The many meanings of Michelangelo's Statue of David - James Earle

Mnoga značenja Mikelanđelove statue Davida - Džejms Erl (James Earle)

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Mile Živković

Kada razmišljamo o klasičnim umetničkim delima,

When we think of classic works of art,

the most common setting we imagine them in is a museum.

najčešća sredina u kojoj ih zamišljamo jeste muzej.

Ali često zaboravljamo da veliki deo ove umetnosti

But what we often forget is that much of this art

was not produced with a museum setting in mind.

nije stvoren sa muzejskom postavkom na umu.

What happens to an artwork

Šta se dešava sa umetničkim delom

when it's taken out of its originally intended context?

kada je izdvojeno iz svog prvobitno namenjenog konteksta?

Take the example of Michelangelo's Statue of David,

Uzmite primer Mikelanđelove statue Davida,

depicting the boy hero who slew the giant philistine, Goliath,

koja opisuje dečaka heroja koji je ubio ogromnog Filisteja, Golijata,

armed with only his courage and his slingshot.

naoružan samo svojom hrabrošću i praćkom.

When Michelangelo began carving a block of pure white marble

Kada je Mikelanđelo počeo da oblikuje blok čistog belog mermera

to communicate this famous Biblical story,

da bi preneo ovu poznatu biblijsku priču,

the city of Florence intended to place the finished product

grad Firenca je nameravao da postavi gotovo delo

atop their grand cathedral.

na vrhu svoje velike katedrale.

Not only would the 17 foot tall statue

Ne samo da bi ova statua visoka preko 5 metara

be easily visible at this height,

bila lako vidljiva na ovoj visini,

but its placement alongside 11 other statues

već bi njeno postavljanje uz 11 drugih statua

of Old Testament heroes towering over onlookers

heroja Starog zaveta koji se uzdižu pred posmatračima

would have a powerful religious significance,

imalo snažan religijski značaj,

forcing the viewer to stare in awe towards the heavens.

primoravajući posmatrača da zuri ka nebesima u strahopoštovanju.

But by the time Michelangelo had finished the work, in 1504,

Ali do trenutka kada je Mikelanđelo završio delo, 1504. godine,

the plans for the other statues had fallen through,

planovi za ostale statue su propali,

and the city realized that lifting such a large sculpture to the roof

i grad je shvatio da bi podizanje tako velike skulpture na krov

would be more difficult than they had thought.

bilo teže nego što su mislili.

Furthermore, the statue was so detailed and lifelike,

Osim toga, statua je bila tako puna detalja i životvorna,

down to the bulging veins in David's arm

sve to istaknutih vena na Davidovoj ruci

and the determination on his face,

i odlučnosti na njegovom licu,

that it seemed a shame to hide it so far from the viewer.

da se činilo da je šteta sakriti ga tako daleko od posmatrača.

A council of politicians and artists

Veće političara i umetnika

convened to decide on a new location for the statue.

sastalo se da bi odlučilo o novoj lokaciji za statuu.

Ultimately voting to place it in front of the Palazzo della Signoria,

Naposletku su izglasali da je postave ispred Palate dela Sinjoria,

the town hall and home of the new Republican government.

gradske skupštine i doma nove republikanske vlade.

This new location transformed the statue's meaning.

Ova nova lokacija je promenila značenje statue.

The Medici family, who for generations had ruled the city

Porodica Mediči, koja je generacijama vladala gradom

through their control of banking, had recently been exiled,

svojom kontrolom bankarstva, nedavno je bila prognana,

and Florence now saw itself as a free city,

a Firenca je sada videla sebe kao slobodan grad,

threatened on all sides by wealthy and powerful rivals.

sa svih strana pod pretnjom bogatih i moćnih protivnika.

David, now the symbol of heroic resistance against overwhelming odds,

David, sada simbol herojskog otpora naspram nadmoćnih izgleda,

postavljen je sa svojim intenzivnim zurenjem,

was placed with his intense stare,

now a look of stern warning, focused directly towards Rome,

sada pogledom strogog upozorenja, fokusiran direktno prema Rimu,

the home of Cardinal Giovanni de Medici.

domu kardinala Đovanija de Medičija.

Though the statue itself had not been altered,

Mada sama statua nije bila izmenjena,

its placement changed nearly every aspect of it

njeno postavljanje je promenilo skoro svaki njen aspekt

from a religious to a political significance.

od religijskog ka političkom značaju.

Though a replica of David still appears at the Palazzo,

Iako kopija Davida još uvek postoji kod Palate,

the original statue was moved in 1873

originalna statua je premeštena 1873. godine

to the Galleria dell'Accademia, where it remains today.

u Galeriju Akademija, gde je ostala do danas.

In the orderly, quiet environment of the museum,

U urednom, tihom ambijentu muzeja,

alongside numerous half-finished Michelangelo sculptures,

pokraj brojnih poluzavršenih Mikelanđelovih skulptura,

overt religious and political interpretations fall away,

otvorena religijska i politička tumačenja otpadaju,

giving way to detached contemplation of Michelangelo's

ustupajući mesto nezavisnom razmatranju

artistic and technical skill.

Mikelanđelove umetničke i tehničke veštine.

But even here, the astute viewer may notice

Ali čak i ovde, pronicljiv posmatrač može primetiti

that David's head and hand appear disproportionately large,

da Davidova glava i ruka deluju neproporcionalno veliko,

a reminder that they were made to be viewed from below.

podsetnik da je bilo predviđeno da budu posmatrane odozdo.

So, not only does context change the meaning

Dakle, ne samo da kontekst menja značenje

and interpretation of an artwork throughout its history,

i tumačenje umetničkog dela kroz njegovu istoriju,

sometimes it can make that history resurface

ponekad može da učini da ta se istorija ponovo pojavi

na najneočekivanije načine.

in the most unexpected ways.