The secrets of Mozart’s “Magic Flute” - Joshua Borths

Tajne Mocartove "Magične frule" - Džošua Borts (Joshua Borths)

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

A boy named Prince Tamino runs through a dark wood

Dečak, po imenu princ Tamino, trči kroz mračnu šumu,

pursued by a dragon.

za njim juri zmaj.

Just as it rears up to devour him,

Baš kad se primakne da ga proždere,

three mysterious ladies appear

pojave se tri tajanstvene dame

and slay the dragon with their fierce battle cry.

i ubiju zmaja svojim žestokim borbenim pokličem.

So begins Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's "Die Zauberflöte,"

Tako počinje "Die Zauberflöte" Volfganga Amadeusa Mocarta,

or "The Magic Flute."

ili "Magična frula".

This fantasy singspiel,

Ova zigšpil fantazija,

a type of folk opera with music and dialogue,

tip folklorne opere s muzikom i dijalozima,

premiered in 1791 in Vienna.

premijerno je izveden 1791. u Beču.

Though it may seem like a childish fairytale,

Iako možda zvuči poput dečje bajke,

this intricate opera is full of subversive symbolism,

ova složena opera je ispunjena subverzivnom simbolikom

and it's now regarded as one of the most influential operas in history.

i trenutno je smatraju jednom od najuticajnijih opera u istoriji.

Tamino's run in with the dragon is only the start of his journey.

Taminov susret sa zmajem je tek početak njegovog putovanja.

The three women summon their leader, the Queen of the Night.

Tri žene prizivaju svog vođu, Kraljicu noći.

She, in turn, sends Tamino on a quest to rescue her daughter Pamina

Ona, pak, šalje Tamina u pohod da spase njenu kćerku Paminu

from the evil sorcerer, Sarastro.

od zlog čarobnjaka Sarastra.

And to help him on his journey, she gives him the titular magic flute.

A kako bi mu pomogla na putovanju, daje mu magičnu frulu iz naslova.

Tamino eventually finds Pamina at Sarastro's temple,

Tamino konačno pronalazi Paminu u Sarastrovom hramu,

but behind enemy lines,

ali iza neprijateljskih redova

Tamino and Pamina learn that they're on the wrong side.

Tamino i Pamina saznaju da su na pogrešnoj strani.

The Queen of Night actually wants to plunge the world into darkness.

Kraljica noći zapravo želi da uroni svet u tamu.

Everything Tamino thought he knew was wrong,

Sve što je Tamino mislio da zna bilo je pogrešno,

filling him with doubt and confusion.

ispunjavalo ga je sumnjom i zbunjenošću.

So, a new quest begins for Tamino and Pamina.

Tako počinje novi pohod za Tamina i Paminu.

They must pass three trials of wisdom,

Moraju da prođu tri iskušenja mudrosti

and only then can the day vanquish the night.

i tek će onda moći dan da savlada noć.

Helped by the flute's magic power,

Uz pomoć frulinih čarobnih moći,

the two youths overcome these trials and the Queen's attempts to sabotage them.

dvoje mladih savladavaju iskušenja i Kraljičine napore da ih sabotira.

They're finally initiated into the temple having restored balance to the kingdom.

Na kraju, nakon što su povratili ravnotežu u kraljevstvo, primaju ih u hram.

Many elements in this peculiar fairytale

Mnogi elementi u ovoj neobičnoj bajci

were inspired by Mozart's involvement in Freemasonry,

su inspirisani Mocartovom uključenošću u Slobodno zidarstvo,

a network of fraternal organizations throughout Europe.

mrežu bratskih organizacija širom Evrope.

Much of their history, symbolism, and ritual came from the Middle Ages.

Većina njihove istorije, simobola i rituala potiče iz srednjeg veka.

But the Freemasons of Mozart's time

Ali na Slobodne zidare iz Mocartovog vremena

were also influenced by 18th century European ideals -

su takođe uticali evropski ideali iz XVIII veka:

rationalism, humanism, and skepticism towards traditional authorities,

racionalizam, humanizam i skepticizam prema tradicionalnim autoritetima,

like monarchy and the church.

poput monarhije i crkve.

The symbols of Freemasonry and these ideals of the Enlightenment

Simboli Slobodnih zidara i pomenuti ideali iz prosvetiteljstva

are found throughout the opera.

su prisutni u čitavoj operi.

If this sounds like a conspiracy theory, that's because it sort of was at the time,

Ako ovo zvuči poput teorije zavere, to je zato što svojevremeno i jeste bila,

but it's now taken quite seriously

ali trenutno se shvata prilično ozbiljno

and has been the subject of considerable scholarly publication.

i predmet je značajnog broja akademskih članaka.

For example, some Mozart scholars believe the Queen of the Night

Na primer, neki proučavaoci Mocarta veruju da Kraljica noći

symbolizes Maria Theresa, the Empress of the Holy Roman Empire

simbolizuje Mariju Terezu, caricu Svetog rimskog carstva

who opposed Freemasonry and banned it in Austria.

koja je bila protivnica Slobodnih zidara i zabranila ih je u Austriji.

While there continues to be debate as to the specific meaning,

Dok i dalje traje debata o specifičnim značenjima,

interpretation,

interpretaciji

and location of these masonic references,

i lokaciji ovih masonskih referenci,

scholars agree that they're there and are fully intentional.

akademici se slažu da su prisutni i da su u potpunosti namerni.

One of these symbols is the number three,

Jedan od tih simbola je broj tri,

which represented balance and order to Freemasons.

koji je za Slobodne zidare predstavljao ravnotežu i red.

Now the number three is, of course, easy to find in any work of storytelling,

Sad, broj tri je naravno lako pronaći u bilo kom narativu,

but it's particularly prominent in "The Magic Flute":

ali je naročito istaknut u "Čarobnoj fruli":

three trials,

tri iskušenja,

three ladies,

tri dame,

three spirits,

tri duha

and three doors,

i troja vrata;

much of the music is written in E-flat major,

muzka je uglavnom napisana u Es-duru,

which has three flats in its key signature,

koji u svojoj armaturi ima tri snizilice,

and historically, masonic rituals began with three knocks.

a istorijski, masonski su rituali započinjali sa tri kucanja.

The opera references them by opening with three majestic chords

Opera pravi referencu na njih započinjući sa tri veličanstvena akorda

complete with dramatic pauses.

upotpunjena dramskim pauzama.

Those chords, which reoccur throughout the opera,

Ova tri akorda, koji se iznova ponavljaju kroz operu,

serve another purpose.

imaju dodatnu svrhu.

They capture the dramatic arc of the opera in miniature.

Predstavljaju dramatični okvir opere u malom.

The first chord, E-flat major, is in its most natural root position,

Prvi akord, Es-dur, je u svojoj najprirodnijoj osnovnoj poziciji,

simple and unadorned.

jednostavan i bez ukrasa.

It echoes the child-like Prince Tamino,

Odražava detinjastog princa Tamina,

who, in his naiveté, accepts everything the Queen and her ladies say

koji u svojoj naivnosti, prihvata sve što mu Kraljica i njene dvorkinje kažu,

without question.

bez pogovora.

The second chord is C minor,

Drugi akord je C-mol,

a sour sonority that mirrors Tamino's sadness and doubt

jedak zvuk koji odražava Taminovu tugu i sumnju

in the middle of the opera.

u središnjem delu opere.

That's when his world and notions of good and evil get turned on their heads.

U tom trenutku se izvrću njegov svet i razumevanje dobra i zla.

And good and evil are just two of the opera's extreme opposites.

A dobro i zlo su samo dve krajnje suprotnosti u operi.

It features some of the highest and lowest notes in opera,

U operi su prisutne neke od najviših i najnižih nota,

day and night,

dan i noć,

simple hummable melodies and complicated forward-looking music.

jednostavne opojne melodije i složena progresivna muzika.

The opera's central theme concerns balancing these extremes

Centralna tema opere se tiče uravnotežavanja ovih ekstrema

to achieve perfect harmony.

kako bi se postigla savršena harmonija.

To reflect this,

Ovo je predstavljeno

the final chord in the opening restores musical order.

tako što finalni akord iz prologa uspostavlja muzički red.

It returns to the triumphant E-flat major,

Delo se vraća trijumfalnom Es-duru,

the same chord it started with but inverted,

baš onom akordu kojim je počelo, ali invertovanom,

meaning Mozart moved the bottom note to the top.

što znači da je Mocart pomerio poslednju notu na vrh.

Although it retains its original harmony, the chord sounds higher,

Iako sadrži prvobitnu harmoniju, akord zvuči više,

pointing towards enlightenment.

ukazujući na prosvetljenost.

That's similar to Tamino,

To je slično Taminu,

who in passing his trials restores balance to the kingdom

koji prolazeći svoja iskušenja uspostavlja ravnotežu u kraljevstvu

while growing stronger, wiser, and more complete.

istovremeno sazrevajući jači, mudriji i potpuniji.