Deep ocean mysteries and wonders - David Gallo

神秘而壮丽的深海世界-David Gallo

翻译人员: Binglei Shea 校对人员: Ning Zhang

You know, I had a real rough time in school with ADD,

你知道吗，在学校的时候我因为小儿多动症吃尽苦头

and I have a PhD.

但我还是拿到了博士学位

I earned a PhD, but ... tough to pay attention --

虽然我拿到博士学位，但是要我专心读

biology, geology, physics, chemistry -- really tough for me.

生物、地质、物理、化学 -- 还是很难

Only one thing grabbed my attention,

只有一件东西吸引了我的注意力

and it's that planet called Earth.

那就是这颗叫做地球的行星

But in this picture here, you'll see that Earth is mostly water.

但在这张图上你会看到

地球的大部分都是水 -- 那是太平洋

That's the Pacific.

地球的70%都被水所覆盖。你可能会说：

Seventy percent of Earth is covered with water.

You can say, "Hey, I know Earth. I live here."

“嗨，我知道地球，我就住在这儿”

You don't know Earth.

但你真的不了解地球

你并不了解因为它的大部分都被这个所覆盖

You don't know this planet, because most of it's covered with that --

平均深度是2英里

average depth, two miles.

And when you go outside

当你走出门抬头看看

and look up at the Empire State Building, Chrysler Building,

诸如帝国大厦，克莱斯勒大厦这些高楼

the average depth of the ocean is 15 of those on top of one another.

海洋的平均深度是它们叠在一起

总高度的15倍

We've explored about five percent of what's in that water.

我们已经探索了这个水世界的大约5%

"Explored," meaning, for the first time, go peek and see what's there.

“探索”，意思是说初步地去看看里面都有什么

所以我今天就想给大家看看

So what I want to do today is show you some things

这个星球的一些东西，关于海洋的一些东西

about this planet, about the oceans.

I want to take you from shallow water down to the deep water,

我将带着大家从浅水到深水

and hopefully, like me, you'll see some things

希望你们能像我一样发现点什么

然后迷上探索地球

that get you hooked on exploring planet Earth.

大家都知道珊瑚，你们都看过很多珊瑚

You know things like corals; you've seen plenty of corals,

those of you who've been to the beach, snorkeling,

去过海滩浮潜的人一定见到过很多珊瑚

know corals are an amazing place to go -- full of life,

珊瑚区是个很神奇的地方

那里充满了生命，大的，小的，友善的，

some big animals, small animals, some nice, some dangerous,

sharks, whales, all that stuff.

危险的，鲨鱼，鲸，等等

They need to be protected from humanity.

需要保护它们不受人类的伤害

They're great places.

珊瑚礁很棒，但你可能不知道

But what you probably don't know is in the very deep part of the ocean,

在深海里，在海洋里很深的地方

we have volcanic eruptions.

有火山喷发

Most volcanoes on Earth are at the bottom of the sea --

地球上大部分的火山是在海底

超过80% -- 而且真的有火

more than 80 percent.

And we actually have fire,

在深深大洋下面的火，就在熊熊燃烧

fire deep inside the ocean, going on right now.

All over the world -- in the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian Ocean.

在全世界，在太平洋，大西洋，印度洋

在这个地方，在海底，岩石变为液态

In this place, the ocean floor, the rocks actually turn to liquid.

所以海床是有波浪涌动的

So you actually have waves on the ocean floor.

你会说这里不可能有生物，但当你走近去看

You'd say nothing could live there, but when we look in detail,

即使在这儿，即使在地球上最深最黑暗的地方， 依然能发现生命的存在

even there, in the deepest, darkest places on Earth, we find life,

which tells us that life really wants to happen.

可见生命是多么强烈地渴望生存

So, pretty amazing stuff.

怎么样，很神奇吧

Every time we go to the bottom of the sea,

每次我们潜入海底

we explore with our submarines, with our robots,

使用潜艇和机器人来探索

通常都有意外收获

we see something that's usually surprising,

sometimes it's startling and sometimes revolutionary.

时而令人惊奇，时而颠覆我们的观念

You see that puddle of water sitting there.

你看看那个水坑

围绕着水有小的峭壁

And all around the water there's a little cliff,

there's a little white sandy beach.

有个小白沙滩

We'll get closer, you'll see the beach a little bit better,

我们来走近一点，看清楚一些

就在那儿水上有一些波纹

some of the waves in that water, down there.

The thing that's special about this water

这里的特别之处在于

is that it's at the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico.

这里是墨西哥湾的海底

于是你坐在潜艇里看着窗外

So you're sitting inside a submarine,

looking out the window at a little pond of water beneath the sea.

看着海洋之下的这个小池塘

We see ponds, we see lakes, we see rivers --

知道吗，我们不但看到过池塘，还看到过湖泊，看到过河流

实际上这儿就有一条大洋海底的河

in fact, right here is a river at the bottom of the ocean

going from the lower left to the upper right.

从左下方流向右上方

Water is actually flowing through there.

水确实是这样流过去的

This totally blew our minds.

这彻底挑战了我们的观念：这些怎么能在海底存在？

How can you have this at the bottom?

You're in the ocean looking at more water.

你在海洋里但是看到了另外的水

And there's animals that only live in that water.

而且有些动物只生存在这另外的水里

所以，在大洋的海底

So, the bottom of the ocean --

我喜欢这张图，因为它展示了在大洋中间的山脉

I love this map, because it shows in the middle of the ocean,

there's a mountain range.

这个山脉是地球上最伟大的山脉

It's the greatest mountain range on Earth, called the mid-ocean ridge --

叫做大洋中脊 --

50,000 miles long, and we've hardly had a peek at it.

5万英里长，我们从未好好看过它

我们从未好好看过它

Hardly had a peek at it.

We find valleys, many thousands of valleys,

我们找到了山谷，成千上万的山谷

larger, wider, deeper than the Grand Canyon.

比大峡谷更大，更宽，更深的山谷

我们找到了，就像刚才说的，水下的湖泊，河流，瀑布

We find, as I said, underwater lakes, rivers, waterfalls.

这世界上最大的瀑布

The largest waterfall on the planet

is actually under the ocean, up near Iceland.

实际上是在冰岛附近的大洋海底

所有这些都是在我们所探索过的这5%里面

All that stuff is in that five percent that we've explored.

所以关于海洋就是

So the deal about the ocean is that to explore it,

要探索它必须要有技术

you've got to have technology.

不只需要技术，也不仅仅是我大卫盖勒

Not only technology, but it's not just Dave Gallo

或者某一个人去探索。需要的是一个团队

or one person exploring, it's a team of people.

你需要有才能。你得需要一个团队

You've got to have the talent, the team.

你需要有相应的技术，在这儿就是我们的船，亚特兰蒂斯号

You've got to have the technology.

In this case, it's our ship, Atlantis, and the submarine, Alvin.

还有潜水艇，阿尔文号

Inside that submarine -- this is an Alvin launch --

现在，在潜水艇里面 -- 这是阿尔文号的一次下水

there's three people.

潜艇里面有三个人。他们正被运到甲板上

They're being wheeled out onto deck.

There's 47 other people,

另外还有47人的团队在船上工作

the teamwork on that ship, making sure that these people are okay.

为下水的人提供保障

Everybody in that submarine is thinking one thing right now:

在潜艇上的每个人现在都在想同一件事：

我是不是要再上个厕所

Should I have gone to the bathroom one more time?

因为你要在里面待10个小时 --

Because you're in there for 10 hours --

10个小时都在那个小空间里

10 hours in that little sphere.

只有3个人，除此以外没有其他人

Three of you together and nobody is going to be around you.

你进入水里，触水的一刹那感觉很奇妙

You go into the water and once you hit the water, it's amazing.

那种可爱的蓝色渗透进来

There's a lovely color blue that penetrates right inside you.

你再也听不到海面上船只的声音

You don't hear the surface ship anymore,

你只听到声纳发出的脉冲信号

如果你有一个iPhone，你也会产生这种声呐信号

you hear that pinging of a sonar.

If you've got an iPhone you've got sonar on there --

it's that same pinging that goes down to the bottom and comes back up.

与那个往下达到海底再反射回来的脉冲信号是一样的

潜水员会检车潜水艇四周以确保安全

Divers check out the sub to make sure the outside is okay,

and then they say "Go,"

然后他们会说“下水”

下水后你回一路潜到海底，这过程令人叹为观止

and down you go to the bottom of the ocean and it's an amazing trip.

So for two and a half hours, you sink down to the bottom.

你会用两个半小时的时间潜到海底

And two hours of it is totally pitch black.

其中两个小时是漆黑的

我们都以为没有东西可以在

We thought that nothing could live inside that world

at the bottom of the ocean.

海底世界存活

And when we look, we find some amazing things.

但当我们去看的时候，我们发现很奇妙的东西

一路向下潜，我们称从海面到海底间的水

All the way down -- we call it the mid-water --

from the top of the ocean down to the bottom, we find life.

为“中层水”，我们都发现生物的存在，

Whenever we stop and look, we find life.

无论我们停在哪，都会发现生物

I'm going to show you some jellies.

我要给大家看看一些水目的画面，因为

They're absolutely some of the coolest creatures on Earth.

他们真的是世界上最酷的生物之一

看看那双正在挥舞的触须

Look at that thing, just flailing his arms around.

那真像一对小龙虾

That's like a little lobster.

那对很像好几只动物的嘴连接在一起

That one is like all these animals with their mouths hooked together,

他们是群居动物

有些动物很小，有些则比这个讲台还大

the colonial animals.

Some animals are tiny, some can be longer than this stage.

真是令人赞叹的动物，而且你还不能用网子捕捉他们

Just amazing animals.

And you can't collect them with a net --

we have to go with our cameras and take a look at them.

我们还是得带着摄像机亲自去那里观察

So every time we go, new species of life.

所以每次我们去都会发现新品种生物

The ocean is full of life.

海洋里充满了生物

然而在海洋的最深处

And yet the deepest part of the ocean --

when we go to that mountain range, we find hot springs.

但我们去那个洋脊时，竟然发现了温泉

我们一度确信那里没有生物，因为那水有毒

Now we were sure -- because this is poisonous water,

because it's so deep it would crush the Titanic

也因为它是那么深，水压足以把泰坦尼克号压垮

the same way you crush an empty cup in your hand --

就像你可以把手中的空杯子压扁一样

we were sure there would be no life there at all.

我们真的以为那里不会有生物了

Instead, we find more life and diversity and density

但是我们却发现了比热带雨林还多的生物

than in the tropical rainforest.

其生物多样性令人称奇

So, in one instance, in one peek out the window of the sub,

那么举个实例，有一次我们往潜水艇窗外一看

we discover something

我们发现了一个会彻底改变

that revolutionizes the way we think about life on Earth;

我们对地球生命的想法的东西，就是

and that is, you don't always have to have sunlight

你并不一定要阳光才能让生物存活

to get life going.

海底还有一些大型的动物，有些看起来还很眼熟

There's big animals down there too, some that look familiar.

That guy's called Dumbo. I love him. Dumbo's great.

这玩样儿叫小飞象，我很喜欢它，小飞象棒极了

This guy -- oh man, I wish I had more footage of this.

这家伙，哦，我真希望我能拍到更多的影像

We're trying to get an expedition together to go look at this

我们很想搞个探险，一起去看看这个东西

and maybe in a year we'll have that.

希望能在一年内出发

Go online and look.

上网去看吧

Vampyroteuthis infernalis. The vampire squid.

吸血鬼乌贼（幽灵蛸）

Incredibly cool.

酷极了

In the darkness of the deep sea, he's got glowing tentacles,

在最深最暗的海里，他有着发光的触须

so if I'm coming at you like him, I put my arms out in the darkness

所以我如果像它一样靠近你，在黑暗中我把我的手臂伸出

so all you see are little glowing things over here.

你会看到这些小小的发光点围绕着你

Meanwhile, I'm coming at you.

但同时我已经靠近你了

When he wants to escape,

如果它要逃跑，它就把这些发光的吸盘

he's got these glowing pods on his butt that look like eyes.

放在屁股上，看起来就像眼睛

Glowing eyes on his butt. How cool is that?

屁股上发着光的眼睛，很酷吧

Just an amazing animal.

真是非常非常奇妙的动物（笑声）

(Laughter)

"Vampire" squid, because when it gets protective,

吸血鬼乌贼，当它觉得危险时

it pulls this black cape over its whole body,

它就会用自己的“黑斗篷”覆盖全身

and curls up into a ball.

卷起来成球状，不可思议的生物

Outrageous animal.

This ship, "The Ship of Dreams" --

这艘船，这艘一百年前的“梦幻之船”

a hundred years ago this coming April,

this ship was supposed to show up in New York.

这艘船本应四月抵达伦敦

It's the Titanic.

就是泰坦尼克号，去年我与人一起带了探险队去那儿

I co-led an expedition out there last year.

We are learning so much about that ship.

我们从这艘船上学到了很多东西

The Titanic is an interesting place for biology,

泰坦尼克号对生物学家而言是个有趣的地方

because animals are moving in to live on the Titanic.

因为动物搬到泰坦尼克号上去住了

微生物正在腐蚀泰坦尼克号的船体

Microbes are actually eating the hull of the Titanic.

That's where Jack was king of the world there on the bow of the Titanic.

这里就是杰克说自己是世界之王的船头

我们进展顺利，而让我们兴奋的是

So we're doing real good.

And what's exciting to me is that we're making a virtual Titanic,

有一天我们会作出虚拟的泰坦尼克，你可以坐在家中

so you can sit there at home with your joystick and your headset on,

摇着摇杆，带着耳机

and you can actually explore the Titanic for yourself.

亲自实际地探索泰坦尼克

这就是我们想做的

That's what we want to do, make these virtual worlds,

作出虚拟的世界，所以探险世界不再是我大卫盖洛

so it's not Dave Gallo or someone else exploring the world; it's you.

或其他人的动作，而是你自己去做

You explore it for yourself.

你自己去探险

So here's the bottom line:

最后我想说。

The oceans are unexplored

海洋还是“未开垦的处女地”

and I can't begin to tell you how important that is,

我无法告诉你这有多重要

because they're important to us.

因为海洋对我们真的很重要。

Seven billion people live on this planet

70 亿人生活在这个星球上

我们所有人都被海洋影响，因为海洋

and all of us are impacted by the sea,

because the oceans control the air you breathe, the water you drink,

控制着你呼吸的空气、 你喝的水

the food you eat.

以及你吃的食物。

All those are controlled in some way by the ocean,

海洋对这些事都有某种程度上的影响

而我们对海洋的探索真的少之又少

and this is a thing that we haven't even explored --

five percent.

仅仅百分之五

我想要留给你们的东西是

The thing I want to leave you with is,

in that five percent, I showed you some cool stuff.

就在我展示的这些很酷的“百分之五”中

每次我们去海里潜水，我们都会发现更多

There's a lot more cool stuff --

every dive we go on in the ocean, we find something new about the sea.

更酷的东西，每次都有新发现。

所以在另外百分之九十五里到底有什么？

So what's in that other 95 percent?

Did we get the exciting stuff or is there more out there?

我们已经拍到了所有令人兴奋的东西，还是还有更多？

And I'm here to tell you that the ocean is full of surprises.

我不得不说，海洋充满了惊喜。

There's a quote I love by Marcel Proust:

我很爱一段话马塞尔.普鲁斯特的名言：

"The true voyage of exploration is not so much in seeking new landscapes,"

"真正的探险航行不仅仅是发现新大陆"

which we do,

这正是我们在做的，

"but in having new eyes."

"而在于拥有新的眼界"。

And so I hope today, by showing you some of this,

所以今天我希望借由这些展示

能给各位以全新的视角来审视我们的地球

it's given you some new eyes about this planet,

and for the first time, I want you to think about it differently.

并且用一种新的方式来思考。

谢谢。谢谢。

Thank you very much. Thank you.

（掌声）

(Applause)