Can loud music damage your hearing? - Heather Malyuk

684,543 views ใƒป 2021-03-02

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Juhyeon Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeongyeon Kim
00:10
After a three-hour concert by her favorite Norwegian metal band,
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด ๋ฉ”ํƒˆ ๋ฐด๋“œ์˜ 3์‹œ๊ฐ„์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ ํ›„
00:13
Anja finds it difficult to hear her friend rave about the show.
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์•ค์•ผ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ์นญ์ฐฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์„ ์•Œ์•„๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
It sounds like he's speaking from across the room,
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์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ ๊ฑด๋„ˆํŽธ์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ ธ๊ณ 
00:20
and itโ€™s tough to make out his muted voice over the ringing in her ears.
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์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ท€๊ฐ€ ์šธ๋ ค์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
By the next morning, the effect has mostly worn off,
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๋‹ค์Œ๋‚  ์•„์นจ์— ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ
00:27
but Anja still has questions.
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์•ค์•ผ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
What caused the symptoms? Is her hearing going to fully recover?
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๊ทธ ์ฆ์ƒ์˜ ์›์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์ฒญ๋ ฅ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
00:34
And can she still go to concerts without damaging her ears?
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ท€์— ์†์ƒ์„ ์ž…์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:38
To answer these questions,
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
00:40
we first need to understand what sound is and how we hear it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
Like a pebble creating ripples in water,
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์กฐ์•ฝ๋Œ์ด ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋“ฏ์ด
00:47
sound is created when displaced molecules vibrate through space.
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๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง„๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ง€๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
While sound vibrations can travel through solids and liquids,
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง„๋™์€ ๊ณ ์ฒด์™€ ์•ก์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:56
our ears have evolved to process vibrations in the air.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ท€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ์ง„๋™์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
These waves of air pressure enter our ear canals and bounce off the eardrum.
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์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์••๋ ฅํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ท“๊ตฌ๋ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์™€ ๊ณ ๋ง‰์„ ํŠ•๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
A trio of bones called the ossicular chain
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์ด์†Œ๊ณจ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ์กฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ผˆ๊ฐ€
01:08
then carries those vibrations into the cochlea,
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๊ทธ ์ง„๋™์„ ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
01:11
transforming waves of air pressure into waves of cochlear fluid.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ ์••๋ ฅํŒŒ๋Š” ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€ ๋‚ด ์ฒด์•ก์˜ ํŒŒ๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
Here, our perception of sound begins to take form.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
The waves of fluid move the basilar membrane,
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์ฒด์•ก์˜ ํŒŒ๋™์€ ๊ธฐ์ €๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:23
a tissue lined with tens of thousands of hair cells.
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์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ„ธ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์กฐ์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
The specific vibration of these hair cells and the stereocilia on top of each one
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์ด ํ„ธ์„ธํฌ์™€ ๊ทธ ๋์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋™์„ฌ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ง„๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ
01:33
determine the auditory signal our brain perceives.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
Unfortunately, these essential cells are also quite vulnerable.
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
There are two properties of sound that can damage these cells.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ์ด ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
The first is volume.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์Œ๋Ÿ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
The louder a sound is, the greater the pressure of its vibrations.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ์ง„๋™์˜ ์••๋ ฅ๋„ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
While the earโ€™s upper limits vary from person to person,
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์ฒญ๋ ฅ ์ƒํ•œ์„ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
01:55
close range exposure to sound exceeding 120 decibels
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120 ๋ฐ์‹œ๋ฒจ์„ ๋„˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด
01:59
can instantly bend or blow out hair cells, resulting in permanent hearing damage.
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ํ„ธ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊บผ์ ธ์„œ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ฒญ๋ ฅ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
The pressure of more powerful sounds can even dislocate the ossicular chain
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๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์••๋ ฅ์€ ๊ท“์†๋ผˆ๋ฅผ ํƒˆ๊ณจ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:10
or burst an eardrum.
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๊ณ ๋ง‰์„ ํ„ฐ๋œจ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
The other side of this equation is the soundโ€™s duration.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€์†์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
While dangerously loud sounds can injure ears almost instantly,
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฆ‰๊ฐ ๊ท€์— ์†์ƒ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€๋งŒ
02:20
hair cells can also be damaged
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ํ„ธ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ž‘์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์••๋ ฅ์—
02:22
by exposure to lower sound pressure for long periods.
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์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์†์ƒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
For example, hearing a hand dryer is safe for the 20 seconds youโ€™re using it.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์† ๊ฑด์กฐ๊ธฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ 20์ดˆ๊ฐ„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
But if you listened for 8 consecutive hours,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ์†์œผ๋กœ 8์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:34
this relatively low-pressure sound would overwork the stereocilia
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ์••์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€๋™์„ฌ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ˜น์‚ฌ์‹œ์ผœ
02:38
and swell the hair cellโ€™s supporting tissue.
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ํ„ธ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ง€์ง€์กฐ์ง์ด ๋ถ€์–ด์˜ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
Swollen hair cells are unable to vibrate with the appropriate speed and accuracy,
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๋ถ€์–ด์˜ค๋ฅธ ํ„ธ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์„œ
02:46
making hearing muffled.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•ˆ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
This kind of hearing loss is known as a temporary threshold shift,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์˜ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์†์‹ค์€ ์ผ์‹œ์  ์ฒญ๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:52
and many people will experience it at least once in their lifetime.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ƒ๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ด์ƒ์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
In Anjaโ€™s case, the loud sounds of the concert
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์•ค์•ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:59
only took three hours to cause this condition.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์„ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋งŒ์— ์ด ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
Fortunately, it's a temporary ailment that usually resolves
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜
03:06
as swelling decreases over time.
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๋ถ“๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋น ์ง€๋ฉด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
In most cases,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
03:09
simply avoiding hazardous sounds gives hair cells all they need to recover.
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ํ„ธ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ๊ทธ์ € ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
One temporary threshold shift isnโ€™t likely to cause permanent hearing loss.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์ผ์‹œ์  ์ฒญ๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค๋กœ ์˜๊ตฌ์  ์ฒญ๋ ฅ ์†์ƒ์ด ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
But frequent exposure to dangerous sound levels
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์••์— ์ž์ฃผ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด
03:22
can lead to a wide range of hearing disorders,
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๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒญ๋ ฅ ์žฅ์• ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
such as the constant buzz of tinnitus
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์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›…์›…๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋“ ๊ฐ€
03:28
or difficulty understanding speech in loud environments.
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์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ง์„ ์•Œ์•„๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋“ฑ์ด์ฃ .
03:32
Overworked hair cells can also generate dangerous molecules
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ํ˜น์‚ฌ๋‹นํ•œ ํ„ธ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ
03:35
called reactive oxygen species.
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์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
These molecules have unpaired electrons,
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์ด ๋ถ„์ž์—๋Š” ํ™€์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:41
driving them to steal electrons from nearby cells
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์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋บ์–ด์™€์„œ
03:44
and cause permanent damage to the inner ear.
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์•ˆ์ชฝ ๊ท€์— ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ž…ํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
There are numerous strategies you can adopt for preventing hearing loss.
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์ฒญ๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ „๋žต๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
Current research around earbud headphone use suggests keeping your volume
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์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 90๋ถ„ ์ด์ƒ ์ด์–ดํฐ์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:55
at 80% or less if youโ€™ll be listening for more than 90 minutes throughout the day.
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๋ณผ๋ฅจ์„ 80% ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธธ ๊ถŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
Noise-isolating headphones can also help you listen at lower volumes.
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์†Œ์Œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ํ—ค๋“œํฐ๋„ ์ž‘์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
Getting a baseline understanding of your hearing
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๋“ฃ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:08
is essential to protecting your auditory system.
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์ฒญ๋ ฅ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
Just like our eyes and teeth, our ears also need annual check-ups.
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์‹œ๋ ฅ, ์น˜์•„์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ฒญ๋ ฅ๋„ ๋งค๋…„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
Not all communities have access to audiologists,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ฒญ๋ ฅํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜
04:19
but organizations around the world are developing portable hearing tests
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ ์ฒญ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์™€
04:23
and easy-to-use apps to bring these vital resources to remote regions.
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์ด ์ž์›์„ ๋จผ ๊ณณ์— ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‰ฌ์šด ์•ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Finally, wear earplugs when youโ€™re knowingly exposing yourself
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์—
04:32
to loud sounds for extended periods.
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๋…ธ์ถœ๋  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๊ท€๋งˆ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:34
An earplugโ€™s effectiveness depends on how well youโ€™ve inserted it,
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๊ท€๋งˆ๊ฐœ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š” ์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ˆ
04:38
so be careful to read the instructions.
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์„ค๋ช…์„œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์˜๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์ฝ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
04:41
But when worn correctly,
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๊ท€๋งˆ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ
04:43
they can ensure you'll be able to hear your favorite band
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ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚ ๋“ค๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐด๋“œ๋ฅผ
04:46
for many nights to come.
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๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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