Why do we cry? The three types of tears - Alex Gendler

Zakaj jočemo? Tri vrste solz - Alex Gendler

Translator: Nika Kotnik Reviewer: Matej Divjak

Our story is about a girl named Iris.

To je zgodba o deklici po imenu Iris (šarenica).

Iris is very sensitive.

Iris je zelo občutljiva.

(Bird cawing)

So much that she is always in tears.

Tako zelo, da je vedno solzna.

She cries when she's sad,

Joče, ko je žalostna,

when she's happy,

ko je vesela,

(Godzilla roars)

and even tears up when things just get to her.

in zajoče, ko se je stvari enostavno dotaknejo.

She has special lacrimal glands to make new tears

Ima posebne solzne žleze, da naredi nove solze

and special tubes, called lacrimal puncta,

in posebne cevi, imenovane solzovodi,

to drain old ones away.

ki drenirajo stare solze.

And she cries so much that she goes through

In tako zelo joka, da porabi skoraj 300 gramov solz na dan,

ten ounces of tears per day,

thirty gallons a year!

114 litrov na leto!

In fact, if you look closely,

Pravzaprav, če dobro pogledate,

you'll see that she's crying a little bit all the time.

bosti videli, da ves čas po malem joče.

The basal tears that Iris constantly produces

Osnovne solze, ki jih neprestano proizvaja Iris,

form a thin coating of three layers

sestavljajo tanko prevleko iz treh plasti,

that cover her and keep dirt and debris away.

ki jo pokrivajo in ne pustijo zraven smeti in umazanije.

Right next to Iris is the mucus layer,

Zraven Iris je mukusna plast,

which keeps the whole thing fastened to her.

ki vse skupaj pritrdi nanjo.

On top of it is the aqueous layer,

Na njej je vodna plast,

which keeps Iris hydrated, repels invasive bacteria,

ki skrbi za vlažnost Iris,

odganja invazivne bakterije,

and protects her skin, or cornea, from damage.

in ščiti njeno kožo, ali roženico, pred poškodbami.

And, finally, there is the lipid layer,

Na koncu je tu še lipidna plast,

an oily outer film that keeps the surface smooth

oljnati zunanji film, ki ohranja gladko površino,

for Iris to see through,

da Iris vidi skoznjo,

and prevents the other layers from evaporating.

in drugim plastem preprečuje izhlapevanje.

Ponavadi, gre Iris skozi dan,

Normally, Iris goes about her day

without really noticing the basal tears doing their thing.

ne da bi opazila osnovne solze,

ki opravljajo svoje delo.

That's kind of their whole point.

To je njihov namen.

But one day, she meets a girl named Onion.

A nekega dne, je spoznala deklico po imenu Čebula.

Iris is immediately smitten.

Iris je takoj očarana.

Onion looks gorgeous in her bright purple jacket,

Čebula je prelepa v svoji vijolični jakni,

and she smells terrific.

in prekrasno diši.

So, Iris invites Onion to her house for dinner.

Iris povabi čebulo k sebi na večerjo,

a ko pride in si sleče jakno,

But when she comes in and takes off her jacket,

something terrible happens.

se zgodi nekaj groznega.

You see, when Onion's jacket is removed,

Vidite, ko čebula sname jakno,

a chemical reaction happens,

se zgodi kemična reakcija,

converting the sulfoxides that make her smell so great

ki spremeni žveplo okside, zaradi katerih tako lepo diši,

into sulfenic acid,

v sulfonsko kislino,

which then becomes a nasty substance with a long name:

ki nato postane nemarna substanca z dolgim imenom.

syn-Propanethial S-oxide.

sin-propanetial-S-oksid.

Ta plin peče Iris,

The gas stings Iris, and suddenly, she can't help it,

in nenadoma, ne more si pomagati, začne neutolažljivo jokati.

she starts weeping uncontrollably.

These reflex tears are different from the basal tears

Te refleksne solze so drugačne od tistih,

that Iris is used to.

ki jih je navajena Iris.

Because they're designed

Ker so zasnovane za spiranje

to wash away harmful substances, or particles,

škodljivih substanc, ali delcev,

se sproščajo v večjih količinah,

they're released in much larger amounts,

and their aqueous layer contains more antibodies

in njihova vodna plast vsebuje več protiteles

to stop any microorganisms that may be trying to get in, as well.

da ustavi mikroorganizme, ki prav tako morda poskušajo priti noter.

Both Iris and Onion are devastated.

Iris in Čebula sta obupani.

They know they can't continue their relationship

Vesta, da razmerja ne moreta nadaljevati, če bo Iris prizadeta in bo jokala

if Iris is going to hurt and cry every time Onion takes off her jacket.

vsakič, ko Čebula sname jakno.

So, they decide to break up.

Zato se razideta.

As Onion walks out the door, Iris stops crying.

Ko gre Čebula skozi vrata, Iris neha jokati.

And immediately starts again.

In nato takoj spet začne.

Only now, she's not crying reflex tears but emotional tears.

Samo da sedaj, ne joče refleksnih solz,

ampak čustvene solze.

When someone is either too sad or too happy,

Ko je nekdo preveč žalosten ali preveč srečen,

it feels like a loss of control,

se zdi kot izguba kontrole,

which can be dangerous.

kar je lahko nevarno.

So, emotional tears are sent in to stabilize the mood

Zato so tu čustvene solze

da uravnovesijo počutje,

as quickly as possible,

kakor hitro se da,

along with other physical reactions,

skupaj z drugimi telesnimi reakcijami,

such as an increased heart rate and slower breathing.

kot je pospešen srčni utrip

in počasnejše dihanje.

But scientists still aren't sure

A znanstveniki še zdaj ne vedo,

exactly how or why the tears themselves are helpful.

kako natančno ali zakaj so pri tem solze pomembne.

They may be a social mechanism to elicit sympathy or show submission.

Morda so socialni mehanizem

za vzbujanje sočutja ali izkazovanje podrejenosti.

But some studies have also found

A nekatere študije so ugotovile,

that emotional tears contain higher levels of stress hormones,

da vsebujejo čustvene solze višje vrednosti stresnih hormonov,

such as ACTH and enkephalin,

kot je ACTH in enkefalin,

an endorphin and natural pain killer.

endorfin in naravna protibolečinska snov.

In this case, emotional tears are also directly calming Iris down,

V tem primeru, čustvene solze direktno pomirjajo Iris,

as well as signaling her emotional state to others.

prav tako pa sporočajo njeno stanje drugim.

Sorry things didn't work out with Onion, Iris,

Žal mi je, da se s Čebulo stvari niso izšle, Iris, a ne skrbi.

but don't worry.

As long as you have all three kinds of tears

Dokler imaš tri vrste solz,

working to keep you balanced and healthy, it will get better.

ki ohranjajo tvoje ravnovesje in srečo,

bo bolje.

You'll see.

Boš videla.