The myth of Thor's journey to the land of giants - Scott A. Mellor

8,549,368 views ใƒป 2018-02-22

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Shai Hakim
00:07
Thorโ€”son of Odin, god of thunder, and protector of mankindโ€”
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ืชื•ืจ -- ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืื•ื“ื™ืŸ, ืืœ ื”ืจืขื, ื•ืžื’ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช --
00:12
struggled mightily against his greatest challenge yet: opening a bag of food.
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ื ืื‘ืง ืขื ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื• ืขื“ ื›ื”: ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืชื™ืง ืื•ื›ืœ.
00:19
Itโ€™d all started when Thor,
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ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืฉืชื•ืจ,
00:21
along with his fleet-footed human servant Thjalfi and Loki, the trickster god,
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืฉืจืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืชื’'ืœืคื™ ื•ืืœ ื”ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ืœื•ืงื™,
00:26
set out on a journey to Jotunheim, land of the giants.
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ื™ืฆืื• ืœืžืกืข ืœื’'ื•ืชื•ื ื”ื™ื™ื, ืืจืฅ ื”ืขื ืงื™ื.
00:32
Along the way, theyโ€™d met a giant named Skrymir,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš, ื”ื ืคื’ืฉื• ืขื ืง ื‘ืฉื ืกืงืจื™ื™ืžื™ืจ,
00:35
who offered to accompany them and even carry their provisions in his bag.
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ืฉื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื”ืชืœื•ื•ืช ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืฉืืช ืืช ืชื™ืง ื”ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
00:40
But when they made camp, Skrymir dozed off
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžื—ื ื”, ืกืงื™ื™ืžื™ืจ ื ืจื“ื
00:43
and Thor couldnโ€™t untie the sack.
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ื•ืชื•ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง.
00:46
Frustrated and hungry, Thor tried to wake the giant three times
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ืžืชื•ืกื›ืœ ื•ืจืขื‘, ืชื•ืจ ื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ืง ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื
00:51
by striking his head with his hammer Mjolnir as hard as he could.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืืช ืจืืฉื• ื‘ืคื˜ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื• ืžื™ื•ืœื ื™ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื–ืง ืฉื™ื›ืœ.
00:56
But each time, Skrymir thought it was only a falling acorn
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืคืขื, ืกืงืจื™ื™ืžื™ืจ ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืฉื ืคืœ
01:00
and went back to sleep.
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ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ.
01:02
The next morning, Skrymir departed
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ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ื‘ื, ืกืงืจื™ื™ืžื™ืจ ื™ืฆื
01:05
and eventually, the travelers reached a massive fortress called Utgard.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžื‘ืฆืจ ืขื ืง ื‘ืฉื ืื•ื˜ื’ืืจื“.
01:11
Inside the long hall, they met the king of giants, Utgard-Loki,
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืœื ื”ืืจื•ืš, ื”ื ืคื’ืฉื• ื‘ืžืœืš ื”ืขื ืงื™ื, ืื•ื˜ื’ืืจื“-ืœื•ืงื™,
01:15
who greeted his guests with a challenge:
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ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืขื ื”ืืชื’ืจ:
01:18
each of them was to prove they were the best at some particular skill.
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื.
01:23
Loki went first, declaring himself the worldโ€™s fastest eater.
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ืœื•ืงื™ ื”ื—ืœ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืื›ืœืŸ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
01:28
To test him, the king summoned his servant Logi
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื•, ื”ืžืœืš ื–ื™ืžืŸ ืืช ืžืฉืจืชื• ืœื•ื’ื™
01:31
and the two were placed at either end of a long trough stuffed with food.
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ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืงืžื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืฆื™ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืงืช ืžืœืื” ืื•ื›ืœ.
01:37
Loki ate his way inward with blinding speed.
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ืœื•ืงื™ ืื›ืœ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืคื ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”.
01:41
But when the contestants met in the center,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืจื›ื–,
01:44
Loki saw that his adversary had not only eaten just as much food,
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ืœื•ืงื™ ืจืื” ืฉื™ืจื™ื‘ื• ืœื ืื›ืœ ืจืง ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœ,
01:48
but also the bones and even the trough itself.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืงืช ืขืฆืžื”.
01:52
Next was Thjalfi, who could outrun anything in the wild.
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ื”ื‘ื ื”ื™ื” ืชื™ื™ืœืคื™, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจื•ืฅ ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข.
01:58
The king summoned an ethereal-looking giant named Hugi,
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ืื– ื”ืžืœืš ื–ื™ืžืŸ ืขื ืง ืฉื ืจืื” ืืชืจื™ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื•ื’'ื™,
02:03
who outraced Thjalfi easily.
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ืฉืจืฅ ืžื”ืจ ืžืชื’'ืœืคื™ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
02:10
But the boy would not give up and demanded a rematch.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœื ื•ื•ื™ืชืจ ื•ื“ืจืฉ ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช.
02:14
This time, Thjalfi finished close behind
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ื”ืคืขื, ืชื™ื™ืœืคื™ ืกื™ื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืื—ืจื™
02:17
and the king admitted heโ€™d never seen a human run so fast.
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ื•ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื” ืื“ื ืจืฅ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ืจ.
02:22
Thjalfi tried a third time, running like his life depended on it,
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ืชื™ื™ืœืคื™ ื ื™ืกื” ืคืขื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื•ืจืฅ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”,
02:26
but Hugi was even faster than before.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื’'ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื”ืจ ืžืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
02:31
Finally, it was Thorโ€™s turn.
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ื’ื™ืข ืชื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจ.
02:33
The king offered him a drinking horn,
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ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื• ืงืจืŸ ืฉืชื™ื”,
02:35
saying all his men could drain it in two gulps.
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ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจื•ืงืŸ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืœื’ื™ืžื•ืช.
02:39
Thor raised it to his lips
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ืชื•ืจ ื”ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืฉืคืชื™ื•
02:41
and drank the surprisingly cold and salty mead
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ื•ืฉืชื” ืืช ืžื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ืžืœื•ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืคืชื™ืข ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื
02:44
in the longest gulp he could muster.
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ื‘ืœื’ื™ืžื” ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ื›ืœ.
02:47
Then a second.
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ื•ืื– ืฉื ื™ื”.
02:48
Then a third.
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ื•ืฉืœื™ื™ืฉื™ืช.
02:50
But the level of the mead in the horn was only slightly lowered.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืžืช ืžื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืงืจืŸ ื ืžื›ื” ืจืง ื‘ืžืขื˜.
02:55
To test Thorโ€™s renowned strength, the king offered a seemingly easy challenge:
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจ, ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืฆื™ืข ืืชื’ืจ ืฉื ืจืื” ืงืœ:
03:00
lift his pet cat off the ground.
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ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื—ืชื•ืœ ื”ืžื—ืžื“ ืฉืœื• ืžื”ืงืจืงืข.
03:03
But this cat was as tall as Thor.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืชื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจ.
03:06
Every time he tried to lift it, it arched its back,
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ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ื”ื•ื ืงื™ืฉืช ืืช ื’ื‘ื•,
03:09
and straining with all his godly might, he only managed to lift one paw.
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ื•ืžืชืืžืฅ ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™, ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืจื™ื ืจืง ืจื’ืœ ืื—ืช.
03:17
Enraged, Thor demanded to wrestle any of the giants.
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ืžืจื•ื’ื–, ืชื•ืจ ืชื‘ืข ืœื”ืชืื‘ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืขื ืงื™ื.
03:20
The king summoned the giantsโ€™ old nursemaid, Elli.
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ื”ืžืœืš ื–ื™ืžืŸ ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื ืช ื”ื–ืงื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืงื™ื, ืืœื™.
03:26
Though the woman looked frail, Thor couldnโ€™t overpower her
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ื ืจืืชื” ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจื™ืช, ืชื•ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”
03:29
and grew weaker the longer he struggled, until he was brought to one knee.
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ื•ื ื—ืœืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ืื‘ืง, ืขื“ ืฉื ืคืœ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื•.
03:35
The three companions prepared to leave, disappointed and humbled.
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ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื ื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘, ืžื•ืื›ื–ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฉืคืœื™ื.
03:39
But as the king escorted them out,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ืžืœืš ืœื™ื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”,
03:42
he revealed that nothing in the castle had been what it seemed.
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื”.
03:45
Loki lost the eating contest because his opponent Logi was wildfire itself,
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ืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื” ืืฉ ืคืจืื™ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื•,
03:51
devouring everything in its path.
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ื•ืื™ื›ืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื•.
03:54
Thjalfi couldnโ€™t outrun Hugi because Hugi was the embodiment of thought,
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ืชื™ื™ืœืคื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจื•ืฅ ืžื”ืจ ืžื”ื•ื’'ื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื™'ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื™ืœื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”,
03:59
always faster than action.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืžื”ืคืขื•ืœื”.
04:01
And even Thor couldnโ€™t defeat Elli, or old age,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืชื•ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืก ืืช ืืœื™, ืื• ื”ื–ืงื ื”.
04:05
which weakens everyone eventually.
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ืฉืžื—ืœื™ืฉื” ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ.
04:08
As for the other challenges, they had also been illusions.
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ื”ื ื’ื ื”ื™ื• ืืฉืœื™ื•ืช.
04:12
The drinking horn was filled with the ocean,
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ืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉืชื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
04:14
and Thor had drained enough to cause the tides.
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ื•ืชื•ืจ ืจื•ืงืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื’ืื•ืช.
04:18
The cat was the serpent that encircles the world,
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ื”ื—ืชื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ื—ืฉ ืฉื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
04:21
and Thorโ€™s efforts shifted the earth.
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ื•ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจ ื”ื–ื™ื–ื• ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
04:24
And Skrymir had been Utgard-Loki in disguise,
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ื•ืกืงื™ื™ืžื™ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื˜ื’ืจืื“-ืœื•ืงื™ ื‘ืชื—ืคื•ืฉืช,
04:28
deflecting Thorโ€™s hammer-blows to form valleys in the surrounding mountains.
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ืฉื”ืกื™ืช ืืช ืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืžืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื ื”ืžืงื™ืคื™ื.
04:34
The giant congratulated them on their prowess,
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ื”ืขื ืง ื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื™ื”ื,
04:36
which so frightened him he would never allow them in his land again.
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ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืคื—ื™ื“ื• ืื•ืชื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื“ืžืชื• ืฉื•ื‘.
04:42
Thor and his companions failed the challenges presented to them.
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ืชื•ืจ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื ื›ืฉืœื• ื‘ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื‘ื• ืœื”ื.
04:46
But in trying to achieve the impossible,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ื ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™,
04:48
theyโ€™d pushed themselves harder than ever before
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ื”ื ื“ื—ืคื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื™ ืคืขื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ
04:51
and changed the world in ways no one had expected.
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ื•ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืฆืคื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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