What would happen if everyone stopped eating meat tomorrow? - Carolyn Beans

905,613 views ใƒป 2023-10-05

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: zeeva livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:07
Let's explore a hypothetical together.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ืงื•ืจ ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื™ืคื•ืชื–ื”.
00:09
There are over four times as many livestock as people.
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ื™ืฉ ืคื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืชื•ืจื‘ืชื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื.
00:12
Farmed cattle alone weigh nearly ten times as much
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ื‘ืงืจ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื‘ื“ื• ืฉื•ืงืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืคื™ ืขืฉืจื”
00:15
as all wild mammals combined.
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ืžื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืงื™ ื”ื‘ืจ ื’ื ื™ื—ื“.
00:17
So imagine if a wizard of meatless dining suddenly appeared
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ืื– ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืื ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืงื•ืกื ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืœื ื‘ืฉืจ
00:20
and with one wave of a wand wiped away all meat from our shelvesโ€”
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ื•ืขื ื”ื ืฃ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื˜ ืžื—ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื”ืžื“ืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื•-
00:24
along with any desire to eat it.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืื•ืชื•.
00:26
Farm animals destined for food vanishโ€” whisked away to another planet.
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ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ื ืขืœืžื•ืช- ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืคืœื ื˜ื” ืื—ืจืช.
00:31
What happens in the following days, years, and even millennia?
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื, ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช?
00:35
Overnight, food related greenhouse gas emissions drop by about 63%.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืœื”, ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ื‘ื› -63%.
00:40
We no longer get protein and key nutrients
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื
00:43
from the approximately 70 billion chickens, 1.5 billion pigs,
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ืžื›-70 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื•ืช, 1.5 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื,
00:48
300 million cattle, and 200 million tons of fish and shellfish
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300 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืช ื•-200 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื’ื™ื ื•ืจื›ื™ื›ื•ืช
00:52
processed for consumption each year.
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ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื• ืœืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”.
00:54
To help fill this nutritional gap,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ ื”ื–ื”,
00:56
our demand for fruits, vegetables, and legumes go upโ€”
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ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื•ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื” -
01:00
a diet that most dietitians agree contains all of the nutrients we need
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ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื™ืื˜ื ื™ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื ื•
01:05
for a healthy life.
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ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื.
01:06
But initially there arenโ€™t enough of these foods to go around.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
01:10
The rise in demand causes produce costs to soar.
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ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืœื”ืžืจื™ื.
01:13
In regions like Mongolia,
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื•ื ื’ื•ืœื™ื”,
01:14
where the harsh environment makes it difficult to grow vegetables,
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงืฉื” ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื™ืจืงื•ืช,
01:18
a sudden lack of meat leaves people with little to eat.
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ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืคืชืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื•ืชื™ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืœืื›ื•ืœ.
01:21
Cultures built around meat lose their foundations.
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ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉืจ ืžืื‘ื“ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ.
01:25
Members of salmon-eating tribes in the Pacific Northwest of the United States,
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ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ ืกืœืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
01:29
for example, lose not only sustenance and livelihoods,
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืคืจื ืกื” ื•ืžื—ื™ื”,
01:32
but an integral component of their religion.
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ืืœื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžื“ืชื.
01:35
Tens of millions of anglers lose work that was already threatened
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ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื™ืžืช
01:38
by dwindling fish populations.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื”ืžืชื“ืœื“ืœื•ืช.
01:40
As the meat industry collapses,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืงื•ืจืกืช, ืžืฉืงื™ ื‘ื™ืช
01:42
many households in developing countries are left scrambling for income
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ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ื ืื‘ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื”
01:46
that once came from livestock farming.
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ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืคืขื ืžื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.
01:48
Some meat producers shift to agricultural crops,
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ื—ืœืง ืžื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื,
01:51
which leave workersโ€” and neighboring communitiesโ€”
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ืžื” ืฉืžืฉืื™ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื›ื ื•ืช
01:54
less susceptible to respiratory diseases associated with livestock production.
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.
01:58
As crop agriculture expands, prices come down.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืžืชืจื—ื‘ืช, ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื.
02:02
Ultimately, vegetarianism becomes less expensive than meat-eating
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืฆืžื—ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจื” ืžืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ
02:05
in most countries.
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ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืื“ืžื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื“ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื”.
02:07
Luckily, we donโ€™t need to clear new farmland to grow all this food.
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02:11
Without animals raised for meat,
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ืœืœื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื’ื“ืœื• ืœื‘ืฉืจ,
02:13
land that had been used to grow feed is now available.
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ืื“ืžื” ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื” ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื” ื›ืขืช.
02:16
All things considered, our new diets require less land and water.
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืื“ืžื” ื•ืžื™ื.
02:21
Millions of deaths are avoided every year,
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ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืžืงืจื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”,
02:23
thanks in part to lower rates of heart disease, cancer,
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ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืงื, ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘, ืกืจื˜ืŸ
02:26
and other conditions associated with red meat consumption.
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ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืื“ื•ื.
02:29
We no longer contract new pathogens from wild animals hunted for food,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืคืชื•ื’ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ืฆื•ื“ื• ืœืžืื›ืœ,
02:33
or novel influenza viruses from farmed pigs,
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ืื• ื ื’ื™ืคื™ ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื,
02:36
or drug-resistant superbugs that develop in beef cattle
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ืื• ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™-ืขืœ ืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจ
02:40
that have been preemptively fed antibiotics.
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ืฉื”ื•ื–ื ื• ืžืจืืฉ ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”.
02:43
As the years pass, global biodiversity rises
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื—ื•ืœืคื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืขื•ืœื”
02:46
as habitat loss, pesticide use, and other pressures from agriculture subside.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื—ืฆื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืฉื•ื›ื›ื™ื.
02:51
Amazonian birds have more forest to fly over.
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ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืžื–ื•ื ืก ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขืจ ืœืขื•ืฃ ืžืขืœื™ื•.
02:54
Fewer cheetahs are shot for stalking too close to livestock.
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ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจื“ืœืกื™ื ื ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžื“ื™ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.
02:57
Bee, wasp, and butterfly communities thrive as natural areas expand.
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ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ืฆืจืขื•ืช ื•ืคืจืคืจื™ื ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืžืชืจื—ื‘ื™ื.
03:03
In turn, insect-pollinated crops produce higher yields.
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ื‘ืชื•ืจื•, ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ืจืงื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืชื ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:07
Many ocean species rebound from overfishing.
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ืžื™ื ื™ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชืื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžื“ื™ื’ ื™ืชืจ.
03:10
Throughout history, humans in traditionally vegetarian regions
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฆืžื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื
03:13
have evolved a genetic mutation
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ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช
03:15
that helps them more efficiently process fats from plants.
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ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœื”ื ืœืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื ืžืฆืžื—ื™ื.
03:18
So over thousands of years,
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ืื– ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
03:20
our bodies may evolve to make the most of our veggies.
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ื’ื•ืคื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ ืžื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
03:22
Or we may lose some adaptations, like the ability to extract iron from meat.
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ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืื‘ื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืชืืžื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื—ืœืฅ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืžื‘ืฉืจ.
03:27
Of course, a wizard will not turn our world meatless.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืงื•ืกื ืœื ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื ื• ืœื ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ.
03:30
Though many individuals are choosing to go vegetarian,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืžื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื,
03:33
globally, meat eating is still on the rise.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื’ืžืช ืขืœื™ื™ื”.
03:36
This trend spells trouble for our climate.
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ืžื’ืžื” ื–ื• ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืฆืจื•ืช ืœืืงืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
03:38
Even if we suddenly stopped burning fossil fuels,
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ื’ื ืื ืคืชืื•ื ื ืคืกื™ืง ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื,
03:41
business as usual food systems paired with a growing population
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ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื”
03:44
would push global temperatures over 1.5ยฐC by the end of the century.
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ื™ื“ื—ืคื• ืืช ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื•ืช ืืœ ืžืขืœ 1.5 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื”.
03:49
Cattle are the biggest culprit.
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ื”ื‘ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืฉื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:51
Beef and dairy production are responsible for over 60% of all food-based emissions,
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ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจ ื•ื—ืœื‘ ืื—ืจืื™ื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืž -60% ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
03:56
while only providing around 18% of the world's calories.
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ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืง ืจืง ื› -18% ืžื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
03:59
In fact, diets containing modest portions of meats like chicken
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื ื•ืช ืฆื ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืขื•ืฃ
04:03
often produce less greenhouse gas than vegetarian diets high in dairy.
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ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื” ืžืืฉืจ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฆืžื—ื•ื ื™ืช ืขืชื™ืจืช ื—ืœื‘.
04:07
Reducing beef, cheese, and milk consumption could go a long way
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ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจ, ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื—ืœื‘ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืืจื•ื›ื”
04:11
toward achieving many of the benefits of a meatless worldโ€”
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ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืœืœื ื‘ืฉืจ -
04:14
no magic required.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืงืกื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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