Can loud music damage your hearing? - Heather Malyuk

702,551 views ใƒป 2021-03-02

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Naama Lieberman
00:10
After a three-hour concert by her favorite Norwegian metal band,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืœื”ืงืช ื”ืžื˜ืืœ ื”ื ื•ืจื‘ื’ื™ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื”,
00:13
Anja finds it difficult to hear her friend rave about the show.
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ืื ื™ื” ืžื’ืœื” ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื”.
00:17
It sounds like he's speaking from across the room,
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ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ื“ืจ,
00:20
and itโ€™s tough to make out his muted voice over the ringing in her ears.
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ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ืžืขื•ืžืขื ืฉืœื• ืžืขืœ ื”ืฆืœืฆื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื”.
00:24
By the next morning, the effect has mostly worn off,
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ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ื‘ื, ื”ืืคืงื˜ ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืขืœื,
00:27
but Anja still has questions.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืื ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฉืืœื•ืช.
00:30
What caused the symptoms? Is her hearing going to fully recover?
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ืžื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืชื•ืคืขื”? ื”ืื ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืฉืœื” ืชืฉืชืงื ืœื’ืžืจื™?
00:34
And can she still go to concerts without damaging her ears?
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ื•ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื”?
00:38
To answer these questions,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
00:40
we first need to understand what sound is and how we hear it.
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืœ ื•ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
00:44
Like a pebble creating ripples in water,
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ื›ืžื• ืื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื,
00:47
sound is created when displaced molecules vibrate through space.
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ืงื•ืœ ื ื•ืฆืจ ื›ืฉืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื—ื•ืช ืจื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืœ.
00:51
While sound vibrations can travel through solids and liquids,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืจื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืช ืงื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื ื•ืข ื“ืจืš ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื ื•ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื,
00:56
our ears have evolved to process vibrations in the air.
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ื”ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ืœืขื‘ื“ ืจื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
00:59
These waves of air pressure enter our ear canals and bounce off the eardrum.
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ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฅ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืชืขืœืช ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืžืงืคืฆื™ื ืขืœ ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืฃ.
01:05
A trio of bones called the ossicular chain
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจืื•ืช ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืื•ืกื™ืงื•ืœืจื™ืช
01:08
then carries those vibrations into the cochlea,
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ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ืื– ืืช ื”ืจื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืœืฉื‘ืœื•ืœ,
01:11
transforming waves of air pressure into waves of cochlear fluid.
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ืฉืžืžื™ืจ ื’ืœื™ ืœื—ืฅ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืœื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื•ื–ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืœื•ืœ.
01:15
Here, our perception of sound begins to take form.
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ืคื”, ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช.
01:20
The waves of fluid move the basilar membrane,
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ื’ืœื™ ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ืžื–ื™ื–ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืžื‘ืจื ื” ื”ื‘ื–ื™ืœืจื™ืช,
01:23
a tissue lined with tens of thousands of hair cells.
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ืงืจื•ื ื“ืงื™ืง ืฉืžืจื•ืคื“ ื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืชืื™ ืฉื™ืขืจ.
01:28
The specific vibration of these hair cells and the stereocilia on top of each one
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ื”ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ืืœื• ื•ื”ืกื™ืกื™ื ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“
01:33
determine the auditory signal our brain perceives.
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ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืขืชื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืงื•ืœื˜.
01:37
Unfortunately, these essential cells are also quite vulnerable.
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ื’ื ื“ื™ ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื.
01:42
There are two properties of sound that can damage these cells.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืชืื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
01:46
The first is volume.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
01:47
The louder a sound is, the greater the pressure of its vibrations.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืงื•ืœ ืจื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืœื—ืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:52
While the earโ€™s upper limits vary from person to person,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืžืื“ื ืœืื“ื,
01:55
close range exposure to sound exceeding 120 decibels
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ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืžื˜ื•ื•ื— ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฆืœื™ืœ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 120 ื“ืฆื™ื‘ืœ
01:59
can instantly bend or blow out hair cells, resulting in permanent hearing damage.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ ืœื›ื•ืคืฃ ืื• ืœื”ืขื™ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืชืื™ ืฉื™ืขืจ, ืžื” ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขื”.
02:05
The pressure of more powerful sounds can even dislocate the ossicular chain
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ื”ืœื—ืฅ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืื•ืกื™ืงื•ืœืจื™ืช
02:10
or burst an eardrum.
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ืื• ืœืงืจื•ืข ืืช ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืฃ.
02:13
The other side of this equation is the soundโ€™s duration.
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ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืš ื”ืงื•ืœ.
02:16
While dangerously loud sounds can injure ears almost instantly,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื“,
02:20
hair cells can also be damaged
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ืชืื™ ืฉื™ืขืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคื’ื
02:22
by exposure to lower sound pressure for long periods.
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ืžื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืœื—ืฆื™ ืงื•ืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื›ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ื›ื™ื.
02:26
For example, hearing a hand dryer is safe for the 20 seconds youโ€™re using it.
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืฉืžื™ืขืช ืžื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืœ-20 ื”ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื•.
02:30
But if you listened for 8 consecutive hours,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืงืฉื‘ืชื ื‘ืžืฉืš 8 ืฉืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืคื•ืช,
02:34
this relatively low-pressure sound would overwork the stereocilia
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ื”ืงื•ืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื™ืขืžื™ืก ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืก ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™
02:38
and swell the hair cellโ€™s supporting tissue.
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ื•ื™ื ืคื— ืืช ื”ืจืงืžื” ื”ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ืชืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ.
02:41
Swollen hair cells are unable to vibrate with the appropriate speed and accuracy,
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ืชืื™ ืฉื™ืขืจ ื ืคื•ื—ื™ื ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืจื˜ื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื,
02:46
making hearing muffled.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืžืขื•ืžืขืžืช.
02:48
This kind of hearing loss is known as a temporary threshold shift,
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ืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ื”ื–ื—ืช ืกืฃ ื–ืžื ื™ืช,
02:52
and many people will experience it at least once in their lifetime.
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื•ื• ืื•ืชื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
02:56
In Anjaโ€™s case, the loud sounds of the concert
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืื ื™ื”, ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื”
02:59
only took three hours to cause this condition.
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ืœื•ืงื— ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
03:03
Fortunately, it's a temporary ailment that usually resolves
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื ืคืชืจืช
03:06
as swelling decreases over time.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืคื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
03:08
In most cases,
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ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื,
03:09
simply avoiding hazardous sounds gives hair cells all they need to recover.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืชืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืงื.
03:15
One temporary threshold shift isnโ€™t likely to cause permanent hearing loss.
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืกืฃ ื–ืžื ื™ ืื—ื“ ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขื”.
03:19
But frequent exposure to dangerous sound levels
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืชื›ื•ืคื” ืœืจืžื•ืช ืงื•ืœ ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช
03:22
can lead to a wide range of hearing disorders,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืขื”,
03:25
such as the constant buzz of tinnitus
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื–ืžื–ื•ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื ื™ื˜ื•ืก
03:28
or difficulty understanding speech in loud environments.
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ืื• ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื•ืขืฉื•ืช.
03:32
Overworked hair cells can also generate dangerous molecules
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ืชืื™ ืฉื™ืขืจ ืขื™ื™ืคื™ื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช
03:35
called reactive oxygen species.
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ืฉื ืงืจืื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื.
03:38
These molecules have unpaired electrons,
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ืœืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื™ืฉ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ืœื ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื,
03:41
driving them to steal electrons from nearby cells
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ืžื” ืฉืžื ื™ืข ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ืžืชืื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื
03:44
and cause permanent damage to the inner ear.
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ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืื•ื–ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช.
03:47
There are numerous strategies you can adopt for preventing hearing loss.
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ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืžืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืขื”.
03:51
Current research around earbud headphone use suggests keeping your volume
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ืžื—ืงืจ ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืœื™ื•ื
03:55
at 80% or less if youโ€™ll be listening for more than 90 minutes throughout the day.
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ื‘-80% ืื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืื ืืชื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-90 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ื•ื.
04:00
Noise-isolating headphones can also help you listen at lower volumes.
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ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืจืขืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื‘ื•ื•ืœื™ื•ื ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:05
Getting a baseline understanding of your hearing
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ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืฉืœื›ื
04:08
is essential to protecting your auditory system.
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ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื”.
04:11
Just like our eyes and teeth, our ears also need annual check-ups.
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช.
04:16
Not all communities have access to audiologists,
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ืœื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืื•ื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’,
04:19
but organizations around the world are developing portable hearing tests
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ืื‘ืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช
04:23
and easy-to-use apps to bring these vital resources to remote regions.
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ื•ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื.
04:28
Finally, wear earplugs when youโ€™re knowingly exposing yourself
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืื˜ืžื™ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ืžื•ื“ืข
04:32
to loud sounds for extended periods.
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ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืžืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช.
04:34
An earplugโ€™s effectiveness depends on how well youโ€™ve inserted it,
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ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื˜ืžื™ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืชื ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืื•ืชื,
04:38
so be careful to read the instructions.
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ืื– ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช.
04:41
But when worn correctly,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
04:43
they can ensure you'll be able to hear your favorite band
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืœื”ืงื” ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื›ื
04:46
for many nights to come.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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