How we can face the future without fear, together | Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks

274,453 views ใƒป 2017-07-26

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers
00:12
"These are the times,"
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"ืืœื” ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื,"
00:15
said Thomas Paine,
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ืืžืจ ืชื•ืžืืก ืคื™ื™ืŸ,
00:17
"that try men's souls."
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"ืฉื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื ืคืฉ ื”ืื“ื."
00:19
And they're trying ours now.
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื ืคืฉื•ืชื™ื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
00:21
This is a fateful moment in the history of the West.
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ื–ื” ืจื’ืข ืžืœื ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘.
00:25
We've seen divisive elections and divided societies.
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ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืคืฆืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืคื•ืฆืœื•ืช.
00:31
We've seen a growth of extremism
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ืจืื™ื ื• ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช
00:33
in politics and religion,
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ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ื“ืช,
00:36
all of it fueled by anxiety, uncertainty and fear,
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ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืชื•ื“ืœืงื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฅ, ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืคื—ื“,
00:40
of a world that's changing almost faster than we can bear,
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืืช,
00:46
and the sure knowledge that it's going to change faster still.
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ื•ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืžื”ืจ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:51
I have a friend in Washington.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ.
00:52
I asked him, what was it like being in America
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื•, ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
00:54
during the recent presidential election?
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช?
00:58
He said to me, "Well,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ,
01:00
it was like the man
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืื™ืฉ
01:03
sitting on the deck of the Titanic
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ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ื ื™ืง
01:06
with a glass of whiskey in his hand
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ืขื ื›ื•ืก ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื‘ื™ื“
01:10
and he's saying, 'I know I asked for ice --
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, 'ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืงืจื— --
01:13
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:19
but this is ridiculous.'"
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžื’ื•ื—ืš.'"
01:23
So is there something we can do,
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ืื– ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
01:26
each of us,
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•,
01:29
to be able to face the future without fear?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ืœื™ ืคื—ื“?
01:32
I think there is.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ.
01:34
And one way into it is to see
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ืœืชื•ืš ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช
01:36
that perhaps the most simple way into a culture and into an age
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื“ื•ืจ
01:42
is to ask: What do people worship?
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ื”ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ: ื‘ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื?
01:45
People have worshipped so many different things --
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื --
01:48
the sun, the stars, the storm.
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ื‘ืฉืžืฉ, ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืกื•ืคื•ืช.
01:50
Some people worship many gods, some one, some none.
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ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืœื™ื, ื›ืžื” ื‘ืื—ื“, ื›ืžื” ื‘ืืฃ ืื—ื“.
01:54
In the 19th and 20th centuries,
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ื‘ืžืื•ืช ื” 19 ื•ื” 20,
01:57
people worshipped the nation,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขืจื™ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช,
01:59
the Aryan race, the communist state.
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ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืืจื™, ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
02:02
What do we worship?
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ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื?
02:05
I think future anthropologists
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“
02:08
will take a look at the books we read
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ื™ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื
02:11
on self-help, self-realization,
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ืขืœ ืขื–ืจื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืฆืžื™,
02:14
self-esteem.
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ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช.
02:16
They'll look at the way we talk about morality
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ื”ื ื™ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื•ืจืœื™ื•ืช
02:19
as being true to oneself,
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ื›ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื›ื,
02:21
the way we talk about politics
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”
02:23
as a matter of individual rights,
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ื›ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช,
02:26
and they'll look at this wonderful new religious ritual we have created.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื”ื“ืชื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื ืคืœื ืฉื™ืฆืจื ื•.
02:31
You know the one?
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ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•?
02:33
Called the "selfie."
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ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื "ืกืœืคื™."
02:36
And I think they'll conclude that what we worship in our time
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื ื™ืกื›ืžื• ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื•
02:39
is the self, the me, the I.
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ื–ื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™, ื”ืื ื™.
02:43
And this is great.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”.
02:45
It's liberating. It's empowering. It's wonderful.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื—ืจืจ. ื–ื” ืžืžืœื ื›ื•ื—. ื–ื” ื ืคืœื.
02:49
But don't forget that biologically, we're social animals.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืฉื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
02:55
We've spent most of our evolutionary history
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ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•
02:58
in small groups.
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ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช.
03:00
We need those face-to-face interactions
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืคื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื
03:04
where we learn the choreography of altruism
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ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืจื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื˜ืจื•ืื™ื–ื
03:08
and where we create those spiritual goods
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ื•ืฉื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
03:11
like friendship and trust and loyalty and love
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ื›ืžื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืืžื•ืŸ ื•ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืื”ื‘ื”
03:16
that redeem our solitude.
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ืฉื’ื•ืืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
03:19
When we have too much of the "I" and too little of the "we,"
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ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืžื”"ืื ื™" ื•ืžืขื˜ ืžื“ื™ ืžื”"ืื ื—ื ื•,"
03:23
we can find ourselves vulnerable,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื,
03:26
fearful and alone.
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ืžืœืื™ ืคื—ื“ ื•ืœื‘ื“.
03:28
It was no accident that Sherry Turkle of MIT
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ื–ื• ืœื ืชืื•ื ื” ืฉืฉืจื™ ื˜ืจืงืœ ืž MIT
03:31
called the book she wrote on the impact of social media
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ืงืจืื” ืœืกืคืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
03:35
"Alone Together."
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"ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ื“."
03:38
So I think the simplest way of safeguarding the future "you"
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ "ืืชื" ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื
03:43
is to strengthen the future "us"
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ื”ื™ื ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช "ืื ื—ื ื•" ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื
03:46
in three dimensions:
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ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื:
03:47
the us of relationship,
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ื”ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื,
03:49
the us of identity
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ื”ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื•ืช
03:51
and the us of responsibility.
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ื•ื”ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช.
03:53
So let me first take the us of relationship.
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ืื– ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื.
03:56
And here, forgive me if I get personal.
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ื•ืคื”, ืชืกืœื—ื• ืœื™ ืื ืื ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื™ืฉื™.
03:59
Once upon a time,
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ืคืขื,
04:01
a very long time ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื,
04:04
I was a 20-year-old undergraduate
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ 20
04:06
studying philosophy.
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ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื”.
04:08
I was into Nietzsche and Schopenhauer and Sartre and Camus.
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ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ื˜ืฉื” ืฉื•ืคื ื”ืื•ืืจ ื•ืกื˜ืจื˜ืจ ื•ืงืืžื•.
04:12
I was full of ontological uncertainty
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืœื ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืื•ื ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™
04:16
and existential angst.
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ื•ื—ืจื“ื” ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช.
04:18
It was terrific.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”.
04:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:21
I was self-obsessed and thoroughly unpleasant to know,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ืขื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ,
04:25
until one day I saw
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ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืจืื™ืชื™
04:27
across the courtyard
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ืฆืจ
04:29
a girl
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ื‘ื—ื•ืจื”
04:31
who was everything that I wasn't.
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™.
04:34
She radiated sunshine.
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ื”ื™ื ืงืจื ื” ืงืจื ื™ ืฉืžืฉ.
04:36
She emanated joy.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื“ืจื” ืื•ืฉืจ.
04:40
I found out her name was Elaine.
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ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉืฉืžื” ืื™ืœื™ื™ืŸ.
04:42
We met. We talked.
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ื ืคื’ืฉื ื•, ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื•.
04:43
We married.
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ื”ืชื—ืชื ื•.
04:45
And 47 years, three children and eight grandchildren later,
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ื• 47 ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื ื›ื“ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:49
I can safely say
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
04:51
it was the best decision I ever took in my life,
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ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™,
04:54
because it's the people not like us
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•
04:57
that make us grow.
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ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ื• ืœืฆืžื•ื—.
05:00
And that is why I think
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘
05:03
we have to do just that.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื–ื”.
05:05
The trouble with Google filters,
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื”ืžืกื ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื’ืœ,
05:07
Facebook friends
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง
05:09
and reading the news by narrowcasting rather than broadcasting
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ื•ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื•ืœื ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”
05:13
means that we're surrounded almost entirely by people like us
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื•
05:18
whose views, whose opinions, whose prejudices, even,
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ืฉื”ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืืคื™ืœื•,
05:22
are just like ours.
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื ื•.
05:24
And Cass Sunstein of Harvard has shown
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ื•ืงืืก ืกืื ืกื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืืจื•ื•ืื“ ื”ืจืื”
05:26
that if we surround ourselves with people with the same views as us,
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ืฉืื ื ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืื•ืชืŸ ื“ืขื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื ื•,
05:31
we get more extreme.
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ื ืขืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื.
05:34
I think we need to renew those face-to-face encounters
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
05:38
with the people not like us.
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ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื›ืžื•ื ื•.
05:41
I think we need to do that
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”
05:43
in order to realize that we can disagree strongly
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื
05:47
and yet still stay friends.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
05:50
It's in those face-to-face encounters
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ืฉื‘ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
05:52
that we discover that the people not like us
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•
05:56
are just people, like us.
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ื”ื ืจืง ืื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื ื•.
06:00
And actually, every time
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืœ ืคืขื
06:03
we hold out the hand of friendship
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื™ื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
06:05
to somebody not like us,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœื ื›ืžื•ื ื•,
06:07
whose class or creed or color are different from ours,
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ืฉื”ืžืขืžื“ ืื• ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฆื‘ืข ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืœื ื•,
06:13
we heal
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื—ื™ื
06:15
one of the fractures
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ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ืจื™ื
06:17
of our wounded world.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคืฆื•ืข ืฉืœื ื•.
06:19
That is the us of relationship.
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ื–ื” ื”ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื.
06:21
Second is the us of identity.
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ืฉื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช.
06:25
Let me give you a thought experiment.
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™.
06:28
Have you been to Washington? Have you seen the memorials?
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ? ื”ืื ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ื”ืื ื“ืจื˜ืื•ืช?
06:30
Absolutely fascinating.
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ืžืžืฉ ืžืจืชืงื•ืช.
06:32
There's the Lincoln Memorial:
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื ื“ืจื˜ืช ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ:
06:34
Gettysburg Address on one side, Second Inaugural on the other.
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ื ืื•ื ื’ื˜ื™ืกื‘ื•ืจื’ ื‘ืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื ืื•ื ื”ื”ืฉื‘ืขื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉื ื™.
06:38
You go to the Jefferson Memorial,
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ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืื ื“ืจื˜ืช ื’'ืคืจืกื•ืŸ,
06:40
screeds of text.
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ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืื•ืžื™ื.
06:42
Martin Luther King Memorial,
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ืื ื“ืจื˜ืช ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืชืจ ืงื™ื ื’,
06:44
more than a dozen quotes from his speeches.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื”ื ืื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื•.
06:46
I didn't realize, in America you read memorials.
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ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™, ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืืชื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืื ื“ืจื˜ืื•ืช.
06:51
Now go to the equivalent in London in Parliament Square
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื›ื• ืœืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜
06:55
and you will see that the monument to David Lloyd George
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ื•ืชืจืื• ืฉื”ืื“ืจื˜ื” ืœื“ื™ื™ื•ื™ื“ ืœื•ื™ื™ื“ ื’'ื•ืจื’'
06:58
contains three words:
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ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื:
07:00
David Lloyd George.
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ื“ื™ื™ื•ื™ื“ ืœื•ื™ื™ื“ ื’'ื•ืจื’'.
07:03
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:05
Nelson Mandela gets two.
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ื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืžื ื“ืœื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉืชื™ื™ื.
07:07
Churchill gets just one:
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ืฆ'ืจืฆ'ื™ืœ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืจืง ืื—ืช:
07:09
Churchill.
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ืฆ'ืจืฆ'ื™ืœ.
07:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:12
Why the difference? I'll tell you why the difference.
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ืœืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ? ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ื“ ืœื”ื ืœืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ.
07:14
Because America was from the outset a nation of wave after wave of immigrants,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื,
07:18
so it had to create an identity
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื–ื”ื•ืช
07:21
which it did by telling a story
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
07:23
which you learned at school, you read on memorials
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ืฉืœืžื“ืชื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ืืชื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ืื ื“ืจื˜ืื•ืช
07:26
and you heard repeated in presidential inaugural addresses.
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ื•ืฉืžืขืชื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื ืื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืขื” ื ืฉื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื.
07:30
Britain until recently wasn't a nation of immigrants,
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ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื,
07:33
so it could take identity for granted.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืงื—ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ืžืืœื™ื”.
07:35
The trouble is now
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
07:38
that two things have happened which shouldn't have happened together.
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ืฉืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช ื™ื—ื“.
07:42
The first thing is in the West we've stopped telling this story
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืคืกืงื ื• ืœืกืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
07:45
of who we are and why,
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ืœืžื”,
07:47
even in America.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
07:49
And at the same time,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
07:50
immigration is higher than it's ever been before.
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ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืื™ ืคืขื.
07:55
So when you tell a story and your identity is strong,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื—ื–ืงื”,
07:59
you can welcome the stranger,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื–ืจ,
08:01
but when you stop telling the story,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
08:03
your identity gets weak
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ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื ื—ืœืฉืช
08:05
and you feel threatened by the stranger.
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ื•ืืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื–ืจ.
08:08
And that's bad.
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ื•ื–ื” ืจืข.
08:10
I tell you, Jews have been scattered and dispersed and exiled for 2,000 years.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืคื•ื–ืจื• ื•ื”ืชืคื–ืจื• ื•ื”ื•ื’ืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืš 2,000 ืฉื ื”.
08:16
We never lost our identity.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
08:18
Why? Because at least once a year,
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ืœืžื”? ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขื ื‘ืฉื ื”,
08:20
on the festival of Passover,
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ื‘ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ืคืกื—,
08:22
we told our story and we taught it to our children
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ืกื™ืคืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœื™ืžื“ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•
08:25
and we ate the unleavened bread of affliction
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ื•ืื›ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืช
08:27
and tasted the bitter herbs of slavery.
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ื•ื˜ืขืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืจื•ืจ.
08:30
So we never lost our identity.
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ืื– ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
08:32
I think collectively
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช
08:33
we've got to get back to telling our story,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืกืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
08:36
who we are, where we came from,
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ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื•, ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื’ืขื ื•,
08:38
what ideals by which we live.
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ืœืคื™ ืื™ื–ื” ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื.
08:42
And if that happens,
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ื•ืื ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”,
08:44
we will become strong enough
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ื ื”ืคื•ืš ืœื—ื–ืงื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง
08:46
to welcome the stranger and say,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื–ืจ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“,
08:49
"Come and share our lives,
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"ื‘ื•ื ืชื—ืœื•ืง ืื™ืชื ื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•,
08:52
share our stories,
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ื—ืœืงื• ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื ื•,
08:54
share our aspirations and dreams."
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ื—ืœืงื• ืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•."
08:58
That is the us of identity.
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ื–ื• ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื—ื ื•.
09:00
And finally, the us of responsibility.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช.
09:04
Do you know something?
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืฉื”ื•?
09:05
My favorite phrase in all of politics,
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ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืขืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”,
09:08
very American phrase,
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ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™,
09:11
is: "We the people."
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ื”ื•ื: "ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื."
09:14
Why "we the people?"
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ืœืžื” "ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื?"
09:16
Because it says that we all share collective responsibility
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช
09:21
for our collective future.
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ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
09:23
And that's how things really are and should be.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
09:27
Have you noticed how magical thinking
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ื”ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ื”ื‘ื—ื ืชื ื‘ืื™ืš ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืงืกื•ืžื”
09:31
has taken over our politics?
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ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”?
09:34
So we say, all you've got to do is elect this strong leader
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ื—ื–ืง ื”ื–ื”
09:40
and he or she will solve all our problems for us.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื• ื”ื™ื ื™ืคืชืจื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•.
09:46
Believe me, that is magical thinking.
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ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™, ื–ื• ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืงืกื•ืžื”.
09:51
And then we get the extremes:
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื:
09:52
the far right, the far left,
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ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™,
09:55
the extreme religious and the extreme anti-religious,
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ื”ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืื ื˜ื™ ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื,
09:59
the far right dreaming of a golden age that never was,
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ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื—ื•ืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื”,
10:04
the far left dreaming of a utopia that never will be
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ื”ืฉืžืืœ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื—ื•ืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื” ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชื”ื™ื”
10:09
and the religious and anti-religious equally convinced
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ื•ื”ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืื ื˜ื™ ื“ืชื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”
10:13
that all it takes is God or the absence of God
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ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ื–ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื• ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
10:17
to save us from ourselves.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืขืฆืžื ื•.
10:20
That, too, is magical thinking,
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ื’ื ื–ื•, ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืงืกื•ืžื”,
10:23
because the only people who will save us from ourselves
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฆื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืขืฆืžื ื•
10:28
is we the people,
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ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื,
10:30
all of us together.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื—ื“.
10:33
And when we do that,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”,
10:36
and when we move from the politics of me
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืื ื™
10:40
to the politics of all of us together,
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ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื—ื“,
10:43
we rediscover those beautiful, counterintuitive truths:
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืื™ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ืคื™ืคื™ื™ื•ืช:
10:50
that a nation is strong
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ืฉืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื”
10:52
when it cares for the weak,
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ื›ืฉืื›ืคืช ืœื” ืžื”ื—ืœืฉ,
10:55
that it becomes rich
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืขืฉื™ืจื”
10:56
when it cares for the poor,
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ื›ืฉืื›ืคืช ืœื” ืžื”ืขื ื™,
10:59
it becomes invulnerable when it cares about the vulnerable.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื›ืฉืื›ืคืช ืœื” ืžื”ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื.
11:03
That is what makes great nations.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ืื•ืžื” ืžืขื•ืœื”.
11:06
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:14
So here is my simple suggestion.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœื™,
11:18
It might just change your life,
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ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชืฉื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ื,
11:22
and it might just help to begin to change the world.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
11:26
Do a search and replace operation
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ืขืฉื• ืคืขื•ืœืช ื—ืคืฉ ื•ื”ื—ืœืฃ
11:30
on the text of your mind,
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ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื›ื,
11:32
and wherever you encounter the word "self,"
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืืชื ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื” "ืขืฆืžื™,"
11:36
substitute the word "other."
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ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘"ืื—ืจ."
11:39
So instead of self-help, other-help;
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ืื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื–ืจื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ืขื–ืจื” ืœืื—ืจ;
11:42
instead of self-esteem, other-esteem.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืœืื—ืจ.
11:47
And if you do that,
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ื•ืื ืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช,
11:49
you will begin to feel the power
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ืชืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—
11:52
of what for me is one of the most moving sentences
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ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื
11:56
in all of religious literature.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ืช.
11:59
"Though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death,
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"ื’ื ื›ื™ ืืœืš ื‘ื’ื™ื ืฆืœืžื•ื•ืช
12:04
I will fear no evil,
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ืœื ืื™ืจื ืจืข
12:07
for you are with me."
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ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืขื™ืžื“ื™."
12:10
We can face any future without fear
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืœื ืคื—ื“
12:14
so long as we know
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ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
12:16
we will not face it alone.
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ืฉืœื ื ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืœื‘ื“ื ื•.
12:19
So for the sake of the future "you,"
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ืื– ืœืžืขืŸ ื”"ืืชื" ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื,
12:23
together let us strengthen
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ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื” ื ื—ื–ืง
12:26
the future "us."
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ืืช ื”"ืื ื—ื ื•" ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
12:29
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
12:30
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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