The life cycle of a cup of coffee - A.J. Jacobs

1,362,276 views ใƒป 2021-01-04

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Eunah Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:07
How many people does it take to make a cup of coffee?
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์ปคํ”ผ ํ•œ ์ž”์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
00:12
For many of us, all it takes is a short walk and a quick pour.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž ๊น ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜์ฃ .
00:16
But this simple staple is the result of a globe-spanning process
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‹ํ’ˆ์€ ์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:21
whose cost and complexity are far greater than you might imagine.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ํž˜๋“ค๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•˜์ฃ .
00:26
It begins in a place like the remote Colombian town of Pitalito.
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ฝœ๋กฌ๋น„์•„ ํ”ผํƒˆ๋ฆฌํ† ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๋”ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
Here, family farms have clear cut local forests to make room
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์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋†์ด ์ปคํ”ผ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊น”๋”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆฒ์„ ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑท์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
for neat rows of Coffea trees.
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00:39
These shrub-like plants were first domesticated in Ethiopia
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์ด ๊ด€๋ชฉ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„์—์„œ ๋จผ์ € ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:43
and are now cultivated throughout equatorial regions.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์ ๋„ ๋ถ€๊ทผ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์—์„œ ๋„๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
Each shrub is filled with small berries called "coffee cherries."
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๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—๋Š” โ€˜์ปคํ”ผ ์ฒด๋ฆฌโ€™ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์—ด๋งค๋“ค์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
Since fruits on the same branch can ripen at different times,
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ด๋งค๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋•Œ์— ์ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:56
theyโ€™re best picked by hand,
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์†์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ๋”ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
but each farm has its own method for processing the fruit.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ ๋†์žฅ๋“ค์ด ์—ด๋งค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
In Pitalito, harvesters toil from dawn to dusk at high altitudes,
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ํ”ผํƒˆ๋ฆฌํ† ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ €๋…๊นŒ์ง€ ๋†’์€ ๊ณ ๋„์—์„œ
01:08
often picking over 25 kilograms per shift for very low wages.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 25kg ์ด์ƒ ๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
The workers deliver their picked cherries to the wet mill.
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๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜ํ™•ํ•œ ์—ด๋งค๋“ค์„ ์Šต์‹ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
This machine separates the seeds from the fruit,
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ์”จ๋ฅผ ์—ด๋งค์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ 
01:21
and then sorts them by density.
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๋ฐ€๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
The heaviest, most flavorful seeds sink to the bottom of the mill,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฌด๊ฒ๊ณ  ๋ง›์ด ์ข‹์€ ์”จ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
where theyโ€™re collected and taken to ferment
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐœํšจ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋”ฐ๋กœ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ
01:30
in a tub of water for one or two days.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ดํ‹€ ๋ฌผ์— ๋‹ด๊ถˆ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
Then, workers wash off the remaining fruit and put the seeds out to dry.
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์ดํ›„ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์—ด๋งค๋ฅผ ์”ป์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์”จ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ๋นผ์„œ ๋ง๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
Some farms use machines for this process,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋†์žฅ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:41
but in Pitalito, seeds are spread onto large mesh racks.
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ํ”ผํƒˆ๋ฆฌํ† ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๊ทธ๋ฌผ๋ง์— ์”จ๋“ค์„ ๋„์–ด ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
Over the next three weeks, workers rake the seeds regularly
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ 3์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ ์”จ๋“ค์„ ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆํ€ด์งˆํ•ด์„œ
01:50
to ensure they dry evenly.
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๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋ฅด๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
Once the coffee beans are dry,
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์›๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์กฐ๋˜๋ฉด
01:54
a truck takes them to a nearby mill with several specialized machines.
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ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์— ์‹ฃ๊ณ  ์ „์šฉ ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ๋ฐฉ์•—๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
An air blower re-sorts the seeds by density,
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์†กํ’๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ€๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์”จ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:03
an assortment of sieves filter them by size,
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ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ชจ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ,
02:06
and an optical scanner sorts by color.
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๊ด‘ํ•™ ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ‰๊น”๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
At this point, professionals called Q-graders select samples
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ปคํ”ผ๊ฐ์ •์‚ฌ๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
์›๋‘๋ฅผ ๋ณถ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
of beans to roast and brew.
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02:16
In a process called "cupping," they evaluate the coffeeโ€™s taste, aroma,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ โ€˜์ปคํ•‘โ€™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
์ปคํ”ผ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง›๊ณผ ํ–ฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹๊ฐ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
and mouthfeel to determine its quality.
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02:24
These experts give the beans a grade, and get them ready to ship.
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์ด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์›๋‘์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„ ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์„ ์ ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
Workers load burlap sacks containing up to 70 kilograms
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๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด 70kg์งœ๋ฆฌ ํฌ๋Œ€์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š”
02:33
of dried and sorted coffee beans onto steel shipping containers,
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๊ฑด์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์„ ๋ณ„๋œ ์›๋‘๋ฅผ
๊ฐ•์ฒ  ์šด์†ก ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์— ์‹ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
each able to carry up to 21 metric tons of coffee.
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์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ํ•œ ๋Œ€์— ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ 21ํ†ค๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
From tropical ports, cargo ships crewed by over 25 people
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์—ด๋Œ€์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฌด์›์ด 25๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ์ด
02:47
transport coffee around the world
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์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ์‹ค์–ด ๋‚˜๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
But no country imports more coffee than the United States,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์ด ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
with New York City alone consuming millions of cups every day.
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๋‰ด์š•์‹œ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋งค์ผ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์ž” ๋งˆ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
After the long journey from Colombia to New Jersey,
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์ฝœ๋กฌ๋น„์•„์—์„œ ๋‰ด์ €์ง€์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ธด ์—ฌ์ • ํ›„์—
03:02
our coffee beans pass through customs.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์›๋‘๋Š” ์„ธ๊ด€์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
Once dockworkers unload the container,
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๋ถ€๋‘ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
03:07
a fleet of eighteen-wheelers transport the coffee to a nearby warehouse,
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18๋ฅœ ์ˆ˜์†ก์ฐจ๋“ค์ด ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ์ฐฝ๊ณ ๋กœ ์›๋‘๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
03:12
and then to a roastery.
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์›๋‘๋ฅผ ๋ณถ๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
Here the beans go into a roasting machine, stirred by a metallic arm
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์›๋‘๋ฅผ ๋กœ์ŠคํŒ… ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์— ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ธˆ์† ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์›๋‘๋ฅผ ํœ˜์ “๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ถˆ๋กœ ์—ด์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
and heated by a gas-powered fire.
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03:22
Nearby sensors monitor the coffeeโ€™s moisture level, chemical stability,
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๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ๊ฐ์ง€๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ปคํ”ผ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ์ •๋„์™€ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ, ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ 
03:26
and temperature, while trained coffee engineers manually adjust these levels
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์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ์ปคํ”ผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๋™์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
throughout the twelve-minute roasting cycle.
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์›๋‘๋ฅผ ๋ณถ๋Š” 12๋ถ„ ๊ณผ์ • ๋‚ด๋‚ด์š”.
03:34
This process releases oil within the seed,
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์”จ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ๋นผ์„œ
03:37
transforming the seeds into grindable, brewable beans
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์”จ๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ์•„์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›๋‘๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
with a dark brown color and rich aroma.
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์›๋‘๋Š” ์ง™์€ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰์ด๊ณ  ํ–ฅ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
After roasting, workers pack the beans into five-pound bags,
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๋ณถ์€ ํ›„์— 5ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ ์ž๋ฃจ์— ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด ํฌ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ 
03:49
which a fleet of vans deliver to cafes and stores across the city.
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์Šนํ•ฉ์ฐจ์— ์‹ค์–ด์„œ ๋„์‹œ ์ „์—ญ์˜ ์นดํŽ˜์™€ ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
The coffee is now so close you can smell it,
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์ด์ œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋งก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ ์ปคํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:57
but it needs more help for the final stretch.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์†๊ธธ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
Each coffee company has a head buyer
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๊ฐ ์ปคํ”ผ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋งค ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋Š”
04:03
who carefully selects beans from all over the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์˜จ ์›๋‘๋ฅผ ์—„์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
Logistics teams manage bean delivery routes,
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๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜ํŒ€์€ ์›๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์†ก ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ 
04:09
and brave baristas across the city serve this caffeinated elixir
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๋„์‹œ ์ „์—ญ์˜ ์šฉ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋ฆฌ์Šคํƒ€๋Š” ์นดํŽ˜์ธ์ด ๋“  ์ด ๋ฌ˜์•ฝ์„
04:14
to scores of hurried customers.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ”์œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
All in all, it takes hundreds of people to get coffee to its intended destinationโ€”
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์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋Œ€๋žต ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ช…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
and thatโ€™s not counting everyone maintaining the infrastructure
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฌ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค๋“ค์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋„์š”.
04:26
that makes the journey possible.
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04:28
Many of these individuals work for low pay in dangerous conditionsโ€”
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์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ 
04:32
and some arenโ€™t paid at all.
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
So while we might marvel at the global network behind this commodity,
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์ด ์ƒํ’ˆ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์— ๊ฐํƒ„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ
04:39
letโ€™s make sure we donโ€™t value the final product
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์ด ์ƒํ’ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋” ๊ฐ€์น˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์•ผํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
more than the people who make it.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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