What’s the smartest age? - Shannon Odell

Translator: Durdona Valikulova Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov

What is the smartest age?

Eng aqlli yosh qaysi?

Perhaps a day of friendly competition will lead us to the answer.

Balki do’stona musobaqa kuni bu savolga javob berar.

Tomorrow’s the annual Brain Clash—

Ertaga yillik Brain Clash -

ten teams of two competing in a decathlon of mental challenges,

ikki kishidan iborat 10 jamoa o’nkurashda turli aqliy janglar, kichik musobaqa

trivia competitions, and puzzles.

va boshqotirmalar bo’yicha bellashadilar.

I’ve been training all year.

Men yil bo’yi tayyorlandim.

I’ll need to pick the smartest, most capable teammate.

Men eng aqlli va eng ko’p narsaga qodir jamoadosh tanlashim kerak.

I’ve narrowed down the roster.

Ro’yxatni ham qisqartirdim.

First we have Gabriela.

Avvalo bizda Gabriela bor.

She may only be 8, but don’t underestimate her!

U endigina 8 yosh, lekin unga past baho bermnag!

She’s fluent in two languages and is the ultimate outside-the-box thinker.

U ikkita tilda juda yaxshi biladi va ancha boshqacha fikrlarga ega

Then there’s Ama.

Keyin esa Ama.

She can recite 100 digits of pi, designs satellites for a living,

U πning 100 ta qiymatini yoddan ayta oladi va sun’iy yo’ldoshlarni loyihalashtiradi.

and bakes a perfect soufflé.

Bundan tashqari ajoyib soufflé tayyorlay oladi.

Or I could go with Mr. Taylor.

Yoki Mr.Taylorni tanlashim mumkin.

He’s the best chess player in the neighborhood,

U atrofdagi eng yaxshi shaxmatchi,

not to mention he’s competed in over 20 Brain Clashes

u 20 martadan ko’proq Brain Clashda qatnashganini va 5 marta

and is a five-time champion!

chempion bo’lganini aytmasa ham bo’ladi.

I’m not sure who to pick! Who’s the smartest?

Kimni tanlashni bilmayapman! Kim eng aqlli?

Which of these teammates should Amir choose for tomorrow's contest and why?

Amir o’ziga kimni jamoadosh sifatida tanlashi kerak va nima uchun?

Of course, it depends.

Albatta, bu vaziyatga bog’liq.

While intelligence is often associated with things like IQ tests,

Ko’pincha aqllilik IQ test kabi narsalar bilan o’lchansada,

these assessments fail to capture the scope and depth

bu baholashlar insoning turli xil

of a person’s varied abilities.

iste’dodlarini ko’rsata olmaydi.

So instead, we’ll break down the idea of “smart” into categories

Shuning uchun biz “aqlli” degan fikrni turli toifalarga bo’lamiz.

like creativity, memory, and learning

Masalan, kreativlik, xotira va o’rgana olish kabi

and explore when the brain’s best at each of them.

va miya qachon eng yaxshi holatda ekanligini ko’ramiz.

Let's start at the very beginning.

Keling boshidan boshlaymiz.

In the first few years of life,

Hayotning birinchi yillarida

your brain undergoes incredible rapid growth, called synaptogenesis,

miyangiz juda tezlikda o’sa boshlaydi va bu sinaptogenez deyiladi.

where more than 1 million new neural connections are formed every second.

Bu jarayonda har soniyada 1 milliondan ko’proq nerv ulanishlari shakllanadi.

As the brain develops, it goes through a pruning process.

Miya rivojlangan sari, kesish jarayonlari sodir bo’la boshlaydi.

Based on your experience and environment,

Sizning tajribangiz va muhitga ko’ra miyada

used connections are strengthened and unused connections are removed.

bog’liqliklar kuchaytiriladi va keraksizlaridan voz kechiladi.

Frequently used neuronal pathways are myelinated,

Tez-tez ishlatiladigan neyron yo’llari miyelinlanadi,

wrapped in a layer of insulation, allowing information to travel faster.

izolyatsiya qatlamiga o’raladi va bu orqali ma’lumotlar tezroq tarqaladi.

This creates a more efficient, fine-tuned brain.

Bu orqali samaraliroq va yaxshi sozlangan miya yaratiladi.

But this brain remodeling happens within and between brain regions

Ammo bu qayta modellash miyaning turli qismlarida va turli vaqtlarda

at different times,

sodir bo’ladi.

allowing different skills to flourish at different ages.

Bu orqali turli ko’nikmalar turli yoshda rivojlanadi.

For example, in childhood, brain regions involved in language learning

Masalan, bolalikda miyaning til o’rganishda ishtirok etuvchi qismlari

develop quickly,

tez rivojlanadi,

which is why many children can learn and master multiple languages.

shu sababli bolalar ko’p tillarni yaxshi o’rganishlari mumkin.

Yet the prefrontal cortex,

Shunga qaramay,

a brain region responsible for cognitive control and inhibition,

aqliy nazorat uchun ma’sul bo’lgan miyaning old qismi

is slower to develop.

sekinroq rivojlanadi.

As a result, some young children may struggle with strategic games,

Natijada, ba’zi kichik yoshdagi bolalar qaror qabul etishni va fikr

such as chess or checkers,

jamlanishi, rejalash va o’ylash

which require constant concentration, planning, and abstract thought.

jarayonlarni talab etuvchi shaxmat va shashka kabi o’yinlarni o’ynashi qiyin

At the same time, children tend to be more flexible, exploration-based learners.

Bolalar moslashuvchan va kuzatish orqali yaxshi o’rganuvchilar bo’lishadi.

They often use more creative approaches when finding solutions to riddles

Ular boshqotirmalarga yechim topishda kreativ yo’nalishni tanlaydilar

and are, on average, less afraid to make mistakes.

va umumiy aytganda xato qilishdan unchalik ham qo’rqmaydilar.

But adults have their own unique set of abilities.

Ammo, kattalarning ham o’ziga xos mahoratlari bor.

Adults benefit from a well-developed prefrontal cortex,

Kattalarning old miyasi yaxshi rivojlanganligi

allowing them to better execute skills that require learning, focus, and memory,

ularning o’rganish, diqqatni jamlash va xotirani talab etuvchi

making them quick and efficient puzzle solvers or crossword masters.

boshqotirmalarni samaraliroq va tezroq bajarishiga imkon beradi.

Late in adulthood, these same skills may decline

Keyinchalik esa ushbu ko’nikmalar miyaning

as the brain’s memory center, known as the hippocampus, shrinks.

gippokamp deb ataluvchi xotira markazi qisqarishi bilan kamayib boraveradi.

But there’s a reason for the phrase “older and wiser.”

Ammo, “qariroq va donoroq” degan gapga asos bor.

After a lifetime of learning,

Hayot davomida olingan bilim natijasida

older adults have more knowledge to recall and utilize,

kattalarning ishlatish va esga olish uchun ko’proq bilimlari bor

making them excellent trivia partners.

va bu ularni ajoyib jamoadoshga aylantiradi.

Other factors that Amir should consider are his own strengths.

Amir e’tiborga olishi kerak bo’lgan bir omil o’zining kuchli jihatlaridir.

As an adolescent, the prefrontal cortical regions of your brain are more developed

O’smir sifatida sizning old miyangiz bolalarnikidan

than in childhood.

ko’ra yaxshi rivojlangan.

This allows you to better navigate logic and math puzzles.

Bu sizga mantiqiy va matematik mashqlarni yaxshiroq bajarish imkonini beradi.

Simultaneously, deep inside the brain,

Ayni paytda, miyaning ichkari qismlarida

regions that are important in motivation and reward are developing even faster,

motivatsiya va mukofot uchun javobgar qismlari yanada tezroq rivojlanadi va

driving teenagers like Amir to be curious and adventurous learners.

Amir kabi o’smirlarni qiziqqon va sarguzashtga o’ch o’quvchiga aylantiradi.

In many ways, you can think of the teenager as a jack-of-all-trades,

Ko’p jihatdan o’smirlarni miyasi yangi tajribalarni sinab ko’rishga ishtiyoqmand

with brains wired to seek out new experiences and learn quickly.

va tez o’rgana oladigan, barcha narsaga qodir inson sifatida ko’rish mumkin.

You’re at a dynamic stage,

Siz juda ham o’zgaruvchan bosqichdasiz,

where the choices you make and the skills you focus on

bu paytda qabul qilingan qarorlar va e’tibor beriladigan ko’nikmalar

can actually guide the development of your brain.

sizning miyangiz rivojlanishida katta ahamiyatga ega bo’ladi.

So, what’s the smartest age?

Xo’sh, eng aqlli yosh qaysi?

There’s no single answer.

Buning javobi bitta emas.

It’s 8, 16, 25, 65, and everything in between;

Bu 8, 16, 25, 65 va ularning o’rtasidagi har qanday yosh bo’lishi mumkin.

our brains have adapted to prioritize different skills at various ages

Bizning miyamiz turli yoshlarda uchraydigan qiyichiliklarimiz va

to meet that stage of life’s challenges and demands.

talablarga qarab bizga kerak bo’lgan ko’nikmani rivojlantiradi.

So no matter who Amir picks, having an age-diverse team is a good strategy.

Shunday ekan, Amir kimni tanlasa ham, turli yoshdagi

ishtirokchilar bor jamoa yig’ish eng muhimidir.