Where will you be able to live in 20 years? - Carol Farbotko and Ingrid Boas

543,190 views ใƒป 2021-10-12

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: zeeva livshitz
00:10
Mohammadpur has always had a unique relationship with the weather.
0
10454
4125
ืœืžื•ื—ืžื“ืคื•ืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื• ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
00:15
Located at the mouth of the Bay of Bengal,
1
15163
2125
ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื‘ืคื™ ืžืคืจืฅ ื‘ื ื’ืœ,
00:17
this coastal village was built on top of the Meghna River delta.
2
17288
3500
ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ื—ื•ืคื™ ื”ื–ื” ื ื‘ื ื” ืขืœ ื“ืœืชืช ื ื”ืจ ื”ืžื’ื ื”.
00:20
Deltas are a kind of landmass formed when sediment carried by rivers
3
20996
4333
ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืกืช ืื“ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื›ืฉืžืฉืงืขื™ื ื ื™ืฉืื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื”ืจื•ืช
00:25
is deposited where that river meets a larger body of water.
4
25329
3375
ื•ืžื•ืฉืงืขื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื ื”ืจ ืคื•ื’ืฉ ื’ื•ืฃ ืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
00:29
River deltas are incredibly fertile ecosystems
5
29204
3375
ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื” ืคื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
00:32
capable of supporting abundant agriculture and marine life.
6
32579
3750
ื•ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื.
00:36
However, their borders gradually change as rivers bring more sediment in
7
36621
5000
ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื›ืฉื ื”ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉืงืขื™ื
00:41
and storms wash sediment away.
8
41621
2166
ื•ืกืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื˜ืคื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืžืฉืงืขื™ื.
00:44
The residents of Mohammadpur are well accustomed to managing
9
44579
3167
ื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื—ืžื“ืคื•ืจ ืžื•ืจื’ืœื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ
00:47
the ebbs and flows of this ever-shifting landscape.
10
47746
3125
ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื–ืจืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ ืฉื˜ื— ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
00:51
But lately, an abundance of intense cyclones have caused frequent flooding
11
51287
4917
ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืงืœื•ื ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื’ืจืžื• ืœื”ืฆืคื•ืช ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช
00:56
that impedes farming and fishing.
12
56204
2250
ืฉื”ืคืจื™ืขื• ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืœื“ื™ื™ื’.
00:59
These floods also erode the coastline,
13
59371
2625
ื”ืฉื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื’ื ืฉื•ื—ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคื™ื,
01:01
allowing later storms to wipe away land altogether.
14
61996
3792
ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืกื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืœืžื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ืœื’ืžืจื™.
01:06
Since 2000, the Meghna River has overtaken the coastline by 2.5 kilometers,
15
66496
5375
ืžืื– 2000, ื ื”ืจ ื”ืžื’ื ื” ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ 2.5 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ,
01:11
forcing many villagers to move inland or to nearby cities.
16
71954
3667
ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ื— ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื” ืื• ืœืขืจื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
01:16
Mohammadpur isnโ€™t the only place where erratic weather
17
76246
2667
ืžื•ื—ืžื“ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื• ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื™ืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™
01:18
is impacting peopleโ€™s mobility.
18
78913
2375
ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
01:21
Repeated typhoons in the Philippines have displaced thousands from their homes.
19
81538
4208
ื˜ื™ื™ืคื•ื ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื• ืืœืคื™ื ืžื‘ืชื™ื”ื.
01:25
In Fiji, the government is already moving many coastal villages inland
20
85871
4250
ื‘ืคื™ื’โ€™ื™, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืคืจื™ื ื—ื•ืคื™ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื”
01:30
to get ahead of predicted land loss.
21
90121
2375
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืื“ืžื” ืฆืคื•ื™.
01:32
And in the United States,
22
92704
1459
ื•ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
01:34
melting permafrost is causing chunks of the Alaskan coastline to erode.
23
94163
4458
ืงืจื—-ืขื“ ืฉื ืžืก ื’ื•ืจื ืœื’ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ืืœืกืงื” ืœื”ื™ืฉื—ืง.
01:39
In some ways, this is nothing new.
24
99579
2209
ื‘ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ.
01:41
Humanity has always adapted to changing weather
25
101954
2584
ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืชืื™ืžื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืœืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžืฉืชื ื”
01:44
and moved to regions that best support cultural lifestyles and livelihoods.
26
104538
4458
ื•ื ืขื” ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืชืžื›ื• ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื•ื‘ืžื—ื™ื”.
01:49
However, scientists agree that this rise in extreme weather
27
109288
3708
ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืฉื”ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™
01:52
is a by-product of Earthโ€™s rapidly changing climate.
28
112996
3167
ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืจ ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื”
01:56
Global warming increases the frequency and intensity of storms, flooding and drought,
29
116829
5167
ืืช ื”ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœ ืกืขืจื•ืช, ืฉื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช,
02:01
while also melting polar ice caps and raising sea levels.
30
121996
3792
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžืžื™ืกื” ื›ื™ืคื•ืช ืงืจื— ื‘ืงื˜ื‘ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืขืœื™ื™ืช ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื.
02:06
These factors are changing the environment much faster than they have in the past.
31
126538
4666
ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ ืžืฉื”ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
02:11
Even for communities with the resources to take action,
32
131704
3125
ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืขื ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”,
02:14
the variable pace and nature of these changes makes them difficult to adapt to.
33
134829
4959
ื”ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืžืฉืชื ื” ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช.
02:19
And the vulnerable populations most impacted by climate change
34
139996
3917
ื•ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
02:23
are often those least responsible.
35
143913
2583
ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช.
02:26
Many facing climate mobility live in farming and fishing communities
36
146913
3791
ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืงืœื™ืžื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื™ื’
02:30
in countries that generate dramatically fewer emissions
37
150704
3209
ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช
02:33
than their larger counterparts.
38
153913
1666
ืžื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
02:35
Bangladesh is one such country.
39
155913
2416
ื‘ื ื’ืœื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื–ื•.
02:38
The nation has a unique combination of low-lying geography
40
158329
3625
ืœืื•ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”
02:41
and heavily populated coastal regions.
41
161954
2875
ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืคื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื›ืœืกื™ื.
02:45
Most of these vulnerable coastal families, like those in Mohammadpur,
42
165163
4083
ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื›ืžื• ื–ื• ื‘ืžื•ื—ืžื“ืคื•ืจ,
02:49
donโ€™t want to abandon their homes and livelihoods.
43
169246
3167
ืœื ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื ื˜ื•ืฉ ืืช ื‘ื™ืชืŸ ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ืชืŸ.
02:52
And for others, leaving Bangladesh isnโ€™t financially practical.
44
172663
3916
ื•ืœืื—ืจื™ื, ืขื–ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื ื’ืœื“ืฉ ืœื ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.
02:56
So to stay with their communities,
45
176913
1916
ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืืจ ืขื ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
02:58
many have moved a few meters inland
46
178829
2292
ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ืจื• ื›ืžื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื”
03:01
and built more resilient homes on higher ground or elevated stilts.
47
181121
4375
ื•ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืชื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืื“ืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื.
03:05
Others have tried to buy land on newly emerging islands in the delta,
48
185663
4250
ืื—ืจื•ืช ื ื™ืกื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื“ืžื” ืขืœ ืื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื‘ื“ืœืชื”,
03:09
while some have sent family members to find work in nearby cities.
49
189913
3666
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื›ืžื” ืฉืœื—ื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
03:13
A handful of individuals might even cross international borders,
50
193788
3833
ืžืกืคืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื—ืฆื• ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื,
03:17
if they have family, friends, or work connections on the other side.
51
197621
3542
ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ืื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
03:21
But many of the residents whoโ€™ve left are eager to return home.
52
201413
3625
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืขื–ื‘ื• ืœื”ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
03:25
Unfortunately, it's unclear when weather extremes will die down,
53
205663
3875
ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืชื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื™ื™ืจื’ืข,
03:29
and the government has repeatedly delayed projects to build concrete embankments
54
209788
4041
ื•ื“ื•ื•ื— ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขื™ืงื‘ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ
03:33
that would prevent further erosion.
55
213829
2167
ืฉื™ืžื ืขื• ืฉื—ื™ืงื” ื ื•ืกืคืช.
03:36
In other parts of the world,
56
216621
1417
ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
03:38
people couldnโ€™t move inland even if they wanted to.
57
218038
3125
ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื ื•ืข ืคื ื™ืžื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื ืจืฆื•.
03:41
The low-lying Pacific Island nations of Kiribati and Tuvalu
58
221621
3958
ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ืคื™ื™ื ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื™ืจื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื•
03:45
are only 811 square kilometers and 26 square kilometers, respectively;
59
225579
5750
ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ 811 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื• 26 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”;
03:51
so migration would mean moving to a different country altogether.
60
231621
3625
ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืžืฉืžืขื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช ืœื’ืžืจื™.
03:55
Instead, their governments and citizens have united
61
235538
3166
ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•
03:58
in physically, legally, and politically fortifying their countries.
62
238704
3959
ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช.
04:03
Island residents are planting coastal mangrove forests,
63
243038
3375
ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืฉื•ืชืœื™ื ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžื ื’ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืคื™ื™ื,
04:06
and building up low-lying areas of land with dredged sand
64
246538
3916
ื•ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื” ืขื ื—ื•ืœ ืฉื ื—ืคืจ ื‘ื™ื
04:10
to shield themselves against storms and rising sea levels.
65
250454
3584
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืžืกืขืจื•ืช ื•ืคื ื™ ื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ื.
04:14
And the islandsโ€™ governments have repeatedly lobbied on the global stage
66
254121
3750
ื•ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื”ืื™ื™ื ืขืฉื• ืœื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ื’ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช
04:17
for countries with the highest emissions to reduce pollution
67
257871
3375
ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื
04:21
and take responsibility for climate change.
68
261246
2917
ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
04:24
The challenges facing each coastal community are unique,
69
264871
3167
ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื—ื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™,
04:28
and the diversity of the people's experiences can make climate mobility
70
268038
3833
ื•ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืงืœื™ื
04:31
a difficult phenomenon to measure and define.
71
271871
2708
ืœืชื•ืคืขื” ืงืฉื” ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื’ื“ืจื”.
04:35
But as new communities are endangered by extreme weather,
72
275246
3417
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื™ืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™,
04:38
itโ€™s more important than ever to listen to those
73
278663
3250
ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืืœื•
04:41
on the front lines of this crisis.
74
281913
2416
ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7