The myth of Zeus' test - Iseult Gillespie

1,887,651 views ใƒป 2022-09-13

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: zeeva livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:08
It was dark when two mysterious, shrouded figures
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ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ืš ื›ืฉืฉืชื™ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื•ืขืคื•ืช
00:13
appeared in the hillside village.
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ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื” ื‘ื›ืคืจ.
00:16
The strangers knocked on every door in town, asking for food and shelter.
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ื”ื–ืจื™ื ื“ืคืงื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ืœืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืžื—ืกื”.
00:22
But, again and again, they were turned away.
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ืื‘ืœ, ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื ื ื“ื—ื•.
00:26
Soon, there was just one door left:
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ืขื“ ืžื”ืจื” ื ื•ืชืจื” ืจืง ื“ืœืช ืื—ืช:
00:29
that of a small, thatched shack.
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ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืชื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืขื ื’ื’ ืงืฉ .
00:34
An elderly couple, Baucis and Philemon, answered the thunderous knock.
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ื–ื•ื’ ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืงื™ืก ื•ืคื™ืœืžื•ืŸ, ืขื ื• ืœื“ืคื™ืงื” ื”ืจื•ืขืžืช.
00:41
Although there was something off about these visitors,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
00:45
it was in the pairโ€™s nature to care for those in need.
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ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื ื–ืงืงื™ื.
00:50
Philemon invited them to rest,
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ืคื™ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืœื ื•ื—,
00:53
and the cottage flooded with warmth as Baucis teased the fire back to life.
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ื•ื”ืงื•ื˜ื’โ€ฒ ื”ื•ืฆืฃ ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืื•ืกื™ืก ืœื™ื‘ืชื” ืืช ื”ืืฉ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื.
00:59
When they were young, Baucis and Philemon had fallen in love,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืกื™ืก ื•ืคื™ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืชืื”ื‘ื•,
01:04
married, and settled in the humble cottage.
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ื ื™ืฉืื• ื•ื”ืชื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืงื•ื˜ื’โ€ฒ ื”ืฆื ื•ืข.
01:08
Decades later, their home was still standingโ€”
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ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื™ืชื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืžื“ ืขืœ ืชื™ืœื•-
01:12
and they were more devoted to each other than ever.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžืื™ ืคืขื.
01:17
The strangers watched intently as Baucis nestled twigs under a battered pot
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ื”ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื“ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืื•ืกื™ืก ืžื ื™ื—ื” ื–ืจื“ื™ื
ืžืชื—ืช ืœืกื™ืจ ื—ื‘ื•ื˜ ืžืœื ื‘ื™ืจืงื•ืช.
01:24
filled with vegetables.
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01:26
The couple could rarely afford meat, but in honor of their guests,
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ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื™ื›ืœื• ืจืง ืœืขืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื‘ืฉืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
01:30
Philemon cut strips from an aging shank for the stew.
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ืคื™ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ื—ืชืš ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืง ืžื™ื•ืฉืŸ ืœื ื–ื™ื“ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ.
01:36
They made cheerful conversation and offered their visitors hot baths.
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ื”ื ื ื™ื”ืœื• ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขืœื™ื–ื” ื•ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืœืžื‘ืงืจื™ื”ื ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืช.
01:41
Baucis used a chip of broken clay to balance the wobbly tableโ€™s legs
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ื‘ืื•ืกื™ืก ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืžืชื ื“ื ื“
01:45
and rubbed its surface with mint until it smelled sweet and fresh.
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ื•ืฉืคืฉืคื” ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœื• ื‘ื ืขื ืข ืขื“ ืฉื”ืจื™ื— ืžืชื•ืง ื•ืจืขื ืŸ.
01:52
Weaving around each other with care,
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ื ืขื™ื ืื—ื“ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
01:54
the couple transformed what they had into a feast.
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ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืคืš ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืœืกืขื•ื“ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื.
01:58
Soon, the tabletop overflowed with food and the last of their sweet wine.
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ืขื“ ืžื”ืจื” ืขืœื” ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ื‘ืฉืืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ืง ืฉืœื”ื.
02:05
Privately, Baucis and Philemon worried that their provisions would run out.
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ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื, ื‘ืื•ืกื™ืก ื•ืคื™ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ื“ืื’ื• ืฉื”ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื™ื’ืžืจื•.
02:11
Yet, as the night wore on,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืœื™ืœื” ื—ืœืฃ,
02:13
and their strange guests took hearty gulps of wine,
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ื•ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœื’ืžื• ืœื’ื™ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืŸ,
02:17
the clay vessel never ran dry.
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ื›ืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ืžืจ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ.
02:21
The couple, at first relieved, grew terrified.
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ื”ื–ื•ื’, ืฉื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื•ืงืœ ืœื•, ื ืขืฉื• ืžื‘ื•ืขืชื™ื.
02:26
Their guests werenโ€™t humble peasants traveling the countryside.
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ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืื™ื›ืจื™ื ืฆื ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืคืจ.
02:32
They were almost certainly gods in disguiseโ€”
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ื”ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืืœื™ื ื‘ืชื—ืคื•ืฉืช-
02:37
but which gods, they didnโ€™t know.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืืœื™ื, ื”ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื•.
02:41
Panicked that their preparations were inadequate,
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ื”ื ื ื‘ื”ืœื• ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืกืคืงื•ืช,
02:44
Baucis and Philemon searched for another offering.
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ื‘ืื•ืกื™ืก ื•ืคื™ืœืžื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืคืฉื• ืžื ื—ื” ืื—ืจืช.
02:48
The only precious thing left was the goose that guarded their home.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืงืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื•ื– ืฉืฉืžืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืชื.
02:52
The couple repeatedly lunged after the bird,
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ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื–ื™ื ืงื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืื•ื•ื–,
02:56
but they were too worn out for the chase.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืชืฉื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžืจื“ืฃ.
02:58
So, they prepared to receive the wrath of the gods.
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ืื–, ื”ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื ื• ืœื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื–ืขื ื”ืืœื™ื. ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืงืžื•,
03:03
Their guests rose up, shedding their rags and mortal masks.
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ืžืฉื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื—ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืืช ืžืกื›ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืชืžื•ืชื”.
03:09
Looming before them was Zeus, the storm-brewing ruler of the gods,
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ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื”ืชื ืฉื ื–ืื•ืก ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืกืขืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื™ื,
03:15
and his son, Hermes,
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ื•ื‘ื ื•, ื”ืจืžืก,
03:18
the fleet-footed messenger who shepherded mortals to the underworld.
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ืฉืœื™ื— ื”ืืœื™ื ื‘ืกื ื“ืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืœื™ืš ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืชืžื•ืชื” ืœืฉืื•ืœ.
03:23
The gods told the old couple that, unlike the other townspeople,
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ื”ืืœื™ื ืืžืจื• ืœื–ื•ื’ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืฉืืจ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ,
03:28
they had shown true xenia, or loving hospitality to strangers.
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ื”ื ื”ืคื’ื™ื ื• โ€œืงืกื ื™ื”โ€ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืœื–ืจื™ื.
03:34
They alone had passed the test.
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ืจืง ื”ื ืœื‘ื“ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ.
03:38
The gods commanded the couple to follow them,
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ื”ืืœื™ื ืคืงื“ื• ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
03:42
and the group ascended the nearest mountain.
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ื•ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืขืœืชื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:45
Nearing the summit, Baucis and Philemon looked backโ€”
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ืกืžื•ืš ืœืคืกื’ื”, ื‘ืื•ืกื™ืก ื•ืคื™ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืœืื—ื•ืจ -
03:49
but were shocked to see a murky swamp where their village stood
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ืื‘ืœ ื ื“ื”ืžื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืขื›ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืขืžื“ ื”ื›ืคืจ ืฉืœื”ื
03:53
just moments before.
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ืจืง ืจื’ืขื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
03:55
As punishment for refusing to shelter the gods,
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ื›ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœืชืช ืžื—ืกื” ืœืืœื™ื,
03:58
Zeus and Hermes had cast the townspeople underwater,
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ื–ืื•ืก ื•ื”ืจืžืก ื”ืฉืœื™ื›ื• ืืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžื™ื,
04:04
leaving only their hostsโ€™ home intact,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืจืง ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืฉืœื,
04:08
Recalling their friends and neighbors,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
04:10
Baucis and Philemon couldnโ€™t hide their terror and mournful tears,
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ื‘ืื•ืกื™ืก ื•ืคื™ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื” ื•ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
04:15
even as their house transformed below.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ืฉืชื ื”.
04:19
It grew larger and sprouted marble pillars and steps.
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ื•ื”ืฆืžื™ื— ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื•ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช.
04:24
Legends etched themselves onto its grand doors.
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ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ืจื˜ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ืขืœ ื“ืœืชื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช.
04:29
Their rickety cottage had metamorphosed into a gleaming temple for the gods.
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ื”ืงื•ื˜ื’โ€ฒ ื”ืจืขื•ืข ืฉืœื”ื ืขื‘ืจ ืžื˜ืžื•ืจืคื•ื–ื” ื•ื”ืคืš ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ื ื•ืฆืฅ ืœืืœื™ื.
04:36
Hermes commended the couple and gently asked if there was anything they desired.
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ื”ืจืžืก ื‘ื™ืจืš ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื•ืฉืืœ ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
04:42
After a brief discussion, Philemon requested that he and Baucis
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ืœืื—ืจ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืงืฆืจ, ืคื™ืœืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ืื•ืกื™ืก
04:47
be permitted to care for the new temple.
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ื™ื•ืจืฉื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ.
04:50
And he asked if, when their time came, they could die together,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ ืื, ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื–ืžื ื, ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“,
04:55
so neither would have to face life without the other.
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ื›ืš ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืฉื ื™.
04:59
Tending to the temple and one another, they lived many more years.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื–ื” ืœื–ื”, ื”ื ื—ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.
05:05
Until, one day, Baucis noticed leaves fluttering from her husbandโ€™s hands
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ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืกื™ืก ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืžืชืขื•ืคืคื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื”
05:12
and looked down to find her own skin hardening.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื” ืžืชืงืฉื”.
05:17
They embraced, becoming rooted in place.
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ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื‘ืงื• ื•ื ืขืฉื• ืžื•ืฉืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื.
05:21
Vines wound around their legs and canopies flourished overhead.
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ื’ืคื ื™ื ืžืชืคืชืœื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืฆืžืจื•ืช ืคืจื—ื• ืžืžืขืœ.
05:27
They bid each other a loving, last farewell as humans.
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ื”ื ืื™ื—ืœื• ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
05:33
And where Baucis and Philemon had just stood, bent with age,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ืื•ืกื™ืก ื•ืคื™ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืขืžื“ื•, ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืžื–ืงื ื”,
05:39
there towered a linden and an oak tree,
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ื”ืชื ืฉืื• ืขืฆื™ ืชืจื–ื” ื•ืืœื•ืŸ,
05:43
their branches intertwined for eternity.
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ืขื ืคื™ื”ื ืฉืœื•ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืœื ืฆื—.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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