Why do we cry? The three types of tears - Alex Gendler

Zašto plačemo? Tri vrste suza - Aleks Džendler (Alex Gendler)

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Dejan Vicai

Our story is about a girl named Iris.

Naša priča je o devojci koja se zove Iris (dužica).

Iris is very sensitive.

Ona je veoma osetljiva.

(Bird cawing)

So much that she is always in tears.

Toliko da je uvek uplakana.

She cries when she's sad,

Plače kada je tužna,

when she's happy,

kada je srećna,

(Godzilla roars)

and even tears up when things just get to her.

i čak zasuzi kada je nešto stigne.

She has special lacrimal glands to make new tears

Ona ima posebne suzne žlezde kako bi stvarala nove suze

and special tubes, called lacrimal puncta,

i posebne cevi koje se nazivaju suznim kanalima,

to drain old ones away.

kako bi isušila stare.

And she cries so much that she goes through

Ona plače toliko da dnevno

ten ounces of tears per day,

potroši oko 300 mililitara suza,

thirty gallons a year!

113 litara godišnje!

In fact, if you look closely,

Zapravo, ako pogledate izbliza,

you'll see that she's crying a little bit all the time.

videćete da ona stalno pomalo plače.

The basal tears that Iris constantly produces

Bazalne suze koje Iris stalno proizvodi

form a thin coating of three layers

stvaraju tanak pokrivač od tri sloja

that cover her and keep dirt and debris away.

koji je pokriva i čuva od prašine i otpadaka.

Right next to Iris is the mucus layer,

Odmah pored Iris nalazi se sloj suzi

which keeps the whole thing fastened to her.

koji sve drži vezano za nju.

On top of it is the aqueous layer,

Povrh njega nalazi se vodeni sloj

which keeps Iris hydrated, repels invasive bacteria,

koji vlaži Iris,

odbija bakterije koje napadaju

and protects her skin, or cornea, from damage.

i štiti od povreda njenu kožu, koja se još zove rožnjača.

And, finally, there is the lipid layer,

Konačno, tu je sloj masti,

an oily outer film that keeps the surface smooth

uljasti spoljašnji sloj koji površinu održava glatkom

for Iris to see through,

kako bi Iris mogla da vidi,

and prevents the other layers from evaporating.

a takođe i čuva druge slojeve kako ne bi isparili.

Iris uobičajeno provodi dane

Normally, Iris goes about her day

without really noticing the basal tears doing their thing.

a da zaista ne primeti kako bazalne suze

rade ono što im je posao.

That's kind of their whole point.

U tome je nekako i poenta.

But one day, she meets a girl named Onion.

Ali jednog dana, ona upoznaje devojku koja se zove Luk.

Iris is immediately smitten.

Iris je odmah pogođena.

Onion looks gorgeous in her bright purple jacket,

Luk izgleda predivno u njenoj jarko ljubičastoj jakni

and she smells terrific.

i miriše divno.

So, Iris invites Onion to her house for dinner.

Iris tako pozove Luk kod sebe na večeru,

ali kada ona uđe i skine svoju jaknu,

But when she comes in and takes off her jacket,

something terrible happens.

dešava se nešto užasno.

You see, when Onion's jacket is removed,

Vidite, kada Luk skine svoju jaknu,

a chemical reaction happens,

dešava se hemijska reakcija

converting the sulfoxides that make her smell so great

koja sulfokside od kojih ona tako divno miriše

into sulfenic acid,

pretvara u sulfensku kiselinu,

which then becomes a nasty substance with a long name:

koja onda postaje gadna supstanca sa dugačkim imenom:

syn-Propanethial S-oxide.

sin-Propanetial S- Oksid.

Isparenja peku Iris

The gas stings Iris, and suddenly, she can't help it,

i odjednom, protiv njene volje,

she starts weeping uncontrollably.

počinje nekontrolisano da plače.

These reflex tears are different from the basal tears

Ove refleksne suze drugačije su od bazalnih suza

that Iris is used to.

na koje je Iris navikla.

Because they're designed

Pošto su napravljene

to wash away harmful substances, or particles,

da speru štetne supstance ili čestice,

ispuštaju se u puno većim količinama

they're released in much larger amounts,

and their aqueous layer contains more antibodies

i njihov vodeni sloj sadrži više antitela

to stop any microorganisms that may be trying to get in, as well.

kako bi zaustavio i bilo koji mikroorganizam koji pokuša da uđe.

Both Iris and Onion are devastated.

I Iris i Luk su poražene.

They know they can't continue their relationship

Znaju da ne mogu da nastave svoju vezu

ako će se Iris povrediti i plakati

if Iris is going to hurt and cry every time Onion takes off her jacket.

svaki put kada Luk skine jaknu.

So, they decide to break up.

Stoga odlučuju da raskinu.

As Onion walks out the door, Iris stops crying.

Kako Luk izlazi na vrata,

Iris prestaje s plačem,

And immediately starts again.

I odmah ponovo počinje.

Only now, she's not crying reflex tears but emotional tears.

Samo što sada ovo nisu refleksne

već emotivne suze.

When someone is either too sad or too happy,

Kada je neko pretužan ili presrećan,

it feels like a loss of control,

ima osećaj gubitka kontrole,

which can be dangerous.

što zna da bude opasno.

So, emotional tears are sent in to stabilize the mood

Dakle, emotivne suze se šalju

da bi se stabilizovalo raspoloženje

as quickly as possible,

što je brže moguće,

along with other physical reactions,

zajedno sa drugim fizičkim reakcijama,

such as an increased heart rate and slower breathing.

poput ubrzanog rada srca

i usporenog disanja.

But scientists still aren't sure

Ali naučnici još nisu sigurni

exactly how or why the tears themselves are helpful.

tačno kako i zašto su same suze korisne.

They may be a social mechanism to elicit sympathy or show submission.

Možda su društveni mehanizam

za izazivanje saosećanja ili pokazivanje podređenosti.

But some studies have also found

Ali neka istraživanja su takođe pokazala

that emotional tears contain higher levels of stress hormones,

da emotivne suze sadrže više količine

hormona stresa,

such as ACTH and enkephalin,

poput ACTH i enkefalina,

an endorphin and natural pain killer.

endorfina i prirodnog leka protiv bolova.

In this case, emotional tears are also directly calming Iris down,

U ovom slučaju, emotivne suze takođe direktno smiruju Iris

as well as signaling her emotional state to others.

dok drugima pokazuju njeno emotivno stanje.

Sorry things didn't work out with Onion, Iris,

Žao nam je što nije uspelo s Lukom, Iris,

but don't worry.

ali ne brini.

As long as you have all three kinds of tears

Dok god imaš sve tri vrste suza,

working to keep you balanced and healthy, it will get better.

da te održavaju balansiranom i zdravom,

biće bolje.

You'll see.

Videćeš već.