What’s the smartest age? - Shannon Odell

1,789,766 views ・ 2022-10-18

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Translator: Aubrey Cheng
00:07
What is the smartest age?
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最聰明係幾多歲嘅人呢?
00:09
Perhaps a day of friendly competition will lead us to the answer.
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我哋或者可以喺一場友誼賽度搵到答案
00:14
Tomorrow’s the annual Brain Clash—
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聽日就係一年一度嘅《腦力大比拼》—
00:17
ten teams of two competing in a decathlon of mental challenges,
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每兩人一隊、一共十隊進行 十項心理挑戰賽,
00:21
trivia competitions, and puzzles.
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小知識競猜、同埋猜謎賽。
00:24
I’ve been training all year.
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我已經訓練咗成年
00:25
I’ll need to pick the smartest, most capable teammate.
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我要揀最聰明、最能幹嘅人做隊友
00:29
I’ve narrowed down the roster.
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我已經篩選咗張名單
00:31
First we have Gabriela.
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首先,我哋有嘉比爾娜
00:33
She may only be 8, but don’t underestimate her!
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雖然佢只得8歲, 但千祈唔好睇少佢呀!
00:36
She’s fluent in two languages and is the ultimate outside-the-box thinker.
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佢精通兩種語言, 重係一個非常有跳脫思維嘅女仔
00:41
Then there’s Ama.
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然後有阿瑪
00:42
She can recite 100 digits of pi, designs satellites for a living,
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佢識背圓周率π小數點後一百個位, 係一個衛星設計師
00:46
and bakes a perfect soufflé.
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同埋焗得一手完美嘅梳乎厘
00:49
Or I could go with Mr. Taylor.
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或者我可以揀泰來先生
00:51
He’s the best chess player in the neighborhood,
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佢係區內最佳嘅西洋棋手
00:53
not to mention he’s competed in over 20 Brain Clashes
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更何況佢已經參與 超過20場《腦力大比拼》
00:56
and is a five-time champion!
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係一個五屆冠軍添呀!
00:59
I’m not sure who to pick! Who’s the smartest?
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我唔知應該揀邊個先好! 究竟邊個最聰明呢?
01:05
Which of these teammates should Amir choose for tomorrow's contest and why?
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對於聽日嘅比賽, 阿米爾應該揀邊個做隊友?點解呢?
01:09
Of course, it depends.
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當然,要睇情況
01:11
While intelligence is often associated with things like IQ tests,
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雖然智力通常同智商測試有關
01:15
these assessments fail to capture the scope and depth
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但呢啲評估唔能夠測到
01:18
of a person’s varied abilities.
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測試者嘅各種能力嘅範圍同深度
01:20
So instead, we’ll break down the idea of “smart” into categories
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所以,反而我哋要將「聰明」 分成幾種類別
01:25
like creativity, memory, and learning
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如:創意、記性、學習
01:27
and explore when the brain’s best at each of them.
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同探索大腦幾時會發揮得最好
01:30
Let's start at the very beginning.
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我哋就由頭開始講起啦
01:32
In the first few years of life,
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喺人生開始嘅頭幾年
01:33
your brain undergoes incredible rapid growth, called synaptogenesis,
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大腦會經歷非常急速嘅生長, 呢種成長叫做突觸形成
01:37
where more than 1 million new neural connections are formed every second.
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每秒會形成超過一百萬新嘅神經連接
01:42
As the brain develops, it goes through a pruning process.
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隨著大腦發展,會經過一個修整過程
01:45
Based on your experience and environment,
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根據你嘅經歷同環境,
01:47
used connections are strengthened and unused connections are removed.
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有用到嘅連接會強化, 冇用到嘅會移除
01:53
Frequently used neuronal pathways are myelinated,
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經常用到嘅神經通道會形成髓磷脂,
01:56
wrapped in a layer of insulation, allowing information to travel faster.
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包裹一層絕緣體,令資訊傳送得更快
02:01
This creates a more efficient, fine-tuned brain.
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咁樣創造一個更有效率、 更精密嘅大腦
02:04
But this brain remodeling happens within and between brain regions
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但呢個大腦重塑模式 喺大腦區域邊緣內或之間
02:08
at different times,
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唔同時間發生,
02:09
allowing different skills to flourish at different ages.
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令唔同技能喺唔同年紀蓬勃發展
02:13
For example, in childhood, brain regions involved in language learning
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例如,喺孩童時期, 同語言學習有關嘅大腦區域
02:17
develop quickly,
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會迅速發展,
02:18
which is why many children can learn and master multiple languages.
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所以小朋友可以學習同精通幾種語言
02:22
Yet the prefrontal cortex,
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但大腦中,
02:23
a brain region responsible for cognitive control and inhibition,
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負責認知控制同抑制嘅前額皮層
02:27
is slower to develop.
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會發展得較慢
02:29
As a result, some young children may struggle with strategic games,
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結果,有啲幼童覺得玩策略遊戲好困難
02:32
such as chess or checkers,
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例如西洋棋同跳棋,
02:34
which require constant concentration, planning, and abstract thought.
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需要不斷集中精神、規劃同抽象思考
02:38
At the same time, children tend to be more flexible, exploration-based learners.
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同時,小朋友係傾向有彈性、 以探索為基礎嘅學習者
02:43
They often use more creative approaches when finding solutions to riddles
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佢哋通常會用創意嘅方式去解謎
02:47
and are, on average, less afraid to make mistakes.
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而且,平均嚟講,佢哋冇咁怕出錯
02:51
But adults have their own unique set of abilities.
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但成年人有自己一套獨特嘅能力
02:54
Adults benefit from a well-developed prefrontal cortex,
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成年人有個已經全面發展嘅前額皮層
02:58
allowing them to better execute skills that require learning, focus, and memory,
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令佢哋可以好好發揮學習、專注、 記憶力需要用到嘅技能
03:02
making them quick and efficient puzzle solvers or crossword masters.
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從而變成又快又有效率嘅 解謎高手或填字遊戲大師
03:06
Late in adulthood, these same skills may decline
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步入成年人後期,同樣嘅技能或會衰退
03:09
as the brain’s memory center, known as the hippocampus, shrinks.
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因為大腦嘅記憶中心海馬體會萎縮
03:13
But there’s a reason for the phrase “older and wiser.”
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「人老精鬼老靈」呢個俗語背後係有啲道理
03:16
After a lifetime of learning,
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學習咗成世,
03:18
older adults have more knowledge to recall and utilize,
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老友記有多啲知識可以回想同運用
03:22
making them excellent trivia partners.
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令佢哋成為最佳嘅小知識拍檔
03:24
Other factors that Amir should consider are his own strengths.
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阿米爾重要考慮嘅其他因素 就係佢自己嘅長處
03:28
As an adolescent, the prefrontal cortical regions of your brain are more developed
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成年人大腦嘅前額葉皮質區
03:32
than in childhood.
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比孩童時期發展得更成熟
03:33
This allows you to better navigate logic and math puzzles.
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令你更擅長解決邏輯同數學題目
03:37
Simultaneously, deep inside the brain,
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同時,喺大腦嘅深處,
03:40
regions that are important in motivation and reward are developing even faster,
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同動力獎勵有關嘅區域發展得更快
03:44
driving teenagers like Amir to be curious and adventurous learners.
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令到阿米爾呢啲青少年 成為又好奇又鍾意冒險嘅學習者
03:49
In many ways, you can think of the teenager as a jack-of-all-trades,
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喺好多方面, 你可以將青少年視為學而不精嘅人,
03:53
with brains wired to seek out new experiences and learn quickly.
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大腦本質係俾佢哋去尋求新體驗 同埋迅速學習
03:57
You’re at a dynamic stage,
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你喺一個充滿活力嘅階段
03:59
where the choices you make and the skills you focus on
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你做嘅選擇、專注嘅技能
04:03
can actually guide the development of your brain.
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可以實際上引導大腦嘅發展
04:06
So, what’s the smartest age?
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所以,最聰明係幾多歲嘅人呢?
04:09
There’s no single answer.
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冇一個單一嘅答案
04:11
It’s 8, 16, 25, 65, and everything in between;
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係八歲、十六歲、二十五歲、 六十五歲同埋之間嘅任何歲數
04:16
our brains have adapted to prioritize different skills at various ages
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我哋嘅大腦已經習慣咗喺唔同歲數 重視唔同技能
04:20
to meet that stage of life’s challenges and demands.
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去應付人生各階段面對嘅挑戰同要求
04:24
So no matter who Amir picks, having an age-diverse team is a good strategy.
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所以無論阿米爾揀邊個, 一隊入面有唔同年紀嘅人就係一個好策略
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