The art of the metaphor - Jane Hirshfield

1,585,617 views ใƒป 2012-09-24

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: tom carter Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
0
0
7000
ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Orr Schlesinger
00:14
When we talk, sometimes we say things directly.
1
14680
3216
ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช.
00:17
"I'm going to the store, I'll be back in five minutes."
2
17920
2816
"ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื—ื ื•ืช, ืื ื™ ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขื•ื“ ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช."
00:20
Other times though, we talk in a way that conjures up a small scene.
3
20760
3616
ื‘ืคืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš
ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืกืฆื ื” ืงื˜ื ื”.
00:24
"It's raining cats and dogs out," we say,
4
24400
2576
"ื™ื•ืจื“ ื’ืฉื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ," ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืื•
00:27
or "I was waiting for the other shoe to drop."
5
27000
2976
"ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื›ื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืชื™ืคื•ืœ."
00:30
Metaphors are a way to talk about one thing
6
30000
2536
ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ื“
00:32
by describing something else.
7
32560
1936
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
00:34
That may seem roundabout, but it's not.
8
34520
2936
ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืœืœื›ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื.
00:37
Seeing and hearing and tasting are how we know anything first.
9
37480
3616
ืจืื™ื” ื•ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื•ื˜ืขื ื”ื ืื™ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
00:41
The philosopher William James described the world of newborn infants
10
41120
4016
ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ืชื™ืืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืจืง ื ื•ืœื“ื•
00:45
as a "buzzing and blooming confusion."
11
45160
3016
ื› "ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ืžื–ืžื–ื ื•ืคื•ืจื—."
00:48
Abstract ideas are pale things
12
48200
2296
ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืคืจื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
00:50
compared to those first bees and blossoms.
13
50520
2680
00:53
Metaphors think with the imagination and the senses.
14
53640
3216
ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื.
00:56
The hot chili peppers in them explode in the mouth and the mind.
15
56880
4136
ื”ืคืœืคืœ ื”ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื‘ื”ื ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืคื” ื•ื‘ืžื•ื—.
01:01
They're also precise.
16
61040
1456
ื”ื ื’ื ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื™ื.
01:02
We don't really stop to think about a raindrop
17
62520
2176
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ืชื•ืœ ืื• ื›ืœื‘,
01:04
the size of an actual cat or dog,
18
64720
2136
01:06
but as soon as I do,
19
66880
1456
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉื”ื›ืœื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ --
01:08
I realize that I'm quite certain the dog has to be a small one --
20
68360
3456
01:11
a cocker spaniel, or a dachshund --
21
71840
2376
ืงื•ืงืจ ืกืคื ื™ืืœ, ืื• ื“ื•ืงืกื”ืื•ื ื“ - ื•ืœื ื’ื•ืœื“ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื“ื•ืจ
01:14
and not a golden Lab or Newfoundland.
22
74240
2896
ืื• ื ื™ื•ืคืื•ื ื“ืœื ื“. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื’ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
01:17
I think a beagle might be about right.
23
77160
2560
ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืื• ืœื ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœ.
01:20
A metaphor isn't true or untrue in any ordinary sense.
24
80400
4056
01:24
Metaphors are art, not science,
25
84480
2456
ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ืœื ืžื“ืข, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืื• ืœื.
01:26
but they can still feel right or wrong.
26
86960
2576
01:29
A metaphor that isn't good leaves you confused.
27
89560
3016
ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื” ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืฉืื™ืจื” ืืชื›ื ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœื™ื.
01:32
You know what it means to feel like a square wheel,
28
92600
3016
ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ื’ืœื’ืœ ืžืจื•ื‘ืข,
01:35
but not what it's like to be tired as a whale.
29
95640
2766
ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ื™ืฃ ื›ืœื•ื•ื™ืชืŸ.
01:38
There's a paradox to metaphors.
30
98840
1936
ื™ืฉ ืคืจื“ื•ืงืก ืœืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื•ืช.
01:40
They almost always say things that aren't true.
31
100800
3016
ื”ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
01:43
If you say, "there's an elephant in the room,"
32
103840
2456
ืื ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ, "ื™ืฉ ืคื™ืœ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ,"
01:46
there isn't an actual one,
33
106320
1816
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ืื—ื“ ืืžื™ืชื™, ืฉืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืงืขืจืช ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ.
01:48
looking for the peanut dish on the table.
34
108160
2416
01:50
Metaphors get under your skin by ghosting right past the logical mind.
35
110600
4936
ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื—ืจื™ืฉื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
01:55
Plus, we're used to thinking in images.
36
115560
2296
ื•ืขื•ื“, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืจื’ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
01:57
Every night we dream impossible things.
37
117880
2736
ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืœืžื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื.
02:00
And when we wake up, that way of thinking's still in us.
38
120640
3296
ื•ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื, ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•.
02:03
We take off our dream shoes,
39
123960
1736
ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืœืฆื™ื ืืช ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช,
02:05
and button ourselves into our lives.
40
125720
2328
ื•ืžื›ืคืชืจื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
02:08
Some metaphors include the words "like" or "as."
41
128840
3736
ื›ืžื” ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื›ืžื•" ืื• "ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœ."
02:12
"Sweet as honey," "strong as a tree."
42
132600
2576
"ืžืชื•ืง ื›ื“ื‘ืฉ," "ื—ื–ืง ื›ืขืฅ."
02:15
Those are called similes.
43
135200
1736
ืืœื” ื ืงืจืื™ื ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื.
02:16
A simile is a metaphor that admits it's making a comparison.
44
136960
3390
ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื” ืฉืžื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”.
02:20
Similes tend to make you think.
45
140920
2047
ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘.
02:22
Metaphors let you feel things directly.
46
142991
3305
ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ืœื›ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช.
02:26
Take Shakespeare's famous metaphor,
47
146320
2376
ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ,
02:28
"All the world's a stage."
48
148720
1720
"ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื”." "ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžื”" ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืจืื” ื—ืœืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:30
"The world is like a stage" just seems thinner, and more boring.
49
150840
4193
ื•ืžืฉืขืžื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:35
Metaphors can also live in verbs.
50
155520
2000
ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื’ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคืขืœื™ื.
02:38
Emily Dickinson begins a poem,
51
158000
2176
ืืžื™ืœื™ ื“ื™ืงื ืกื•ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืคื•ืืžื” "ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ื“ืจืš, ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืชืคื•ืจื™ื,"
02:40
"I saw no way -- the heavens were stitched --"
52
160200
3296
02:43
and we know instantly
53
163520
1216
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื™ื“ ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ ืฉืชืคื•ืจ ืกื’ื•ืจ.
02:44
what it would feel like if the sky were a fabric sewn shut.
54
164760
3920
ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ืชื•ืืจ.
02:49
They can live in adjectives, too.
55
169440
1976
"ืžื™ื ืฉืงื˜ื™ื ื—ื•ื“ืจื™ื ืขืžื•ืง," ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
02:51
"Still waters run deep," we say of someone quiet and thoughtful.
56
171440
4496
ืฉืงื˜ ื•ืžื”ื•ืจื”ืจ. ื•ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžื•
02:55
And the deep matters as much as the stillness and the water do.
57
175960
3600
ื”ืฉืงื˜ ื•ื”ืžื™ื.
03:00
One of the clearest places to find good metaphors is in poems.
58
180000
4616
ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืคื•ืืžื•ืช.
03:04
Take this haiku by the 18th-century Japanese poet Issa.
59
184640
4401
ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื™ืงื• ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ื™ืคื ื™ ืžื”ืžืื” ื”18 ืื™ืกื”.
03:09
"On a branch floating downriver, a cricket singing."
60
189600
3800
"ืขืœ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืฆืฃ ืœื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื ื”ืจ, ืฆืจืฆืจ ืฉืจ."
03:14
The first way to meet a metaphor is just to see the world through its eyes:
61
194280
4736
ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื ื™ื•:
03:19
an insect sings from a branch passing by in the middle of the river.
62
199040
3678
ื—ืจืง ืฉืจ ืขืœ ืขื ืฃ ื—ื•ืœืฃ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื ื”ืจ.
03:23
Even as you see that though,
63
203320
1376
ืื‘ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ื”, ื—ืœืง ืžื›ื ืžื–ื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”
03:24
some part of you recognizes in the image
64
204720
2256
ืคื•ืจื˜ืจื˜ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื” ื–ื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื–ืžืŸ,
03:27
a small portrait of what it's like to live in this world of change and time,
65
207000
5056
03:32
our human fate is to vanish, as surely as that small cricket will,
66
212080
4376
ื’ื•ืจืœื ื• ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืขืœื, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฆืจืฆืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื ื™ืขืœื,
03:36
and still, we do what it does.
67
216480
2456
ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืจื™ื.
03:38
We live, we sing.
68
218960
1680
03:41
Sometimes a poem takes a metaphor and extends it,
69
221520
3720
ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืคื•ืืžื•ืช ืœื•ืงื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื” ื•ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืชื”,
03:45
building on one idea in many ways.
70
225880
2600
ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.
03:49
Here's the beginning of Langston Hughes' famous poem
71
229120
3336
ื”ื ื” ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืืžื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ืฉืœ ืœื ื“ืกื˜ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื– "ืื ืœื‘ืŸ."
03:52
"Mother to Son."
72
232480
1400
03:54
"Well, son, I'll tell you.
73
234440
2376
"ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื‘ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ื“ ืœืš. ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœ.
03:56
Life for me ain't been no crystal stair.
74
236840
2640
03:59
It's had tacks in it, and splinters,
75
239880
2296
ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื” ื ืขืฆื™ื, ื•ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื,
04:02
and boards torn up,
76
242200
1296
ื•ืงืจืฉื™ื ืงืจื•ืขื™ื, ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœืœื ืฉื˜ื™ื— ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื”."
04:03
and places with no carpet on the floor."
77
243520
2600
04:06
Langston Hughes is making a metaphor that compares
78
246640
3176
ืœื ื’ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื– ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื” ืฉืžืฉื•ื•ื”
04:09
a hard life to a wrecked house you still have to live in.
79
249840
3616
ื—ื™ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจื•ืก ืฉืืชื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื•.
04:13
Those splinters and tacks feel real,
80
253480
2696
ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื•ื”ื ืขืฆื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื,
04:16
they hurt your own feet and your own heart,
81
256200
2776
ื”ื ื›ื•ืื‘ื™ื ืœืจื’ืœื™ื›ื ืฉืœื›ื ื•ืขืœ ืœื‘ื‘ื›ื,
04:19
but the mother is describing her life here,
82
259000
2576
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืžืชืืจืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื” ืคื”,
04:21
not her actual house.
83
261600
1696
ืœื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืขืฆืžื•.
04:23
And hunger, and cold, exhausting work and poverty
84
263320
3736
ื•ืจืขื‘, ืงื•ืจ ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืชื™ืฉื” ื•ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ื ื’ื ืžื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
04:27
are what's also inside those splinters.
85
267080
2486
04:30
Metaphors aren't always about our human lives and feelings.
86
270160
3376
ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
04:33
The Chicago poet Carl Sandburg wrote,
87
273560
2776
ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืžืฉื™ืงืื’ื• ืงืืจืœ ืกืื ื“ื‘ืจื’ ื›ืชื‘
04:36
"The fog comes on little cat feet.
88
276360
2896
"ื”ืขืจืคืœ ื‘ื ืขืœ ืจื’ืœื™ ื—ืชื•ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื ืžืœ ื•ืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืจื›ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืžืžื•ืช, ื•ืื– ืžืžืฉื™ืš."
04:39
It sits looking over harbor and city on silent haunches,
89
279280
4456
04:43
and then moves on."
90
283760
1656
04:45
The comparison here is simple.
91
285440
2296
ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
04:47
Fog is being described as a cat.
92
287760
2223
ืขืจืคืœ ืžืชื•ืืจ ื›ื—ืชื•ืœ.
04:50
But a good metaphor isn't a puzzle,
93
290320
2176
ืื‘ืœ ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ื—ื™ื“ื”,
04:52
or a way to convey hidden meanings,
94
292520
2136
ืื• ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช,
04:54
it's a way to let you feel and know something differently.
95
294680
3600
ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจืช.
04:58
No one who's heard this poem forgets it.
96
298920
2216
ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืฉืฉืžืข ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื•ื›ื— ืื•ืชื•.
05:01
You see fog,
97
301160
1216
ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืขืจืคืœ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ืชื•ืœ ืืคื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื“.
05:02
and there's a small grey cat nearby.
98
302400
2234
05:05
Metaphors give words a way to go beyond their own meaning.
99
305160
3856
ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืœื™ื ื“ืจืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ.
ื”ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืขืช,
05:09
They're handles on the door of what we can know,
100
309040
2376
05:11
and of what we can imagine.
101
311440
1600
ื•ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ.
05:13
Each door leads to some new house,
102
313720
2296
ื›ืœ ื“ืœืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•,
05:16
and some new world that only that one handle can open.
103
316040
4160
ื•ืขื•ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืจืง ื”ื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคืชื•ื—.
05:20
What's amazing is this:
104
320720
1896
ื•ืžื” ืฉืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื:
05:22
by making a handle,
105
322640
1616
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืช, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื.
05:24
you can make a world.
106
324280
1600
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7