The history of the world according to cats - Eva-Maria Geigl

9,262,184 views ใƒป 2019-01-03

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Ryuhyun Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Won Jang
00:06
On May 27th, 1941, the German battleship Bismarck sank in a fierce firefight,
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1941๋…„ 5์›” 27์ผ, ๋…์ผ์˜ ๋น„์Šค๋งˆ๋ฅดํฌํ˜ธ๋Š”
๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ํฌ๊ฒฉ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์นจ๋ชฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:13
leaving only 118 of her 2,200 crew members alive.
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2200๋ช…์˜ ์„ ์› ์ค‘ 118๋ช…๋งŒ์ด ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
But when a British destroyer came to collect the prisoners,
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์˜๊ตญ๊ตฐ์ด ๋…์ผ๊ตฐ ํฌ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
00:21
they found an unexpected survivor -
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์ „ํ˜€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ƒ์กด์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
a black and white cat clinging to a floating plank.
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(์•ผ์˜น)
๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด ํŒ์ž์œ„์— ์ ๋ฐ•์ด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ํ•œ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:28
For the next several months this cat hunted rats and raised British morale -
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๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๊ฐ„ ์ด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—์„œ ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ณ ,
๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์„ ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
until a sudden torpedo strike shattered the hull and sank the ship.
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๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฐ ์–ด๋ขฐ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์‚ฐ์กฐ๊ฐ ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:36
But, miraculously, not the cat.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(์•ผ์˜น)
00:39
Nicknamed Unsinkable Sam,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๊ฐ€๋ผ ์•‰์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ƒ˜'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋ช…๋„ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์ฃ .
00:41
he rode to Gibraltar with the rescued crew
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์ƒ˜์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋œ ์„ ์›๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€๋ธŒ๋กคํ„ฐ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ–ˆ๊ณ 
00:44
and served as a ship cat on three more vessels โ€“
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์ดํ›„์—๋„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์„ธ ์ฒ™์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—์„œ ์„ ์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
one of which also sank - before retiring to the Belfast Home for Sailors.
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์ด ์ค‘ ํ•œ ์ฒ™์€ ์—ญ์‹œ๋‚˜ ์นจ๋ชฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
(์•ผ์˜น)
์ƒ˜์€ ๋ฌด์‚ฌํžˆ ๋ฒจํŒŒ์ŠคํŠธ ์„ ์› ์ˆ™์†Œ์—์„œ ์€ํ‡ดํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
Many may not think of cats as serviceable sailors,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ์„ ์›๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
00:56
or cooperative companions of any kind.
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ํ˜‘๋™์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
But cats have been working alongside humans for thousands of years -
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
helping us just as often as we help them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒํผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:05
So how did these solitary creatures go from wild predator to naval officer
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํฌ์‹์ž์—์„œ
์„ ์›์œผ๋กœ
01:10
to sofa sidekick?
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๋˜ ์†ŒํŒŒ ์˜† ์นœ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:12
The domestication of the modern house cat
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๋งŒ ๋…„ ์ „ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‹ ์„๊ธฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธธ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
can be traced back to more than 10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent,
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๊ทธ ํ”์ ๋“ค์€ ๋น„์˜ฅํ•œ ์ดˆ์Šน๋‹ฌ ์ง€๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
at the start of the Neolithic era.
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01:20
People were learning to bend nature to their will,
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์‹ ์„๊ธฐ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž˜ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:23
producing much more food than farmers could eat at one time.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋จน์„ ์–‘ ์ด์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
These Neolithic farmers stored their excess grain in large pits and short, clay silos.
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์‹ ์„๊ธฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ž‰์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ํ† ๊ธฐ์— ์ €์žฅํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:31
But these stores of food attracted hordes of rodents,
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์ €์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ๊ณก์‹์€ ์ฅ๋–ผ๋ฅผ ์œ ํ˜นํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:34
as well as their predator, Felis silvestris lybica -
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๊ทธ ํฌ์‹์ž๋“ค๋„ ์ฅ๋“ค์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋“ค์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ถ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ์„œ๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„์— ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋“ค๊ณ ์–‘์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:38
the wildcat found across North Africa and Southwest Asia.
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01:42
These wildcats were fast, fierce, carnivorous hunters.
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์ด ์•ผ์ƒ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋‚˜์šด ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
And they were remarkably similar in size and appearance to todayโ€™s domestic cats.
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์™ธ๋ชจ์™€ ๋ชธ์ง‘์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ง‘๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:50
The main differences being that ancient wildcats were more muscular,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋Œ€์˜ ์•ผ์ƒ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์ด ๋” ๊ทผ์œก์งˆ์ด๊ณ 
01:54
had striped coats, and were less social towards other cats and humans.
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์ค„๋ฌด๋Šฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ž์ง€์š”.
(์•ผ์˜น)
01:59
The abundance of prey in rodent-infested granaries
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์ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ณก๋ฌผ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ์— ์ด๋Œ๋ฆฐ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
drew in these typically solitary animals.
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๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ์ธ ์ฅ๊ฐ€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:06
And as the wildcats learned to tolerate the presence of humans
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ผ์ƒ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ์‹์‚ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ
02:08
and other cats during mealtime,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:10
we think that farmers likewise tolerated the cats in exchange for free pest control.
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค๋„ ํŽ˜์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ง‰์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋˜
๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์šฉ์ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
The relationship was so beneficial that the cats migrated with Neolithic farmers
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์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์ตํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์€ ์‹ ์„๊ธฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
02:21
from Anatolia into Europe and the Mediterranean.
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์†Œ์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
Vermin were a major scourge of the seven seas.
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์ฅ๋Š” 7๋Œ€์–‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ณจ์นซ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
They ate provisions and gnawed at lines of rope,
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์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ›”์ณ ๋จน๊ณ  ์ค„์„ ๊ฐ‰์•„๋จน์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
so cats had long since become essential sailing companions.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ•ญํ•ด ๋™๋ฃŒ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
Around the same time these Anatolian globe trotting cats set sail,
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์†Œ์•„์‹œ์•„์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ญํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—
02:38
the Egyptians domesticated their own local cats.
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ํ˜„์ง€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ธธ๋“ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
Revered for their ability to dispatch venomous snakes, catch birds, and kill rats,
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๋…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์น˜์šฐ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์žก๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋•๋ถ„์—
02:46
domestic cats became important to Egyptian religious culture.
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์˜ ์ข…๊ต ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
They gained immortality in frescos, hieroglyphs, statues, and even tombs,
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ๋ฒฝํ™”, ์ƒํ˜•๋ฌธ์ž, ํ˜น์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์ธ ์˜†์— ๋ฌปํžˆ๋ฉฐ ์˜์ƒ์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
mummified alongside their owners.
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(์•ผ์˜น)
02:58
Egyptian ship cats cruised the Nile,
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์˜ ๋ฑƒ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์€
03:01
holding poisonous river snakes at bay.
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๋‚˜์ผ๊ฐ•์„ ํ•ญํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
And after graduating to larger vessels,
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์–ด์„ ์ด ์ ์  ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค๋„
03:06
they too began to migrate from port to port.
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ํ•ญ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
During the time of the Roman Empire, ships traveling between India and Egypt
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๋กœ๋งˆ ์ œ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์ธ๋„์™€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ญํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
03:14
carried the lineage of the central Asian wildcat F. s. ornata.
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์ค‘์•™ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๋“ค๊ณ ์–‘์ด ํ˜ˆํ†ต์˜ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์ด ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
Centuries later, in the Middle Ages, Egyptian cats voyaged up to the Baltic Sea
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๋ช‡ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ ์ค‘์„ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—
์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”์ดํ‚น๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐœํŠธํ•ด๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ญํ•ดํ•ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
on the ships of Viking seafarers.
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03:28
And both the Near Eastern and North African wildcats
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๊ทผ๋™์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๋ถ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์•ผ์ƒ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์€ ํ•ญํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
03:31
โ€“ probably tamed at this point -- continued to travel across Europe,
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์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ฆˆ์Œ์— ๊ธธ๋“ค์—ฌ์กŒ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์ดํ›„ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ์„œ
03:35
eventually setting sail for Australia and the Americas.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋Œ€๋ฅ™๋“ค๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ง‘๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์€
03:40
Today, most house cats have descended
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๊ทผ๋™์ง€๋ฐฉ ํ˜น์€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ๋ฆฌ๋น„์•„ ํ˜ˆํ†ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
from either the Near Eastern or the Egyptian lineage of F.s.lybica.
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03:46
But close analysis of the genomes and coat patterns of modern cats
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ ํ„ธ ๋ฌด๋Šฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
03:50
tells us that unlike dogs,
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์ˆ˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋™์•ˆ ์„ ๋ฐœ ๋ฒˆ์‹์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐœ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
03:52
which have undergone centuries of selective breeding,
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03:55
modern cats are genetically very similar to ancient cats.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์™€ ์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ํก์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
And apart from making them more social and docile,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ๊ต์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—
04:01
weโ€™ve done little to alter their natural behaviors.
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๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
In other words, cats today are more or less as theyโ€™ve always been: Wild animals.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์€ ์˜›๋‚  ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ํก์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ์ด๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฃผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
04:11
Fierce hunters. Creatures that donโ€™t see us as their keepers.
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04:14
And given our long history together, they might not be wrong.
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์˜ค๋žœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ‹€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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