't a nation of immigrants,
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ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆู‚ุช ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุฃู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑูŠู†
07:33
so it could take identity for granted.
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ู„ุฐุง ูู‚ุฏ ุฃุฎุฐุช ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู‡ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ุงุช.
07:35
The trouble is now
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ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ ู‡ู†ุง
07:38
that two things have happened which shouldn't have happened together.
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ุฃู† ุฃู…ุฑูŠู† ุญุฏุซุงุŒ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…ุง ุฃู† ูŠุญุฏุซุง ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู†
07:42
The first thing is in the West we've stopped telling this story
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฃู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ ุชูˆู‚ูู†ุง ุนู† ุฑูˆุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ
07:45
of who we are and why,
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ุนู† ู…ู† ู†ูƒูˆู†ุŒ ูˆู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŒ
07:47
even in America.
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ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง.
07:49
And at the same time,
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ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ
07:50
immigration is higher than it's ever been before.
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ุฃู† ุงู„ู‡ุฌุฑุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุถู‰.
07:55
So when you tell a story and your identity is strong,
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ุฅุฐู‹ุง ุญูŠู†ู…ุง ุชุฑูˆูŠ ู‚ุตุชูƒ ูˆู‡ูˆูŠุชูƒ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉุŒ
07:59
you can welcome the stranger,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฑุญุจ ุจุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจุŒ
08:01
but when you stop telling the story,
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ู„ูƒู† ุญูŠู† ุชุชูˆู‚ู ุนู† ุฑูˆุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉุŒ
08:03
your identity gets weak
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ุชุถุนู ู‡ูˆูŠุชูƒ
08:05
and you feel threatened by the stranger.
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ูˆุชุดุนุฑ ุฃู†ูƒ ู…ู‡ุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุทุฑู ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจ.
08:08
And that's bad.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑ ุณูŠุก.
08:10
I tell you, Jews have been scattered and dispersed and exiled for 2,000 years.
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ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู…ุŒ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูŠู‡ูˆุฏ ู…ุดุชุชูŠู† ูˆู…ู†ููŠู† ุทูˆุงู„ 2000 ุณู†ุฉ.
08:16
We never lost our identity.
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ู„ู… ู†ูู‚ุฏ ู‡ูˆูŠุชู†ุง ู‚ุท.
08:18
Why? Because at least once a year,
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉุŒ
08:20
on the festival of Passover,
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ููŠ ู…ู‡ุฑุฌุงู† ุจุงุณูˆูุฑุŒ
08:22
we told our story and we taught it to our children
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ู†ุฑูˆูŠ ู‚ุตุชู†ุง ูˆู†ุนู„ู…ู‡ุง ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ู†ุง
08:25
and we ate the unleavened bread of affliction
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ูˆุฃูƒู„ู†ุง ุฎุจุฒ ุงู„ู…ุญู†ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฎู…ุฑ
08:27
and tasted the bitter herbs of slavery.
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ูˆุชุฐูˆู‚ู†ุง ุฃุนุดุงุจ ุงู„ุนุจูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ.
08:30
So we never lost our identity.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู„ู… ู†ูู‚ุฏ ู‡ูˆูŠุชู†ุง ุฃุจุฏู‹ุง.
08:32
I think collectively
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฌู…ุงุนูŠู‹ุง
08:33
we've got to get back to telling our story,
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ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุนูˆุฏ ู„ู†ุญูƒูŠ ู‚ุตุชู†ุงุŒ
08:36
who we are, where we came from,
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ู…ู† ู†ุญู†ุŒ ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ุฃุชูŠู†ุงุŒ
08:38
what ideals by which we live.
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ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุนูŠุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง.
08:42
And if that happens,
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ุญุฏุซ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ
08:44
we will become strong enough
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ุณู†ูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ูˆูŠุงุก ุจู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠ
08:46
to welcome the stranger and say,
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ู„ู†ุฑุญุจ ุจุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจ ูˆู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ุŒ
08:49
"Come and share our lives,
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" ุชุนุงู„ ูˆู„ู†ุชู‚ุงุณู… ุญูŠุงุชู†ุงุŒ
08:52
share our stories,
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ูˆู†ุชู‚ุงุณู… ู‚ุตุตู†ุงุŒ
08:54
share our aspirations and dreams."
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ูˆู†ุชู‚ุงุณู… ุฃู‡ุฏุงูู†ุง ูˆุฃุญู„ุงู…ู†ุง."
08:58
That is the us of identity.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ "ู†ุญู†" ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู‡ูˆูŠุฉ.
09:00
And finally, the us of responsibility.
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ูˆุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุงุŒ "ู†ุญู†" ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠุฉ.
09:04
Do you know something?
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ู‡ู„ ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุฃู…ุฑู‹ุงุŸ
09:05
My favorite phrase in all of politics,
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ุฌู…ู„ุชูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุถู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุงุŒ
09:08
very American phrase,
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ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ
09:11
is: "We the people."
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ู‡ูŠ"ู†ุญู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ."
09:14
Why "we the people?"
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง "ู†ุญู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŸ"
09:16
Because it says that we all share collective responsibility
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุชู‚ุงุณู… ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนูŠุฉ
09:21
for our collective future.
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ุจุฎุตูˆุต ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนูŠ.
09:23
And that's how things really are and should be.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุณูŠุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ูุนู„ู‹ุง.
09:27
Have you noticed how magical thinking
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ู‡ู„ ู„ุงุญุธุชู… ูƒูŠู ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณุญุฑูŠ
09:31
has taken over our politics?
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ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุณูŠุงุณุงุชู†ุงุŸ
09:34
So we say, all you've got to do is elect this strong leader
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ููƒู„ ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุงุนู„ูŠูƒ ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุชู†ุชุฎุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฒุนูŠู… ุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠ
09:40
and he or she will solve all our problems for us.
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ูˆุณูŠู‚ูˆู… ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุจุญู„ ูƒู„ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ู†ุง.
09:46
Believe me, that is magical thinking.
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ุตุฏู‚ูˆู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณุญุฑูŠ.
09:51
And then we get the extremes:
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ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุชุทุฑูุงุช:
09:52
the far right, the far left,
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ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุชุทุฑู ูˆุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชุทุฑูุŒ
09:55
the extreme religious and the extreme anti-religious,
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ุงู„ู…ุชุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุชุทุฑู ูˆุงู„ู„ุงุฏูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุทุฑูุŒ
09:59
the far right dreaming of a golden age that never was,
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ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุชุทุฑู ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญู„ู… ุจุงู„ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‚ุทุŒ
10:04
the far left dreaming of a utopia that never will be
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ูˆุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชุทุฑู ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญู„ู… ุจุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ูุงุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู† ุชุญุฏุซ ู‚ุทุŒ
10:09
and the religious and anti-religious equally convinced
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุชุฏูŠู†ูˆู† ูˆุงู„ู„ุงุฏูŠู†ูŠูˆู† ู…ู‚ุชู†ุนูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ุณูˆุงุก
10:13
that all it takes is God or the absence of God
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ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู…ุงู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ุฅู„ู‡
10:17
to save us from ourselves.
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ู„ู†ุฎู„ุต ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ู…ู† ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง.
10:20
That, too, is magical thinking,
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ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุณุญุฑูŠุŒ
10:23
because the only people who will save us from ourselves
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุณูŠุฎู„ุตูˆู†ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง
10:28
is we the people,
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ู‡ู… ู†ุญู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ
10:30
all of us together.
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ูƒู„ู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง.
10:33
And when we do that,
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ูˆุญูŠู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุฐุงุŒ
10:36
and when we move from the politics of me
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ูˆุญูŠู†ู…ุง ู†ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุณูŠุงุณุงุช ุงู„ุฃู†ุง
10:40
to the politics of all of us together,
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุณูŠุงุณุงุชู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุงุŒ
10:43
we rediscover those beautiful, counterintuitive truths:
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ุณู†ูƒุชุดู ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุตุต ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ:
10:50
that a nation is strong
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ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ
10:52
when it cares for the weak,
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ุญูŠู† ุชู‡ุชู… ุจุงู„ุถุนูŠูุŒ
10:55
that it becomes rich
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ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุตุจุญ ุบู†ูŠุฉ
10:56
when it cares for the poor,
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ุญูŠู† ุชู‡ุชู… ุจุงู„ูู‚ูŠุฑุŒ
10:59
it becomes invulnerable when it cares about the vulnerable.
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ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุดุฉ ุญูŠู† ุชู‡ุชู… ุจุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ุดุฉ
11:03
That is what makes great nations.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุตู†ุน ุฃู…ู…ู‹ุง ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ.
11:06
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
11:14
So here is my simple suggestion.
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ู„ุฐุง ุฅู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู‚ุชุฑุงุญูŠ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท
11:18
It might just change your life,
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ู‚ุฏ ูŠุบูŠุฑ ุญูŠุงุชูƒู…ุŒ
11:22
and it might just help to begin to change the world.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
11:26
Do a search and replace operation
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ู‚ู… ุจุจุญุซ ูˆุงุณุชุจุฏู„ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
11:30
on the text of your mind,
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ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ููŠ ุฐู‡ู†ูƒุŒ
11:32
and wherever you encounter the word "self,"
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ูˆูƒู„ู…ุง ุตุงุฏูุช ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุฐุงุช"ุŒ
11:36
substitute the word "other."
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ุงุณุชุจุฏู„ู‡ุง ุจูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ."
11:39
So instead of self-help, other-help;
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ูุนูˆุถู‹ุง ุนู† "ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฐุงุช"ุŒ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑุŒ
11:42
instead of self-esteem, other-esteem.
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ุนูˆูŽุถู‹ุง ุนู† ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฐุงุชุŒ ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ.
11:47
And if you do that,
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ูˆุญูŠู† ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ
11:49
you will begin to feel the power
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ุณุชุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจู‚ูˆุฉ
11:52
of what for me is one of the most moving sentences
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ุจู…ุง ูŠุดูƒู„ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ุฅู„ู‡ุงู…ู‹ุง
11:56
in all of religious literature.
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ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุฏุจ ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ูŠ.
11:59
"Though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death,
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"ุฑุบู… ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุณูŠุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ ูˆุงุฏูŠ ุธู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชุŒ
12:04
I will fear no evil,
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ู„ู† ุฃุฎุงู ุงู„ุดุฑุŒ
12:07
for you are with me."
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ู„ุฃู†ูƒ ู…ุนูŠ."
12:10
We can face any future without fear
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ูˆุงุฌู‡ ุฃูŠ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุฏูˆู† ุฎูˆู
12:14
so long as we know
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ุทุงู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู
12:16
we will not face it alone.
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ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ู† ู†ูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ ุจู…ูุฑุฏู†ุง.
12:19
So for the sake of the future "you,"
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ู„ุฐุงุŒ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ "ุฃู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ูŠุŒ"
12:23
together let us strengthen
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ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุงุŒ ูู„ู†ู‚ูˆู‘ู
12:26
the future "us."
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"ู†ุญู†" ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„.
12:29
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู….
12:30
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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