How we can face the future without fear, together | Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks

Prevoditelj: Sanda L Recezent: Senzos Osijek

"These are the times,"

"Ovo su vremena,"

said Thomas Paine,

rekao je Thomas Paine,

"that try men's souls."

"koja iskušavaju ljudske duše.“

And they're trying ours now.

A naše se iskušavaju upravo sada.

This is a fateful moment in the history of the West.

Ovo je sudbonosan trenutak u povijesti Zapada.

We've seen divisive elections and divided societies.

Vidjeli smo izbore pune razdora i podijeljena društva.

We've seen a growth of extremism

Vidjeli smo porast ekstremizma

in politics and religion,

u politici i religiji,

all of it fueled by anxiety, uncertainty and fear,

sve to popraćeno tjeskobom, neizvjesnošću i strahom

of a world that's changing almost faster than we can bear,

svijeta koji se mijenja gotovo brže nego što možemo podnijeti,

and the sure knowledge that it's going to change faster still.

a ona sigurna znanja još će se brže mijenjati.

I have a friend in Washington.

Imam prijatelja u Washingtonu.

I asked him, what was it like being in America

Pitao sam ga, kako je to bilo biti u Americi

during the recent presidential election?

tijekom nedavnih predsjedničkih izbora.

He said to me, "Well,

Odgovorio mi je, "Pa,

it was like the man

bilo je poput čovjeka,

sitting on the deck of the Titanic

koji sjedi na palubi Titanika,

with a glass of whiskey in his hand

držeći čašu viskija u ruci

and he's saying, 'I know I asked for ice --

i govori, "Znam da sam tražio malo leda...

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

but this is ridiculous.'"

ali ovo je smiješno."

So is there something we can do,

Dakle, postoji li nešto što možemo učiniti,

each of us,

svatko od nas,

to be able to face the future without fear?

kako bismo se suočili s budućnošću bez straha?

I think there is.

Mislim da postoji.

And one way into it is to see

Jedan način za to je shvatiti

that perhaps the most simple way into a culture and into an age

da je možda najjednostavniji način uvida u neku kulturu i razdoblje,

is to ask: What do people worship?

postaviti pitanje: Što ljudi štuju?

People have worshipped so many different things --

Ljudi su štovali razne stvari,

the sun, the stars, the storm.

sunce, zvijezde, oluju.

Some people worship many gods, some one, some none.

Neki ljudi štuju više bogova, neki jednog, neki nijednog.

In the 19th and 20th centuries,

U 19. i 20. stoljeću

people worshipped the nation,

ljudi su štovali naciju,

the Aryan race, the communist state.

arijevsku rasu, komunističku državu.

What do we worship?

Što mi štujemo?

I think future anthropologists

Mislim da će budući antropolozi

will take a look at the books we read

zaviriti u knjige koje čitamo

on self-help, self-realization,

o samopomoći, samoostvarenju,

self-esteem.

samopouzdanju.

They'll look at the way we talk about morality

Promatrat će način na koji govorimo o moralnosti,

as being true to oneself,

kao iskrenosti prema sebi,

the way we talk about politics

kako govorimo o politici,

as a matter of individual rights,

kao o predmetu individualnih prava

and they'll look at this wonderful new religious ritual we have created.

i gledat će ovaj predivan novi religijski ritual koji smo stvorili.

You know the one?

Znate li koji?

Called the "selfie."

Selfi.

And I think they'll conclude that what we worship in our time

Mislim da će zaključiti kako je ono što mi štujemo u našem vremenu

is the self, the me, the I.

sve u vezi "ja".

And this is great.

I to je odlično.

It's liberating. It's empowering. It's wonderful.

To je oslobađajuće, osnažujuće, predivno.

But don't forget that biologically, we're social animals.

No, ne zaboravite da smo, biološki gledano, društvene životinje.

We've spent most of our evolutionary history

Većinu svoje razvojne povijesti

in small groups.

proveli smo u malim grupama.

We need those face-to-face interactions

Trebamo te izravne interakcije,

where we learn the choreography of altruism

gdje učimo kako se odvija altruizam

and where we create those spiritual goods

i gdje stvaramo ta duhovna dobra,

like friendship and trust and loyalty and love

poput prijateljstva i povjerenja, odanosti i ljubavi,

that redeem our solitude.

koji ublažavaju našu samoću.

When we have too much of the "I" and too little of the "we,"

Kada imamo previše "ja", a premalo "mi",

we can find ourselves vulnerable,

možemo se osjetiti ranjivima,

fearful and alone.

plašljivima i samima.

It was no accident that Sherry Turkle of MIT

Nije slučajno da je Sherry Turkle s MIT-a

called the book she wrote on the impact of social media

svoju knjigu o utjecaju društvenih medija nazvala

"Alone Together."

"Sami zajedno".

So I think the simplest way of safeguarding the future "you"

Zato mislim da je najjednostavniji način očuvanja budućeg "vi"

is to strengthen the future "us"

jačanje budućeg "mi"

in three dimensions:

u tri smjera:

the us of relationship,

mi kroz odnose s drugima,

the us of identity

mi kroz identitet

and the us of responsibility.

i mi kroz odgovornost.

So let me first take the us of relationship.

Objasnit ću prvo dio o odnosima s drugima.

And here, forgive me if I get personal.

I ovdje mi oprostite ako ću biti preosoban.

Once upon a time,

Jednom davno,

a very long time ago,

prije vrlo mnogo vremena,

I was a 20-year-old undergraduate

bio sam 20-godišnji student

studying philosophy.

filozofije.

I was into Nietzsche and Schopenhauer and Sartre and Camus.

Proučavao sam Nietzschea, Schopenhauera, Sartrea i Camusa.

I was full of ontological uncertainty

Bio sam pun ontološke nesigurnosti

and existential angst.

i egzistencijalne tjeskobe.

It was terrific.

Bilo je to izvanredno.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I was self-obsessed and thoroughly unpleasant to know,

Bio sam opsjednut sobom i skroz neugodan za upoznavanje,

until one day I saw

sve dok jednog dana nisam vidio

across the courtyard

s druge strane dvorišta

a girl

djevojku

who was everything that I wasn't.

koja je bila sve ono što ja nisam bio.

She radiated sunshine.

Zračila je poput sunca.

She emanated joy.

Širila je radost oko sebe.

I found out her name was Elaine.

Saznao sam da se zove Elaine.

We met. We talked.

Upoznali smo se, popričali.

We married.

I vjenčali.

And 47 years, three children and eight grandchildren later,

47 godina kasnije, nakon troje djece i osmero unučadi,

I can safely say

sa sigurnošću mogu reći,

it was the best decision I ever took in my life,

bila je to moja najbolja odluka u životu,

because it's the people not like us

jer zbog ljudi koji su drugačiji od nas,

that make us grow.

mi rastemo.

And that is why I think

I zato mislim

we have to do just that.

da to moramo učiniti.

The trouble with Google filters,

Google filteri,

Facebook friends

prijatelji s Facebooka,

and reading the news by narrowcasting rather than broadcasting

čitanje filtriranih vijesti umjesto onih široko dostupnih,

means that we're surrounded almost entirely by people like us

znače da smo gotovo posve okruženi ljudima poput nas,

whose views, whose opinions, whose prejudices, even,

čiji su pogledi, mišljenja i predrasude

are just like ours.

jednaki našima.

And Cass Sunstein of Harvard has shown

Cass Sunstein s Harvarda pokazao je

that if we surround ourselves with people with the same views as us,

da ako se okružimo ljudima istih pogleda poput naših,

we get more extreme.

postajemo ekstremniji.

I think we need to renew those face-to-face encounters

Mislim da moramo obnoviti te susrete licem u lice

with the people not like us.

s ljudima koji nisu poput nas.

I think we need to do that

Moramo to učiniti

in order to realize that we can disagree strongly

kako bismo shvatili da se možemo posve ne slagati s nekim,

and yet still stay friends.

a opet ostati prijatelji.

It's in those face-to-face encounters

U tim izravnim susretima

that we discover that the people not like us

otkrivamo da su ljudi drugačiji od nas,

are just people, like us.

samo ljudi poput nas.

And actually, every time

I zapravo, svaki put

we hold out the hand of friendship

kada držimo ruku prijateljstva

to somebody not like us,

nekoga različitog od nas,

whose class or creed or color are different from ours,

drugačijeg statusa, vjeroispovijesti ili boje kože,

we heal

zacijeljujemo

one of the fractures

jedno od napuknuća

of our wounded world.

našeg ranjenog svijeta.

That is the us of relationship.

To smo mi u odnosima s drugima.

Second is the us of identity.

Drugo smo mi kroz identitet.

Let me give you a thought experiment.

Pokazat ću vam jedan misaoni eksperiment.

Have you been to Washington? Have you seen the memorials?

Jeste li bili u Washingtonu? Jeste li vidjeli spomenike?

Absolutely fascinating.

Apsolutno fascinantno.

There's the Lincoln Memorial:

Lincolnov memorijal:

Gettysburg Address on one side, Second Inaugural on the other.

Getisburški govor na jednoj strani, Drugi inauguracijski govor na drugoj.

You go to the Jefferson Memorial,

Odete do Jeffersonovog memorijala,

screeds of text.

hrpa teksta.

Martin Luther King Memorial,

Memorijal Martina Luthera Kinga,

more than a dozen quotes from his speeches.

više od desetak citata iz njegovih govora.

I didn't realize, in America you read memorials.

Nisam znao da se u Americi spomenici čitaju.

Now go to the equivalent in London in Parliament Square

Ekvivalent tome u Londonu je Trg parlamenta,

and you will see that the monument to David Lloyd George

gdje ćete vidjeti da spomenik Davida Lloyda Georga

contains three words:

sadrži tri riječi:

David Lloyd George.

David Lloyd George.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Nelson Mandela gets two.

Nelson Mandela ima dvije riječi.

Churchill gets just one:

Churchill samo jednu:

Churchill.

Churchill.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Why the difference? I'll tell you why the difference.

Čemu ta razlika? Objasnit ću vam.

Because America was from the outset a nation of wave after wave of immigrants,

Amerika je od početka bila nacija imigranata koji su dolazili u valovima,

so it had to create an identity

stoga je morala stvoriti identitet,

which it did by telling a story

što je i učinila pričanjem priče

which you learned at school, you read on memorials

koju učite u školi, čitate na spomenicima

and you heard repeated in presidential inaugural addresses.

i ponovno slušate u predsjedničkim inauguracijskim govorima.

Britain until recently wasn't a nation of immigrants,

Britanija sve do nedavno nije bila nacija imigranata

so it could take identity for granted.

pa je mogla svoj identitet uzimati zdravo za gotovo.

The trouble is now

Sada je problem

that two things have happened which shouldn't have happened together.

da su se dogodile dvije stvari koje se nisu trebale dogoditi zajedno.

The first thing is in the West we've stopped telling this story

Prva je da smo mi na zapadu prestali pričati priču

of who we are and why,

o tome tko smo i zašto,

even in America.

čak i u Americi.

And at the same time,

A u isto vrijeme,

immigration is higher than it's ever been before.

imigracija je veća nego ikada prije.

So when you tell a story and your identity is strong,

Kada pričaš svoju priču i tvoj identitet je jak,

you can welcome the stranger,

stranca možeš dočekati raširenih ruku,

but when you stop telling the story,

ali, kada prestaneš pričati priču,

your identity gets weak

tvoj identitet slabi

and you feel threatened by the stranger.

i osjećaš se ugroženim od stranaca.

And that's bad.

A to je loše.

I tell you, Jews have been scattered and dispersed and exiled for 2,000 years.

Vidite, Židovi su kroz 2000 godina bili raštrkani, raseljeni i prognani.

We never lost our identity.

Nikada nismo izgubili svoj identitet.

Why? Because at least once a year,

Zašto? Jer barem jednom godišnje,

on the festival of Passover,

na slavljenju Pashe,

we told our story and we taught it to our children

pričali smo svoju priču i prenijeli je svojoj djeci,

and we ate the unleavened bread of affliction

jeli beskvasni kruh svoje patnje

and tasted the bitter herbs of slavery.

i kušali gorke trave koje nas prisjećaju na ropstvo.

So we never lost our identity.

I tako nikada nismo izgubili svoj identitet.

I think collectively

Mislim da se kolektivno

we've got to get back to telling our story,

moramo vratiti pričanju naše priče,

who we are, where we came from,

tko smo, odakle smo došli,

what ideals by which we live.

koji su ideali prema kojima živimo.

And if that happens,

I ako se to dogodi,

we will become strong enough

postat ćemo dovoljno snažni

to welcome the stranger and say,

da dočekamo stranca i kažemo,

"Come and share our lives,

"Dođi i budi dio naših života,

share our stories,

dijeli naše priče,

share our aspirations and dreams."

naše težnje i snove."

That is the us of identity.

To je dio nas koji se tiče identiteta.

And finally, the us of responsibility.

I napokon, mi kroz odgovornost.

Do you know something?

Znate li što?

My favorite phrase in all of politics,

Moj omiljeni politički izraz,

very American phrase,

vrlo američki izraz,

is: "We the people."

je "Mi, ljudi."

Why "we the people?"

Zašto "Mi, ljudi"?

Because it says that we all share collective responsibility

Jer govori da svi dijelimo kolektivnu odgovornost

for our collective future.

za našu kolektivnu budućnost.

And that's how things really are and should be.

I tako stvari stoje i zaista bi trebale biti.

Have you noticed how magical thinking

Jeste li primjetili kako je magično razmišljanje

has taken over our politics?

preuzelo našu politiku?

So we say, all you've got to do is elect this strong leader

Kažemo, sve što morate je izabrati ovog snažnog lidera

and he or she will solve all our problems for us.

i on ili ona će riješiti sve naše probleme umjesto nas.

Believe me, that is magical thinking.

Vjerujte mi, to je magično razmišljanje.

And then we get the extremes:

A onda krenemo u ekstreme:

the far right, the far left,

krajnji desni, krajnji lijevi,

the extreme religious and the extreme anti-religious,

ekstremni religijski, ekstremni protu-religijski,

the far right dreaming of a golden age that never was,

krajnji desničari sanjaju o zlatnom dobu kojeg nikada nije ni bilo,

the far left dreaming of a utopia that never will be

krajnji ljevičari sanjaju o utopiji koje nikada neće ni biti,

and the religious and anti-religious equally convinced

a oni religijski i protu-religijski jednako su uvjereni

that all it takes is God or the absence of God

da je samo potreban bog, ili odsustvo boga

to save us from ourselves.

da nas spasi od nas samih.

That, too, is magical thinking,

I to je magično razmišljanje,

because the only people who will save us from ourselves

jer jedini koji će nas spasiti od nas samih

is we the people,

smo mi, ljudi,

all of us together.

svi mi zajedno.

And when we do that,

A kada to učinimo,

and when we move from the politics of me

kad se odmaknemo od politike "ja"

to the politics of all of us together,

prema politici "svi mi zajedno",

we rediscover those beautiful, counterintuitive truths:

otkrit ćemo te predivne, neočekivane istine:

that a nation is strong

nacija je jaka

when it cares for the weak,

kada skrbi o slabima,

that it becomes rich

postaje bogata

when it cares for the poor,

kada brine za siromašne,

it becomes invulnerable when it cares about the vulnerable.

postaje nepovrediva kada brine o ranjivima.

That is what makes great nations.

To je ono što čini jake nacije.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

So here is my simple suggestion.

Ovo je moja jednostavna preporuka.

It might just change your life,

Možda vam može promijeniti život,

and it might just help to begin to change the world.

a možda vam može pomoći da počnete mijenjati svijet.

Do a search and replace operation

Napravite zamjenu pojmova

on the text of your mind,

u svojim mislima

and wherever you encounter the word "self,"

i svaki put kada naiđete na "samo",

substitute the word "other."

zamijenite je riječju "drugi".

So instead of self-help, other-help;

Dakle, umjesto samopomoći, pomoć drugima;

instead of self-esteem, other-esteem.

umjesto samopouzdanja, poštivanje drugih.

And if you do that,

I ako to učinite,

you will begin to feel the power

osjetit ćete snagu

of what for me is one of the most moving sentences

onoga što je za mene jedna od najdirljivijih rečenica

in all of religious literature.

u cjelokupnoj religijskoj književnosti.

"Though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death,

"Pa da mi je i dolinom smrti proći,

I will fear no evil,

zla se ne bojim,

for you are with me."

jer si ti sa mnom."

We can face any future without fear

Sa svakom budućnošću možemo se suočiti bez straha,

so long as we know

sve dok znamo

we will not face it alone.

da u tome nećemo biti sami.

So for the sake of the future "you,"

Stoga, za dobrobit vašeg budućeg "vi",

together let us strengthen

ojačajmo zajedno

the future "us."

naše buduće "mi".

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)