Why should you read "Waiting For Godot"? - Iseult Gillespie

1,077,785 views ・ 2018-10-15

TED-Ed


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Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća
Čovek u ritama, po imenu Estragon,
00:07
A shabby man named Estragon,
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sedi blizu drveta u sumrak i muči se da skine čizmu.
00:09
sits near a tree at dusk and struggles to remove his boot.
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00:12
He’s soon joined by his friend Vladimir,
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Uskoro mu se pridružuje prijatelj Vladimir
00:14
who reminds his anxious companion that
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koji podseća svog unezverenog prijatelja
da moraju da tu sačekaju nekoga po imenu Godo.
00:17
they must wait here for someone called Godot.
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00:20
So begins a vexing cycle in which the two debate
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Time započinje uznemirujući ciklus u kome dvojica raspravljaju
00:23
when Godot will come, why they’re waiting,
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kada će Godo da stigne, zašto čekaju
00:26
and whether they’re even at the right tree.
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i da li su uopšte kod pravog drveta.
00:29
From here, Waiting for Godot only gets stranger -
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Drama „Čekajući Godoa“ nadalje postaje sve čudnija -
00:32
but it’s considered a play that changed
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međutim, smatra se predstavom koja je izmenila
00:35
the face of modern drama.
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naličje savremene drame.
00:37
Written by Samuel Beckett between 1949 and 1955,
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Napisao ju je Semjuel Beket između 1949. i 1955. godine,
00:41
it offers a simple but stirring question -
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a ona postavlja prosto, ali uzbudljivo pitanje:
00:45
what should the characters do?
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šta bi likovi trebalo da urade?
00:49
Estragon: Don’t let's do anything. It's safer.
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Estragon: Ne radimo ništa. Bezbednije je.
00:52
Vladimir: Let’s wait and see what he says.
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Vladimir: Sačekajmo i vidimo šta će on da kaže.
00:56
Estragon: Who?
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Estragon: Ko?
00:57
Vladimir: Godot.
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Vladimir: Godo.
00:59
Estragon: Good idea.
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Estragon: Dobra ideja.
01:01
Such cryptic dialogue and circular reasoning are
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Slični šifrovani dijalozi i rasprave koje se vrte u krug
01:04
key features of the Theatre of the Absurd,
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su glavne karakteristike pozorišta apsurda,
01:07
a movement which emerged after the Second World War
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pokreta koji se pojavio nakon Drugog svetskog rata
01:10
and found artists struggling
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i u kom su se zatekli umetnici
koji su se borili da nađu smisao u uništenju.
01:12
to find meaning in devastation.
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01:15
The absurdists deconstructed plot, character and language
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Pisci apsurda su dekonstruisali radnju, likove i jezik
01:19
to question their meaning and share
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kako bi doveli u pitanje njihovo značenje i da bi podelili
01:21
their profound uncertainty on stage.
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svoju duboku nesigurnost na sceni.
01:25
While this may sound grim,
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Iako ovo može da zvuči turobno,
01:27
the absurd blends its hopelessness with humor.
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apsurd stapa bespomoćnost sa humorom.
01:30
This is reflected in Beckett’s unique approach
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Ovo se odražava u Beketovom jedinstvenom pristupu žanru
01:33
to genre in Waiting for Godot,
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u knjizi „Čekajući Godoa“,
01:35
which he branded “a tragicomedy in two acts."
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koju je označio kao „tragikomediju u dva čina“.
01:39
Tragically, the characters are locked in an
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Likovi su tragično zarobljeni
u egzistencijalnoj zagoneci:
01:42
existential conundrum: they wait in vain
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čekaju uzalud na nepoznatu ličnost da im da smisao postojanja,
01:45
for an unknown figure to give them a sense of purpose,
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01:47
but their only sense of purpose
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ali njihov jedini smisao postojanja potiče iz samog čina čekanja.
01:49
comes from the act of waiting,
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01:52
While they wait, they sink into boredom,
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Dok čekaju, padaju u dosadu,
01:55
express religious dread and contemplate suicide.
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izražavaju religijsku bojazan i razmatraju samoubistvo.
02:00
But comically, there is a jagged humor to their predicament,
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Međutim, komično je da njihov usud sadrži britak humor,
02:03
which comes across in their language and movements.
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koji se ispoljava u njihovom jeziku i pokretima.
02:06
Their interactions are filled with bizarre wordplay,
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Njihove interakcije su ispunjene bizarnim igrama reči,
02:09
repetition and double entendres,
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ponavljanjima i dvostrukim značenjima,
02:11
as well as physical clowning, singing and dancing,
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kao i klovnovskim ponašanjem, pevanjem, plesanjem
02:14
and frantically swapping their hats.
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i mahnitim razmenama šešira.
02:17
It’s often unclear whether the audience is supposed to
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Često je nejasno da li bi publika trebalo
02:19
laugh or cry - or whether Beckett saw
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da se smeje ili plače -
i da li je Beket uopšte razlikovao ta dva.
02:22
any difference between the two.
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02:25
Born in Dublin, Beckett studied English,
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Rođen u Dablinu, Beket je studirao engleski,
02:27
French and Italian before moving to Paris,
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francuski i italijanski jezik pre nego što se preselio u Pariz,
02:30
where he spent most of his life writing theatre,
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gde je proveo veći deo života pišući pozorišne komade,
02:33
poetry and prose.
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kao i poeziju i prozu.
02:35
While Beckett had a lifelong love of language,
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Iako je Beket celog života bio zaljubljen u jezik,
02:38
he also made space for silence by incorporating gaps,
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ostavljao je i prostora za tišinu, uvršćavajući prekide,
02:42
pauses and moments of emptiness into his work.
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pauze i trenutke praznine u svoja dela.
02:46
This was a key feature of his trademark
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Ključne osobine njegovog stila
02:50
uneven tempo and black humor,
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su neujednačen tempo i crni humor,
02:53
which became popular throughout the Theatre of the Absurd.
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koji su postali popularni u pozorištu apsurda.
02:56
He also cultivated a mysterious persona,
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Takođe je negovao tajanstvenost u pojavi
02:58
and refused to confirm or deny any speculations
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i odbijao je da potvrdi ili opovrgne bilo kakva nagađanja
03:02
about the meaning of his work.
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o značenju svojih dela.
03:04
This kept audiences guessing,
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Zbog ovoga je publika nagađala
03:06
increasing their fascination with his surreal worlds
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i time povećavala svoju opčinjenost njegovim nadrealnim svetovima
03:09
and enigmatic characters.
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i zagonetnim likovima.
03:12
The lack of any clear meaning makes Godot
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Zbog odsustva bilo kakvog jasnog značenja,
Godo je beskrajno otvoren za tumačenja.
03:15
endlessly open to interpretation.
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03:17
Critics have offered countless readings of the play,
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Kritičari su ponudili bezbrojna čitanja drame,
03:20
resulting in a cycle of ambiguity and speculation
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što je kao rezultat imalo ciklus dvosmislenosti i spekulacija
03:24
that mirrors the plot of the drama itself.
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koje odražavaju i zaplet same drame.
03:27
It's been read as an allegory of the Cold War,
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Drama je tumačena kao alegorija na Hladni rat,
03:30
the French Resistance,
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francuski pokret otpora
03:33
and Britain’s colonization of Ireland.
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i britansku kolonizaciju Irske.
03:36
The dynamic of the two protagonists has
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Dinamika između dvojice protagonista
03:38
also sparked intense debate.
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je takođe pokrenula intenzivne debate.
03:40
They’ve been read as survivors of the apocalypse,
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Tumačeni su kao preživeli iz apokalipse,
03:43
an aging couple, two impotent friends,
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ostareli par, dva impotentna prijatelja,
03:45
and even as personifications of Freud’s ego and id.
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pa čak i kao personifikacije Frojdovog ega i ida.
03:51
Famously, Beckett said the only thing he could
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Čuvena je Beketova izjava da jedino u šta može da bude siguran
03:53
be sure of was that Vladimir and Estragon
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je da Vladimir i Estragon
03:56
were "wearing bowler hats."
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„nose polucilindre“.
03:59
Like the critical speculation and maddening plot,
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Baš kao nagađanja kritike i sumanuta radnja drame,
04:02
their language often goes in circles as the two
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jezik likova se često vrti u krug
dok se njih dvojica prepiru i šegače, gube tok misli
04:05
bicker and banter, lose their train of thought,
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04:08
and pick up right where they left off:
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i nastavljaju tačno gde su stali.
04:11
Vladimir: We could start all over again perhaps
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Vladimir: Možda bismo mogli početi ispočetka.
04:14
Estragon: That should be easy
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Estragon: To bi trebalo da je lako.
04:16
Vladimir: It’s the start that’s difficult
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Vladimir: Početak je težak.
04:19
Estragon: You can start from anything
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Estragon: Možeš da počneš odakle god.
04:21
Vladimir: Yes, but you have to decide.
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Vladimir: Da, ali moraš da odlučiš.
04:24
Beckett reminds us that just like our daily lives,
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Beket nas podseća da, baš kao i naši svakidašnji životi,
04:28
the world onstage doesn’t always make sense.
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život na sceni nema uvek smisla.
04:31
It can explore both reality and illusion,
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On može da istražuje i stvarnost i iluzije,
04:34
the familiar and the strange.
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poznato i neobično.
04:37
And although a tidy narrative still appeals,
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I iako je uredno pripovedanje i dalje privlačno,
04:40
the best theatre keeps us thinking – and waiting.
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najbolje pozorište nas navodi na razmišljanje - i čekanje.
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