What’s the smartest age? - Shannon Odell

1,512,633 views ・ 2022-10-18

TED-Ed


Videoni ijro etish uchun quyidagi inglizcha subtitrlarga ikki marta bosing.

Translator: Durdona Valikulova Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov
00:07
What is the smartest age?
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Eng aqlli yosh qaysi?
00:09
Perhaps a day of friendly competition will lead us to the answer.
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Balki do’stona musobaqa kuni bu savolga javob berar.
00:14
Tomorrow’s the annual Brain Clash—
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Ertaga yillik Brain Clash -
00:17
ten teams of two competing in a decathlon of mental challenges,
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ikki kishidan iborat 10 jamoa o’nkurashda turli aqliy janglar, kichik musobaqa
00:21
trivia competitions, and puzzles.
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va boshqotirmalar bo’yicha bellashadilar.
00:24
I’ve been training all year.
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Men yil bo’yi tayyorlandim.
00:25
I’ll need to pick the smartest, most capable teammate.
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Men eng aqlli va eng ko’p narsaga qodir jamoadosh tanlashim kerak.
00:29
I’ve narrowed down the roster.
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Ro’yxatni ham qisqartirdim.
00:31
First we have Gabriela.
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Avvalo bizda Gabriela bor.
00:33
She may only be 8, but don’t underestimate her!
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U endigina 8 yosh, lekin unga past baho bermnag!
00:36
She’s fluent in two languages and is the ultimate outside-the-box thinker.
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U ikkita tilda juda yaxshi biladi va ancha boshqacha fikrlarga ega
00:41
Then there’s Ama.
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Keyin esa Ama.
00:42
She can recite 100 digits of pi, designs satellites for a living,
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U πning 100 ta qiymatini yoddan ayta oladi va sun’iy yo’ldoshlarni loyihalashtiradi.
00:46
and bakes a perfect soufflé.
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Bundan tashqari ajoyib soufflé tayyorlay oladi.
00:49
Or I could go with Mr. Taylor.
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Yoki Mr.Taylorni tanlashim mumkin.
00:51
He’s the best chess player in the neighborhood,
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U atrofdagi eng yaxshi shaxmatchi,
00:53
not to mention he’s competed in over 20 Brain Clashes
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u 20 martadan ko’proq Brain Clashda qatnashganini va 5 marta
00:56
and is a five-time champion!
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chempion bo’lganini aytmasa ham bo’ladi.
00:59
I’m not sure who to pick! Who’s the smartest?
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Kimni tanlashni bilmayapman! Kim eng aqlli?
01:05
Which of these teammates should Amir choose for tomorrow's contest and why?
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Amir o’ziga kimni jamoadosh sifatida tanlashi kerak va nima uchun?
01:09
Of course, it depends.
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Albatta, bu vaziyatga bog’liq.
01:11
While intelligence is often associated with things like IQ tests,
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Ko’pincha aqllilik IQ test kabi narsalar bilan o’lchansada,
01:15
these assessments fail to capture the scope and depth
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bu baholashlar insoning turli xil
01:18
of a person’s varied abilities.
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iste’dodlarini ko’rsata olmaydi.
01:20
So instead, we’ll break down the idea of “smart” into categories
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Shuning uchun biz “aqlli” degan fikrni turli toifalarga bo’lamiz.
01:25
like creativity, memory, and learning
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Masalan, kreativlik, xotira va o’rgana olish kabi
01:27
and explore when the brain’s best at each of them.
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va miya qachon eng yaxshi holatda ekanligini ko’ramiz.
01:30
Let's start at the very beginning.
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Keling boshidan boshlaymiz.
01:32
In the first few years of life,
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Hayotning birinchi yillarida
01:33
your brain undergoes incredible rapid growth, called synaptogenesis,
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miyangiz juda tezlikda o’sa boshlaydi va bu sinaptogenez deyiladi.
01:37
where more than 1 million new neural connections are formed every second.
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Bu jarayonda har soniyada 1 milliondan ko’proq nerv ulanishlari shakllanadi.
01:42
As the brain develops, it goes through a pruning process.
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Miya rivojlangan sari, kesish jarayonlari sodir bo’la boshlaydi.
01:45
Based on your experience and environment,
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Sizning tajribangiz va muhitga ko’ra miyada
01:47
used connections are strengthened and unused connections are removed.
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bog’liqliklar kuchaytiriladi va keraksizlaridan voz kechiladi.
01:53
Frequently used neuronal pathways are myelinated,
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Tez-tez ishlatiladigan neyron yo’llari miyelinlanadi,
01:56
wrapped in a layer of insulation, allowing information to travel faster.
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izolyatsiya qatlamiga o’raladi va bu orqali ma’lumotlar tezroq tarqaladi.
02:01
This creates a more efficient, fine-tuned brain.
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Bu orqali samaraliroq va yaxshi sozlangan miya yaratiladi.
02:04
But this brain remodeling happens within and between brain regions
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Ammo bu qayta modellash miyaning turli qismlarida va turli vaqtlarda
02:08
at different times,
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sodir bo’ladi.
02:09
allowing different skills to flourish at different ages.
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Bu orqali turli ko’nikmalar turli yoshda rivojlanadi.
02:13
For example, in childhood, brain regions involved in language learning
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Masalan, bolalikda miyaning til o’rganishda ishtirok etuvchi qismlari
02:17
develop quickly,
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tez rivojlanadi,
02:18
which is why many children can learn and master multiple languages.
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shu sababli bolalar ko’p tillarni yaxshi o’rganishlari mumkin.
02:22
Yet the prefrontal cortex,
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Shunga qaramay,
02:23
a brain region responsible for cognitive control and inhibition,
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aqliy nazorat uchun ma’sul bo’lgan miyaning old qismi
02:27
is slower to develop.
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sekinroq rivojlanadi.
02:29
As a result, some young children may struggle with strategic games,
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Natijada, ba’zi kichik yoshdagi bolalar qaror qabul etishni va fikr
02:32
such as chess or checkers,
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jamlanishi, rejalash va o’ylash
02:34
which require constant concentration, planning, and abstract thought.
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jarayonlarni talab etuvchi shaxmat va shashka kabi o’yinlarni o’ynashi qiyin
02:38
At the same time, children tend to be more flexible, exploration-based learners.
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Bolalar moslashuvchan va kuzatish orqali yaxshi o’rganuvchilar bo’lishadi.
02:43
They often use more creative approaches when finding solutions to riddles
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Ular boshqotirmalarga yechim topishda kreativ yo’nalishni tanlaydilar
02:47
and are, on average, less afraid to make mistakes.
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va umumiy aytganda xato qilishdan unchalik ham qo’rqmaydilar.
02:51
But adults have their own unique set of abilities.
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Ammo, kattalarning ham o’ziga xos mahoratlari bor.
02:54
Adults benefit from a well-developed prefrontal cortex,
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Kattalarning old miyasi yaxshi rivojlanganligi
02:58
allowing them to better execute skills that require learning, focus, and memory,
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ularning o’rganish, diqqatni jamlash va xotirani talab etuvchi
03:02
making them quick and efficient puzzle solvers or crossword masters.
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boshqotirmalarni samaraliroq va tezroq bajarishiga imkon beradi.
03:06
Late in adulthood, these same skills may decline
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Keyinchalik esa ushbu ko’nikmalar miyaning
03:09
as the brain’s memory center, known as the hippocampus, shrinks.
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gippokamp deb ataluvchi xotira markazi qisqarishi bilan kamayib boraveradi.
03:13
But there’s a reason for the phrase “older and wiser.”
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Ammo, “qariroq va donoroq” degan gapga asos bor.
03:16
After a lifetime of learning,
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Hayot davomida olingan bilim natijasida
03:18
older adults have more knowledge to recall and utilize,
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kattalarning ishlatish va esga olish uchun ko’proq bilimlari bor
03:22
making them excellent trivia partners.
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va bu ularni ajoyib jamoadoshga aylantiradi.
03:24
Other factors that Amir should consider are his own strengths.
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Amir e’tiborga olishi kerak bo’lgan bir omil o’zining kuchli jihatlaridir.
03:28
As an adolescent, the prefrontal cortical regions of your brain are more developed
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O’smir sifatida sizning old miyangiz bolalarnikidan
03:32
than in childhood.
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ko’ra yaxshi rivojlangan.
03:33
This allows you to better navigate logic and math puzzles.
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Bu sizga mantiqiy va matematik mashqlarni yaxshiroq bajarish imkonini beradi.
03:37
Simultaneously, deep inside the brain,
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Ayni paytda, miyaning ichkari qismlarida
03:40
regions that are important in motivation and reward are developing even faster,
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motivatsiya va mukofot uchun javobgar qismlari yanada tezroq rivojlanadi va
03:44
driving teenagers like Amir to be curious and adventurous learners.
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Amir kabi o’smirlarni qiziqqon va sarguzashtga o’ch o’quvchiga aylantiradi.
03:49
In many ways, you can think of the teenager as a jack-of-all-trades,
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Ko’p jihatdan o’smirlarni miyasi yangi tajribalarni sinab ko’rishga ishtiyoqmand
03:53
with brains wired to seek out new experiences and learn quickly.
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va tez o’rgana oladigan, barcha narsaga qodir inson sifatida ko’rish mumkin.
03:57
You’re at a dynamic stage,
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Siz juda ham o’zgaruvchan bosqichdasiz,
03:59
where the choices you make and the skills you focus on
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bu paytda qabul qilingan qarorlar va e’tibor beriladigan ko’nikmalar
04:03
can actually guide the development of your brain.
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sizning miyangiz rivojlanishida katta ahamiyatga ega bo’ladi.
04:06
So, what’s the smartest age?
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Xo’sh, eng aqlli yosh qaysi?
04:09
There’s no single answer.
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Buning javobi bitta emas.
04:11
It’s 8, 16, 25, 65, and everything in between;
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Bu 8, 16, 25, 65 va ularning o’rtasidagi har qanday yosh bo’lishi mumkin.
04:16
our brains have adapted to prioritize different skills at various ages
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Bizning miyamiz turli yoshlarda uchraydigan qiyichiliklarimiz va
04:20
to meet that stage of life’s challenges and demands.
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talablarga qarab bizga kerak bo’lgan ko’nikmani rivojlantiradi.
04:24
So no matter who Amir picks, having an age-diverse team is a good strategy.
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Shunday ekan, Amir kimni tanlasa ham, turli yoshdagi
ishtirokchilar bor jamoa yig’ish eng muhimidir.
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