Why do we cry? The three types of tears - Alex Gendler
我们为什么哭? 眼泪的三种类型 - 阿里克斯 简德乐
6,826,285 views ・ 2014-02-26
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翻译人员: Wenbo Li
校对人员: Keke Gu
00:06
Our story is about a girl named Iris.
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我们的故事是关于一个名叫虹膜的女孩.
00:09
Iris is very sensitive.
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虹膜很敏感。
00:12
(Bird cawing)
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00:13
So much that she is always in tears.
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以至于总是以泪洗面。
00:16
She cries when she's sad,
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她难过的时候会哭,
00:20
when she's happy,
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她开心的时候也会哭,
00:21
(Godzilla roars)
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00:23
and even tears up
when things just get to her.
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甚至被惹恼了,还是会哭。
00:28
She has special lacrimal glands
to make new tears
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她特殊的泪腺可以分泌新的泪水,
00:31
and special tubes, called lacrimal puncta,
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还有特殊的管道,叫做泪道,
00:33
to drain old ones away.
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用来排走眼泪。
00:36
And she cries so much
that she goes through
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她哭得很厉害,
00:38
ten ounces of tears per day,
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每天会流掉十盎司的泪水,
(注:盎司,重量单位,1盎司相当28.35克。)
00:41
thirty gallons a year!
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一年三十加仑!
(注:加仑,容积单位,1加仑大约4L)
00:43
In fact, if you look closely,
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事实上,如果你仔细观察,
00:45
you'll see that she's crying
a little bit all the time.
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你会发现她无时不刻都流点眼泪。
00:49
The basal tears that Iris
constantly produces
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虹膜不断产生一点基底眼泪
00:52
form a thin coating of three layers
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形成薄薄的三层外膜
00:54
that cover her and keep
dirt and debris away.
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以防止她接触灰尘、碎屑。
00:58
Right next to Iris is the mucus layer,
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紧挨着虹膜外面的是粘液层。
01:00
which keeps the whole
thing fastened to her.
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给她固定整个组织。
01:03
On top of it is the aqueous layer,
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在她上面的是眼房水层,
01:06
which keeps Iris hydrated,
repels invasive bacteria,
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用来保持虹膜湿润,
排斥侵入性细菌,
01:09
and protects her skin,
or cornea, from damage.
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并保护她的皮肤,也叫角膜,保护她免受侵害。
01:13
And, finally, there is the lipid layer,
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并且,最后,还有脂质层,
01:15
an oily outer film that keeps
the surface smooth
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一层保持表面平滑的油性外膜
01:18
for Iris to see through,
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方便虹膜透视
01:20
and prevents the other
layers from evaporating.
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也防止其他层的蒸发。
通常情况下,虹膜整天
01:23
Normally, Iris goes about her day
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01:24
without really noticing
the basal tears doing their thing.
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也没有注意过基底眼泪
在默默的工作。
01:28
That's kind of their whole point.
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某种程度上说,这是它们的存在价值。
01:30
But one day, she meets a girl named Onion.
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直到有一天,她遇到了一个叫做“洋葱”的女孩。
01:32
Iris is immediately smitten.
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虹膜倍受打击。
01:34
Onion looks gorgeous in her
bright purple jacket,
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洋葱在她明亮的紫色外套的烘托下看起来很华丽
01:37
and she smells terrific.
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并且闻起来棒极了。
01:39
So, Iris invites Onion
to her house for dinner.
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于是,虹膜邀请洋葱来家里吃晚餐,
当洋葱进屋,并且脱下外套,
01:43
But when she comes in
and takes off her jacket,
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01:45
something terrible happens.
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可怕的事情发生了,
01:47
You see, when Onion's jacket is removed,
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你看,当洋葱脱下外套,
01:49
a chemical reaction happens,
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一个化学反应发生了,
01:51
converting the sulfoxides
that make her smell so great
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把让她闻起来有浓烈味道的亚砜,
01:54
into sulfenic acid,
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转化成次磺酸,
01:56
which then becomes a nasty
substance with a long name:
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进而变成一个有巨长名字的讨厌的物质:
02:00
syn-Propanethial S-oxide.
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丙硫醛-S-氧化物。
这种气体刺激着虹膜,
02:04
The gas stings Iris,
and suddenly, she can't help it,
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来势汹汹,她无力阻止,
02:07
she starts weeping uncontrollably.
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于是她开始控制不住地大哭。
02:10
These reflex tears are different
from the basal tears
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这种反应性的眼泪与虹膜经常流的
02:13
that Iris is used to.
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基底眼泪不同。
02:14
Because they're designed
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因为,它们是为了
02:16
to wash away harmful
substances, or particles,
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冲掉有害的物质或颗粒。
它们的流量更大,
02:18
they're released in much larger amounts,
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02:21
and their aqueous layer
contains more antibodies
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并且水层中包含大量抗体
02:23
to stop any microorganisms
that may be trying to get in, as well.
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也为了阻止可能进入眼睛的微生物。
02:28
Both Iris and Onion are devastated.
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虹膜和洋葱都震惊了。
02:30
They know they can't continue
their relationship
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她们知道将无法继续做好朋友了
如果虹膜会受到伤害和哭泣
02:33
if Iris is going to hurt and cry
every time Onion takes off her jacket.
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在每次洋葱脱下外套的时候。
02:37
So, they decide to break up.
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于是,她们决定绝交。
02:39
As Onion walks out the door,
Iris stops crying.
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当洋葱走出房门时,
虹膜停止了哭泣,
02:42
And immediately starts again.
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紧接着她又开始哭,
02:44
Only now, she's not crying
reflex tears but emotional tears.
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但是这次,她并不是反射性流泪,
而是动情落泪。
02:49
When someone is either
too sad or too happy,
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当一个人太难过或是太开心的时候,
02:52
it feels like a loss of control,
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就会感到失控
02:54
which can be dangerous.
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这是很危险的。
02:55
So, emotional tears are sent in
to stabilize the mood
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因此,留下动情的泪水可以
稳定情绪,
02:58
as quickly as possible,
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尽快地,
03:00
along with other physical reactions,
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和其他物理反应一起作用,
03:02
such as an increased heart rate
and slower breathing.
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比如加快心率
和减缓呼吸。
03:05
But scientists still aren't sure
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但是科学家们仍无法确定
03:07
exactly how or why the tears
themselves are helpful.
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眼泪是为什么或如何起到效用的。
03:11
They may be a social mechanism
to elicit sympathy or show submission.
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可能是一种社会机制
来博取同情,或者表达意见。
03:15
But some studies have also found
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但是某些研究也发现
03:17
that emotional tears contain
higher levels of stress hormones,
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动情留下的泪水中包含较高浓度的
应激激素,
03:21
such as ACTH and enkephalin,
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比如促肾上腺皮质激素和脑啡肽,
03:24
an endorphin and natural pain killer.
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一种内啡肽,可以自然止痛。
03:26
In this case, emotional tears
are also directly calming Iris down,
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在这种情况下,情感泪水也可以让虹膜冷静下来,
03:30
as well as signaling
her emotional state to others.
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以及向别人传递她的情绪,
03:33
Sorry things didn't work out
with Onion, Iris,
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很抱歉,虹膜,你不能和洋葱做朋友了,
03:35
but don't worry.
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但是别担心,
03:37
As long as you have
all three kinds of tears
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只要你拥有这三种泪水
03:39
working to keep you balanced
and healthy, it will get better.
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来保持你的健康均衡,
一切都会好起来。
03:42
You'll see.
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你会看到的。
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