Deep ocean mysteries and wonders - David Gallo

Misterije i čuda okeana - Dejvid Galo (David Gallo)

Prevodilac: Miloš Milosavljević Lektor: Tatjana Jevdjic

You know, I had a real rough time in school with ADD,

Znate, imao sam problem sa poremećajem pažnje u školi, a imam doktorat.

and I have a PhD.

I earned a PhD, but ... tough to pay attention --

Zaradio sam doktorat, ali mi je bilo naporno da pratim biologiju, geologiju,

biology, geology, physics, chemistry -- really tough for me.

fiziku, hemiju - stvarno naporno.

Only one thing grabbed my attention,

Samo jedna stvar je privukla moju pažnju.

and it's that planet called Earth.

A to je planeta zvana Zemlja,

But in this picture here, you'll see that Earth is mostly water.

ali na ovoj slici vidite

da je Zemlja uglavnom voda - to je Tihi okean.

That's the Pacific.

Seventy percent of Earth is covered with water.

70 procenata Zemlje je prekriveno vodom i mogli biste reći:

You can say, "Hey, I know Earth. I live here."

"Ja poznajem planetu Zemlju. Ovde živim."

You don't know Earth.

Ne poznajete Zemlju.

You don't know this planet, because most of it's covered with that --

Ne poznajete ovu planetu, jer je njen najveći deo prekriven vodom -

average depth, two miles.

prosečna dubina je oko 3 km.

And when you go outside

Kad izađete napolje i pogledate Empajer stejt bilding, Krajsler bilding,

and look up at the Empire State Building, Chrysler Building,

the average depth of the ocean is 15 of those on top of one another.

prosečna dubina okeana je kao 15 takvih naslaganih jedna na drugu.

We've explored about five percent of what's in that water.

Istražili smo oko 5 posto onoga što se nalazi u toj vodi.

"Explored," meaning, for the first time, go peek and see what's there.

"Istražili" znači - zavirili jedanput i videli šta ima tamo.

Ono što želim danas je da vam pokažem

So what I want to do today is show you some things

about this planet, about the oceans.

neke stvari o ovoj planeti, o okeanima.

I want to take you from shallow water down to the deep water,

Želim da vas odvedem iz plićaka do dubokih voda

and hopefully, like me, you'll see some things

i nadam se da ćete, kao i ja, videti neke stvari

koje će vas navući na istraživanje planete Zemlje.

that get you hooked on exploring planet Earth.

Znate korale, viđali ste ih puno.

You know things like corals; you've seen plenty of corals,

Oni među vama koji su bili na plaži i ronili,

those of you who've been to the beach, snorkeling,

znaju da su korali neverovatna mesta

know corals are an amazing place to go -- full of life,

puna života - nekih većih životinja, nekih manjih, nekih lepih,

some big animals, small animals, some nice, some dangerous,

nekih opasnih - ajkula, kitova...

sharks, whales, all that stuff.

They need to be protected from humanity.

Njih treba sačuvati od čovečanstva.

To su sjajna mesta, ali verovatno ne znate da

They're great places.

But what you probably don't know is in the very deep part of the ocean,

u dubinama okeana, najdubljim delovima okeana

we have volcanic eruptions.

imamo vulkanske erupcije.

Most volcanoes on Earth are at the bottom of the sea --

Većina vulkana na Zemlji je na dnu mora -

više od 80 posto - i u stvari, imamo vatru

more than 80 percent.

And we actually have fire,

duboko u okeanu u ovom trenutku.

fire deep inside the ocean, going on right now.

All over the world -- in the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian Ocean.

Širom sveta - u Pacifiku, u Atlantiku, u Indijskom okeanu,

na ovom mestu, na dnu okeana stene se pretvaraju u tečnost.

In this place, the ocean floor, the rocks actually turn to liquid.

Tako da u stvari imate talase na dnu okeana.

So you actually have waves on the ocean floor.

You'd say nothing could live there, but when we look in detail,

Rekli biste da ništa ne može da živi ovde, ali ako dobro pogledamo,

čak i ovde u najdubljim, najmračnijim mestima na Zemlji, nalazimo život

even there, in the deepest, darkest places on Earth, we find life,

which tells us that life really wants to happen.

što nam govori da život želi da nastane.

So, pretty amazing stuff.

Prilično neverovatna stvar.

Every time we go to the bottom of the sea,

Svaki put kad odemo na morsko dno

we explore with our submarines, with our robots,

da istražujemo s našim podmornicama, robotima,

vidimo nešto što je obično iznenađujuće.

we see something that's usually surprising,

sometimes it's startling and sometimes revolutionary.

Ponekad je zapanjujuće, a ponekad revolucionarno.

You see that puddle of water sitting there.

Ovde vidite baricu vode

And all around the water there's a little cliff,

i okružuje je mali greben,

there's a little white sandy beach.

tu je mala bela peščana plaža.

We'll get closer, you'll see the beach a little bit better,

Približićemo se malo. Videćete plažu malo bolje,

some of the waves in that water, down there.

talase u vodi dole.

The thing that's special about this water

Ono što je posebno u vezi sa ovom vodom je to

is that it's at the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico.

da se ona nalazi na dnu Meksičkog zaliva.

So you're sitting inside a submarine,

Tako sedite u podmornici gledajući kroz prozor

looking out the window at a little pond of water beneath the sea.

baricu pod vodom.

We see ponds, we see lakes, we see rivers --

Vidimo bare, jezera, reke.

in fact, right here is a river at the bottom of the ocean

Evo ovde reke na dnu okeana

going from the lower left to the upper right.

koja ide iz donjeg levog ugla ka gornjem desnom.

Water is actually flowing through there.

Voda zaista protiče njom.

This totally blew our minds.

Ovo nas je potpuno zapanjilo: kako ovo može postojati na dnu?

How can you have this at the bottom?

You're in the ocean looking at more water.

U okeanu ste i gledate u neku drugu vodu.

And there's animals that only live in that water.

I postoje životinje koje žive samo u toj vodi.

So, the bottom of the ocean --

Tako da, dno okeana -

I love this map, because it shows in the middle of the ocean,

volim ovu mapu jer se vidi planinski lanac usred okeana.

there's a mountain range.

Taj planinski lanac je najveći na Zemlji.

It's the greatest mountain range on Earth, called the mid-ocean ridge --

Zove se Srednjeokeanski greben -

50,000 miles long, and we've hardly had a peek at it.

80.000 km dugačak, a otkrili smo tek njegov mali deo.

Hardly had a peek at it.

Samo delić.

We find valleys, many thousands of valleys,

Tamo nalazimo doline, na hiljade dolina

larger, wider, deeper than the Grand Canyon.

većih, širih, dubljih od Velikog kanjona Kolorada.

We find, as I said, underwater lakes, rivers, waterfalls.

Nalazimo, kao što sam rekao: jezera, reke, vodopade.

The largest waterfall on the planet

Najveći vodopad na planeti

is actually under the ocean, up near Iceland.

je u stvari u okeanu u blizini Islanda.

All that stuff is in that five percent that we've explored.

Sve to u tih 5 procenata koje smo istražili.

Da biste istražili okean morate imati tehnologiju.

So the deal about the ocean is that to explore it,

you've got to have technology.

Not only technology, but it's not just Dave Gallo

Ne samo tehnologiju. Nije samo Dejv Galo ili jedna osoba, koja istražuje.

or one person exploring, it's a team of people.

To je tim ljudi. Morate imati talenat. Morate imati tim, tehnologiju.

You've got to have the talent, the team.

You've got to have the technology.

In this case, it's our ship, Atlantis, and the submarine, Alvin.

Tehnologija je u ovom slučaju naš brod Atlantis i podmornica Alvin.

Inside that submarine -- this is an Alvin launch --

A u toj podmornici - ovo je Alvinovo porinuće - je troje ljudi.

there's three people.

Odgurali su ih na palubu.

They're being wheeled out onto deck.

There's 47 other people,

I ima 47 drugih ljudi.

the teamwork on that ship, making sure that these people are okay.

Timski rad na brodu obezbeđuje da sa svima bude sve u redu.

Everybody in that submarine is thinking one thing right now:

Svi u toj podmornici sada misle jedno:

Should I have gone to the bathroom one more time?

da li je trebalo da odem u toalet još jedanput?

Because you're in there for 10 hours --

Jer tamo ste 10 sati -

10 hours in that little sphere.

10 sati u toj maloj kugli.

Vas troje zajedno i niko neće biti pored vas.

Three of you together and nobody is going to be around you.

You go into the water and once you hit the water, it's amazing.

Ulazite u vodu i kada uronite neverovatno je.

There's a lovely color blue that penetrates right inside you.

Lepa plava boja koja prodire direktno u vas.

You don't hear the surface ship anymore,

Ne čujete više brod na površini,

you hear that pinging of a sonar.

čujete pištanje sonara.

If you've got an iPhone you've got sonar on there --

Ako imate Ajfon, tamo imate sonar -

isto je pištanje koje ide nadole kao i ono koje se vraća.

it's that same pinging that goes down to the bottom and comes back up.

Ronioci proveravaju podmornicu da vide je l' napolju sve u redu

Divers check out the sub to make sure the outside is okay,

and then they say "Go,"

I onda kažu: "Krenite",

and down you go to the bottom of the ocean and it's an amazing trip.

i krenete ka dnu okeana i to je neverovatno putovanje.

So for two and a half hours, you sink down to the bottom.

Dva i po sata tonete do dna.

And two hours of it is totally pitch black.

I od toga - dva sata ste u mrklom mraku.

We thought that nothing could live inside that world

Mislili smo da ništa ne može da živi u tom svetu na dnu okeana.

at the bottom of the ocean.

And when we look, we find some amazing things.

A kada pogledamo, vidimo neke neverovatne stvari.

All the way down -- we call it the mid-water --

Skroz dole nalazimo život - pojas između vrha i dna

from the top of the ocean down to the bottom, we find life.

nazivamo "srednjim dubinama".

Whenever we stop and look, we find life.

Gde god stanemo i pogledamo, nalazimo život.

I'm going to show you some jellies.

Pokazaću vam ovde neke od meduza

jer one su apsolutno jedna od najfinijih stvorenja na Zemlji.

They're absolutely some of the coolest creatures on Earth.

Look at that thing, just flailing his arms around.

Pogledajte ovu koja mlatara rukama.

That's like a little lobster.

Ova je kao mali jastog.

That one is like all these animals with their mouths hooked together,

Ova je kao one životinje sa spojenim ustima.

One su kolonijalne životinje.

the colonial animals.

Some animals are tiny, some can be longer than this stage.

Neke su male, a neke mogu biti duže od ove bine.

Neverovatne životinje i ne možete ih uhvatiti mrežom.

Just amazing animals.

And you can't collect them with a net --

Moramo da odemo tamo sa kamerama i pogledamo ih.

we have to go with our cameras and take a look at them.

So every time we go, new species of life.

Svaki put kad odemo, nalazimo nove vrste života.

The ocean is full of life.

Okean je pun života.

And yet the deepest part of the ocean --

Pa ipak, najdublji deo okeana -

when we go to that mountain range, we find hot springs.

kad odemo do tog planinskog lanca, pronalazimo tople izvore.

Now we were sure -- because this is poisonous water,

Bili smo ubeđeni, jer je ovo otrovna voda,

because it's so deep it would crush the Titanic

jer je toliko duboko da bi zgnječila Titanik

the same way you crush an empty cup in your hand --

kao kad rukom zgnječite praznu čašu.

we were sure there would be no life there at all.

Bili smo ubeđeni da ovde nema života.

Instead, we find more life and diversity and density

Ali smo pronašli više života, raznolikosti i gustine

than in the tropical rainforest.

nego u tropskim prašumama.

So, in one instance, in one peek out the window of the sub,

U jednom tenutku, u jednom pogledu kroz prozor podmornice

we discover something

otkrili smo nešto što je iz osnova izmenilo

that revolutionizes the way we think about life on Earth;

način na koji razmišljamo o životu na Zemlji, a to je

and that is, you don't always have to have sunlight

da vam ne treba uvek sunčeva svetlost da biste imali život.

to get life going.

There's big animals down there too, some that look familiar.

Ima i velikih životinja ovde - nekih koje izgledaju poznato.

That guy's called Dumbo. I love him. Dumbo's great.

Ovaj se zov Dambo. Obožavam ga. Dambo je sjajan.

This guy -- oh man, I wish I had more footage of this.

Ovo - oh, voleo bih da imam više snimaka ovoga.

We're trying to get an expedition together to go look at this

Pokušavamo da organizujemo ekspediciju za posmatranje ovoga

and maybe in a year we'll have that.

i možda ćemo to uraditi za godinu dana.

Go online and look.

Idite na internet i pogledajte.

Vampyroteuthis infernalis. The vampire squid.

Vampyroteuthis infernalis. Vampirska lignja.

Incredibly cool.

Neverovatno kul.

In the darkness of the deep sea, he's got glowing tentacles,

U tami morskih dubina ona ima svetleće pipke,

so if I'm coming at you like him, I put my arms out in the darkness

tako da ako sam ja ona i napadam vas, raširim ruke u mraku

i vi vidite samo svetlucanje na krajevima,

so all you see are little glowing things over here.

Meanwhile, I'm coming at you.

a ja vas napadam.

When he wants to escape,

Kad hoće da pobegne ima ove svetleće mahune

he's got these glowing pods on his butt that look like eyes.

na zadnjici, koje izgedaju kao oči.

Glowing eyes on his butt. How cool is that?

Svetleće oči na zadnjici. Baš kul stvar.

Just an amazing animal.

Prosto neverovatna životinja. (Smeh)

(Laughter)

"Vampire" squid, because when it gets protective,

Kad se vampirska lignja štiti

it pulls this black cape over its whole body,

navlači crni plašt preko celog tela i sklupča se u loptu.

and curls up into a ball.

Outrageous animal.

Neobična životinja.

This ship, "The Ship of Dreams" --

Ovaj brod, pre sto godina "brod snova" -

a hundred years ago this coming April,

ovog aprila je trebalo da se pojavi u Njujorku.

this ship was supposed to show up in New York.

It's the Titanic.

To je Titanik i učestvovao sam u ekspediciji tamo prošle godine.

I co-led an expedition out there last year.

Učimo mnogo o tom brodu.

We are learning so much about that ship.

The Titanic is an interesting place for biology,

Titanik je zanimljivo mesto za biologiju

because animals are moving in to live on the Titanic.

jer životinje se useljavaju na Titanik da žive.

Microbes are actually eating the hull of the Titanic.

Mikrobi u stvari jedu njegov trup.

That's where Jack was king of the world there on the bow of the Titanic.

Ovde, na pramcu, Džek je bio kralj sveta.

Ide nam vrlo dobro i ono što mi je uzbudljivo je to

So we're doing real good.

And what's exciting to me is that we're making a virtual Titanic,

što ćemo jednog dana napraviti virtuelni Titanik,

so you can sit there at home with your joystick and your headset on,

tako da možete sedeti kod kuće sa džojstikom i slušalicama

and you can actually explore the Titanic for yourself.

i sami ga istraživati.

That's what we want to do, make these virtual worlds,

To je ono što želimo da uradimo -

da napravimo ove virtuelne svetove

so it's not Dave Gallo or someone else exploring the world; it's you.

tako da ne bude Dejv Galo ili neko drugi onaj koji istražuje svet, već vi sami.

You explore it for yourself.

So here's the bottom line:

I evo suštine.

The oceans are unexplored

Okeani su neistraženi

and I can't begin to tell you how important that is,

i ne mogu da vam objasnim koliko je to važno

because they're important to us.

jer su nam oni važni.

Seven billion people live on this planet

Sedam milijardi ljudi živi na ovoj planeti i na sve nas utiče more,

and all of us are impacted by the sea,

because the oceans control the air you breathe, the water you drink,

jer okeani kontrolišu vazduh koji dišete,

vodu koju pijete, hranu koju jedete.

the food you eat.

All those are controlled in some way by the ocean,

Sve ovo na neki način kontroliše okean,

a njega nismo čak ni istražili - osim pet procenata.

and this is a thing that we haven't even explored --

five percent.

The thing I want to leave you with is,

Želim da vas ostavim sa - u tih 5 posto, pokazao sam vam neke kul stvari.

in that five percent, I showed you some cool stuff.

There's a lot more cool stuff --

Ima još mnogo toga i svaki put kad zaronimo u okean, otkrijemo nešto novo o moru.

every dive we go on in the ocean, we find something new about the sea.

So what's in that other 95 percent?

Šta je onda u ostalih 95 procenata?

Did we get the exciting stuff or is there more out there?

Da li smo već otkrili uzbudljive stvari ili ih ima još?

And I'm here to tell you that the ocean is full of surprises.

Ovde sam da vam kažem da je okean pun iznenađenja.

There's a quote I love by Marcel Proust:

Ima jedan citat Marsela Prusta koji volim:

"The true voyage of exploration is not so much in seeking new landscapes,"

"Pravo putovanje istraživanja nije toliko u traženju novih predela",

which we do,

što radimo, "već u novom pogledu."

"but in having new eyes."

And so I hope today, by showing you some of this,

Nadam se da sam vam danas pokazivanjem ovoga

it's given you some new eyes about this planet,

dao nešto od novog pogleda na ovu planetu

i po prvi put želim da razmislite o tome na drugačiji način.

and for the first time, I want you to think about it differently.

Hvala vam mnogo. Hvala.

Thank you very much. Thank you.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)