Where do superstitions come from? - Stuart Vyse

Otkud dolazi praznovjerje?

5,024,332 views

2017-03-09 ・ TED-Ed


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Where do superstitions come from? - Stuart Vyse

Otkud dolazi praznovjerje?

5,024,332 views ・ 2017-03-09

TED-Ed


Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove ispod za reprodukciju videozapisa.

Prevoditelj: Irma Komljenović Recezent: Ivan Stamenković
00:06
Are you afraid of black cats?
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Bojiš li se crnih mačaka?
00:09
Would you open an umbrella indoors?
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Bi li otvorio kišobran unutra?
00:11
And how do you feel about the number thirteen?
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I što misliš o broju trinaest?
00:15
Whether or not you believe in them,
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Vjeruješ li u njih ili ne,
00:17
you're probably familiar with a few of these superstitions.
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vjerojatno si upoznat s nekom vrstom praznovjerja.
00:20
So how did it happen that people all over the world
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Kako je moguće da ljudi po cijelome svijetu
00:23
knock on wood,
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kucaju po drvu,
00:25
or avoid stepping on sidewalk cracks?
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ili zaobilaze pukotine na pločniku?
00:28
Well, although they have no basis in science,
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Pa, iako se ne temelje na znanosti,
00:31
many of these weirdly specific beliefs and practices
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puno ovih čudno specifičnih vjerovanja i običaja
00:35
do have equally weird and specific origins.
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ima jednako čudno i specifično podrijetlo.
00:39
Because they involve supernatural causes,
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Pošto uključuju nadnaravne stvari,
00:41
it's no surprise that many superstitions are based in religion.
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nije ni čudo da je mnogo praznovjerja zasnovano na religiji.
00:45
For example. the number thirteen was associated with the biblical Last Supper,
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Na primjer, broj je trinaest povezan s biblijskom Posljednjom večerom,
00:50
where Jesus Christ dined with his twelve disciples
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na kojoj je Isus Krist objedovao sa svojih dvanaest apostola
00:53
just before being arrested and crucified.
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prije no što su ga uhitili i razapeli.
00:57
The resulting idea that having thirteen people at a table was bad luck
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Posljedica je toga ideja da trinaest ljudi za stolom donosi lošu sreću,
01:02
eventually expanded into thirteen being an unlucky number in general.
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a kasnije se proširila i broj je trinaest općenito prikazivan kao nesretan broj.
01:08
Now, this fear of the number thirteen, called triskaidekaphobia,
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Strah od broja trinaest, zvan triskaidekaphobia,
01:12
is so common that many buildings around the world skip the thirteenth floor,
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toliko je čest da mnoge zgrade po cijelome svijetu preskoče 13. kat,
01:18
with the numbers going straight from twelve to fourteen.
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pa broj s dvanaest skače na četrnaest.
01:22
Of course, many people consider the story of the Last Supper to be true
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Očito, puno ljudi smatra priču o Posljednjoj večeri istinitom,
01:26
but other superstitions come from religious traditions
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ali ostala praznovjerja dolaze iz vjerskih tradicija
01:29
that few people believe in or even remember.
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u koje malo ljudi vjeruje ili ih se sjeća.
01:33
Knocking on wood is thought to come from the folklore of the ancient Indo-Europeans
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Vjeruje se da je kucanje po drvu došlo iz folklora starih Indoeuropljana
01:37
or possibly people who predated them
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ili njihovih prethodnika,
01:40
who believed that trees were home to various spirits.
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koji su vjerovali da je drvo dom mnogih duhova.
01:44
Touching a tree would invoke the protection
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Dotaknuti drvo značilo bi prizvati zaštitu
01:46
or blessing of the spirit within.
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ili blagoslov duha.
01:50
And somehow,
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Nekako je
01:52
this tradition survived long after belief in these spirits had faded away.
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ova tradicija opstala i nakon što je vjerovanje u te duhove izblijedjelo.
01:56
Many superstitions common today in countries from Russia to Ireland
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Za praznovjerja česta danas u zemljama od Rusije do Irske
02:00
are thought to be remnants of the pagan religions that Christianity replaced.
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vjeruje se da potječu od paganskih vjera koje je kršćanstvo zamijenilo.
02:05
But not all superstitions are religious.
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No, ne dolazi svo praznovjerje od vjere.
02:08
Some are just based on unfortunate coincidences and associations.
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Neka su zasnovana na nesretnim slučajnostima i asocijacijama.
02:13
For example, many Italians fear the number 17
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Na primjer, puno se Talijana boji broja sedamnaest
02:16
because the Roman numeral XVII can be rearranged to form the word vixi,
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jer anagram rimskog broja XVII daje riječ vixi,
02:23
meaning my life had ended.
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što znači moj je život završio.
02:25
Similarly, the word for the number four
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Slično tome, riječ za broj četiri
02:27
sounds almost identical to the word for death
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zvuči gotovo identično riječi za smrt
02:30
in Cantonese,
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u kantonskom,
02:32
as well as languages like Japanese
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te jezicima poput japanskog
02:33
and Korean that have borrowed Chinese numerals.
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i korejskog, koji su posudili kineske brojeve.
02:37
And since the number one also sounds like the word for must,
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Broj jedan, recimo, zvuči slično riječi morati,
02:41
the number fourteen sounds like the phrase must die.
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pa broj četrnaest zvuči kao fraza 'moram umrijeti'.
02:45
That's a lot of numbers for elevators and international hotels to avoid.
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To je puno brojeva koje dizala i međunarodni hoteli moraju izbjegavati.
02:50
And believe it or not,
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Vjerovali ili ne,
02:51
some superstitions actually make sense,
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neka praznovjerja čak i imaju smisla,
02:53
or at least they did until we forgot their original purpose.
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ili su ga imala dok nismo zaboravili njihovu originalnu svrhu.
02:58
For example, theater scenery used to consist of large painted backdrops,
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Na primjer, kazališne scene tvorile su velike naslikane pozadine,
03:03
raised and lowered by stagehands who would whistle to signal each other.
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a podizali i spuštali su ih pomoćnici kojima je zviždanje bio simbol.
03:07
Absentminded whistles from other people could cause an accident.
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Usputni zvižduk drugih ljudi mogao je uzrokovati nesreću.
03:11
But the taboo against whistling backstage still exists today,
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Ipak tabu o zviždanju iza kulisa postoji i danas,
03:16
long after the stagehands started using radio headsets.
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dugo nakon što su pomoćnici počeli nositi slušalice.
03:20
Along the same lines, lighting three cigarettes from the same match
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Slično tome, upaliti tri cigarete istim upaljačem
03:24
really could cause bad luck if you were a soldier in a foxhole
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stvarno može donijeti nesreću ako si vojnik u rovovima
03:29
where keeping a match lit too long could draw attention from an enemy sniper.
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gdje šibica upaljena dovoljno dugo može privući pažnju neprijateljskog snajpera.
03:34
Most smokers no longer have to worry about snipers,
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Većina pušača više ne treba brinuti o snajperima,
03:37
but the superstition lives on.
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no praznovjerje i dalje živi.
03:39
So why do people cling to these bits of forgotten religions,
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Zašto se ljudi ipak drže komadića zaboravljenih religija,
03:42
coincidences,
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slučajnosti,
03:43
and outdated advice?
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i zastarjelih savjeta?
03:45
Aren't they being totally irrational?
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Nisu li iznimno nerazumni?
03:48
Well, yes, but for many people,
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Pa da, ali za mnoge ljude
03:50
superstitions are based more on cultural habit than conscious belief.
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praznovjerje je osnovano na kulturnoj navici nego svjesnoj navici.
03:54
After all, no one is born knowing to avoid walking under ladders
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Jer ipak, nitko nije rođen znajući da treba izbjegavati hodanje ispod ljestava
03:59
or whistling indoors,
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ili zviždanje unutra,
04:00
but if you grow up being told by your family to avoid these things,
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ali ako ti, dok odrastaš, obitelj govori da izbjegavaš te stvari,
04:04
chances are they'll make you uncomfortable,
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vjerojatno ćeš se zbog njih osjećati nelagodno,
04:06
even after you logically understand that nothing bad will happen.
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čak i kad shvatiš da se ništa loše neće dogoditi.
04:11
And since doing something like knocking on wood doesn't require much effort,
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Jer kucanje po drvu ne zahtjeva puno truda,
04:14
following the superstition is often easier than consciously resisting it.
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slijediti praznovjerje češće je lakše nego mu se svjesno opirati.
04:19
Besides, superstitions often do seem to work.
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Uostalom, praznovjerja često i djeluju.
04:23
Maybe you remember hitting a home run while wearing your lucky socks.
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Možda se sjećaš optrčavanja koje si napravio noseći svoje sretne čarape.
04:27
This is just our psychological bias at work.
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To je djelo psiholoških predrasuda.
04:29
You're far less likely to remember all the times you struck out
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Rijetko ćemo se sjetiti promašaja koje smo učinili
04:33
while wearing the same socks.
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noseći iste čarape.
04:35
But believing that they work could actually make you play better
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Zbog vjerovanja u njihovo djelovanje ipak možeš bolje igrati
04:39
by giving you the illusion of having greater control over events.
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jer ti daje iluziju veće kontrole nad događajima.
04:43
So in situations where that confidence can make a difference, like sports,
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U situacijama gdje vjerovanje može nešto promijeniti, recimo u sportu,
04:48
those crazy superstitions might not be so crazy after all.
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ludo praznovjerje možda i nije tako ludo.

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