Chris McKnett: The investment logic for sustainability

156,395 views ・ 2014-02-12

TED


請雙擊下方英文字幕播放視頻。

譯者: lin piao 審譯者: Dong Mao
00:12
The world is changing
0
12846
1303
世界正在變化
00:14
in some really profound ways,
1
14149
2712
一些深刻的變化
00:16
and I worry that investors
2
16861
1983
我擔心的是投資者
00:18
aren't paying enough attention
3
18844
1734
沒有注意到
00:20
to some of the biggest drivers of change,
4
20578
1865
世界變化的一些最強勁驅動力
00:22
especially when it comes to sustainability.
5
22443
3776
特別是永續發展
00:26
And by sustainability, I mean the really juicy things,
6
26219
3455
提到永續,我想真正有吸引力的是
00:29
like environmental and social issues
7
29674
1903
環境和社會話題
00:31
and corporate governance.
8
31577
2509
以及政府間的合作這樣的問題
00:34
I think it's reckless to ignore these things,
9
34086
2266
我想忽視這些問題是草率的做法
00:36
because doing so can jeopardize
10
36352
1646
因為忽視這些就會危害
00:37
future long-term returns.
11
37998
2469
未來長期的收益
00:40
And here's something that may surprise you:
12
40467
2196
有些事情會讓你吃驚:
00:42
the balance of power to really influence sustainability
13
42663
4671
真正影響永續的權力平衡
00:47
rests with institutional investors,
14
47334
2155
在於機構性投資者
00:49
the large investors like pension funds,
15
49489
3036
大投資家喜歡養老基金
00:52
foundations and endowments.
16
52525
2956
基金會和捐贈基金
00:55
I believe that sustainable investing
17
55481
1594
我相信永續性投資
00:57
is less complicated than you think,
18
57075
2650
並沒有你想得那麼複雜
00:59
better-performing than you believe,
19
59725
2028
比你相信的要更容易操作
01:01
and more important than we can imagine.
20
61753
2873
也比我們想像得要更重要
01:04
Let me remind you what we already know.
21
64626
3008
我來提醒一下大家 那些我們已經知道的東西
01:07
We have a population that's both growing and aging;
22
67634
3546
我們有一個不斷增長和老化的人口數量
01:11
we have seven billion souls today
23
71180
1846
現在世界上有 70 億人口
01:13
heading to 10 billion
24
73026
1426
本世紀末將
01:14
at the end of the century;
25
74452
1901
達到 100 億
01:16
we consume natural resources
26
76353
2498
我們消耗天然資源
01:18
faster than they can be replenished;
27
78851
2826
其速度比自然資源的補充要快
01:21
and the emissions that are mainly responsible
28
81677
2437
引起氣候變化的二氧化碳排放量
01:24
for climate change just keep increasing.
29
84114
4829
在持續增加
01:28
Now clearly, these are environmental and social issues,
30
88943
4217
現在很明顯 這些都是環境和社會問題
01:33
but that's not all.
31
93160
1932
但那還不是全部
01:35
They're economic issues,
32
95092
1972
這還是經濟問題
01:37
and that makes them relevant
33
97064
1736
所以這些問題也
01:38
to risk and return.
34
98800
3277
於風險和回報有關
01:42
And they are really complex
35
102077
2080
它們真的很複雜
01:44
and they can seem really far off,
36
104157
1665
看起來也真的很遙遠
01:45
that the temptation may be to do this:
37
105822
3286
所以沒甚麼吸引力讓人們去做:
01:49
bury our heads in the sand and not think about it.
38
109108
3366
把我們頭埋在沙子裡,不想這件事
01:52
Resist this, if you can. Don't do this at home.
39
112474
2650
如果可能,不要這麼做 不要在家裡做這個
01:55
(Laughter)
40
115124
1926
(笑聲)
01:57
But it makes me wonder
41
117050
1643
不過這禁不住讓我想
01:58
if the investment rules of today
42
118693
2013
今天的投資原理
02:00
are fit for purpose tomorrow.
43
120706
3245
是否適合將來的目標
02:03
We know that investors,
44
123951
1838
我們知道投資者
02:05
when they look at a company and decide whether to invest,
45
125789
2860
如果他們想知道一家公司是否值得投資
02:08
they look at financial data,
46
128649
1632
他們就去看財務資料
02:10
metrics like sales growth, cash flow, market share,
47
130281
4020
如銷售增長、 現金流量、 市場份額
02:14
valuation -- you know, the really sexy stuff.
48
134301
5412
市場估價這些指標 — — 你知道這些是很誘人的東西
02:19
And these things are fundamental, of course,
49
139713
2327
這些東西是當然是最基本的
02:22
but they're not enough.
50
142040
1765
但這還不夠
02:23
Investors should also look at performance metrics
51
143805
2449
投資者還應看看性能指標
02:26
in what we call ESG:
52
146254
1924
我們稱之為 ESG:
02:28
environment, social and governance.
53
148178
2842
環境 (E)、 社會 (S) 和治理 (G)
02:31
Environment includes energy consumption,
54
151020
4762
環境包括能源消耗
02:35
water availability, waste and pollution,
55
155782
5384
水的供應、廢品和污染
02:41
just making efficient uses of resources.
56
161166
3819
更有效地利用資源
02:44
Social includes human capital,
57
164985
2127
社會包括人力資本
02:47
things like employee engagement
58
167112
1868
像員工敬業程度
02:48
and innovation capacity,
59
168980
2344
和創新能力這些方面
02:51
as well as supply chain management
60
171324
3312
以及供應鏈的管理
02:54
and labor rights and human rights.
61
174636
3570
勞動權利和人權
02:58
And governance relates to the oversight
62
178206
1808
以及有董事會和投資者對公司
03:00
of companies by their boards and investors.
63
180014
3781
進行大方向的管理
03:03
See, I told you this is the really juicy stuff.
64
183795
3111
看,我說了這些是很吸引人的東西
03:06
But ESG is the measure of sustainability,
65
186906
4187
但 ESG 是來衡量永續的
03:11
and sustainable investing incorporates ESG factors
66
191093
4141
將永續投資於 ESG 因素相結合
03:15
with financial factors into the investment process.
67
195234
4117
與投資過程中的金融因素相結合
03:19
It means limiting future risk
68
199351
2128
它意味著減少未來風險
03:21
by minimizing harm to people and planet,
69
201479
3609
通過對人類和地球危害的最小化
03:25
and it means providing capital to users
70
205088
3615
這就意味著给用户提供資本
03:28
who deploy it towards productive
71
208703
2160
讓他們帶來有效益和
03:30
and sustainable outcomes.
72
210863
2724
可永續的成果
03:33
So if sustainability matters financially today,
73
213587
3164
如果今天永續影響著財政
03:36
and all signs indicate more tomorrow,
74
216751
2492
這就表明更多的可能性
03:39
is the private sector paying attention?
75
219243
3498
私營企业在關注嗎?
03:42
Well, the really cool thing is that most CEOs are.
76
222741
5981
嗯,很酷的是大多數 CEO 都關注這件事
03:48
They started to see sustainability
77
228722
1566
他們開始考慮永續
03:50
not just as important but crucial to business success.
78
230288
4244
因為它不僅重要 而且是企業成功的關鍵
03:54
About 80 percent of global CEOs
79
234532
2414
大約 80% 的全球 CEO
03:56
see sustainability as the root to growth in innovation
80
236946
4091
把永續看成是投資收益的根本
04:01
and leading to competitive advantage
81
241037
2393
可以在各自行業體現競爭的優勢
04:03
in their industries.
82
243430
1724
可以在各自行業體現競爭的優勢
04:05
But 93 percent see ESG as the future,
83
245154
3173
他們中 93% 把 ESG 看做是未來的方向
04:08
or as important to the future of their business.
84
248327
3049
或對他們生意的未來非常重要的部份
04:11
So the views of CEOs are clear.
85
251376
3217
所以這些 CEO 的認識是很清晰的
04:14
There's tremendous opportunity in sustainability.
86
254593
3187
在永續事業上有巨大的潛在機遇
04:17
So how are companies actually leveraging ESG
87
257780
3528
那麼這些公司實際上如何利用 ESG
04:21
to drive hard business results?
88
261308
2802
努力帶來他們生意上的成果呢?
04:24
One example is near and dear to our hearts.
89
264110
2521
有一個例子離我們的心很近很親切
04:26
In 2012, State Street migrated 54 applications
90
266631
3434
在 2012 年道富銀行把 54 個應用程式
04:30
to the cloud environment,
91
270065
1646
移入到雲環境中
04:31
and we retired another 85.
92
271711
2429
我們撤回了另外 85 個
04:34
We virtualized our operating system environments,
93
274140
2706
我們虛擬了我們的系統運行環境
04:36
and we completed numerous automation projects.
94
276846
3463
我們完成了許多自動化專案
04:40
Now these initiatives create a more mobile workplace,
95
280309
2532
現在這些倡議創造了 更多的移動工作場所
04:42
and they reduce our real estate footprint,
96
282841
2784
它們減少了我們的辦公場所
04:45
and they yield savings of 23 million dollars
97
285625
2640
每年的運營成本一共
04:48
in operating costs annually,
98
288265
3000
可以節省 2300 萬美元
04:51
and avoid the emissions
99
291265
1836
還可以避免廢氣排放
04:53
of a 100,000 metric tons of carbon.
100
293101
4450
那 100 萬噸的二氧化碳量
04:57
That's the equivalent of taking 21,000 cars
101
297551
3033
就相當於讓 21,000 輛汽車
05:00
off the road.
102
300584
1789
離開公路
05:02
So awesome, right?
103
302373
2639
很棒,對吧?
05:05
Another example is Pentair.
104
305012
2964
另一個例子是 Pentair
05:07
Pentair is a U.S. industrial conglomerate,
105
307976
2329
Pentair 是美國的一個工業集團
05:10
and about a decade ago,
106
310305
1580
大約 10 年前
05:11
they sold their core power tools business
107
311885
2487
他們賣掉了他們核心的電動工具業務
05:14
and reinvested those proceeds in a water business.
108
314372
4258
把收益投入到跟水有關的業務
05:18
That's a really big bet. Why did they do that?
109
318630
3963
那可是一個很大的賭注 他們為什麼那麼做?
05:22
Well, with apologies to the Home Improvement fans,
110
322593
2728
嗯,跟家居裝修迷們道個歉
05:25
there's more growth in water than in power tools,
111
325321
2922
水資源的利潤增長要比電動工具快
05:28
and this company has their sights set
112
328243
1922
這家公司很有眼光
05:30
on what they call "the new New World."
113
330165
2367
在他們所說的"新新世界"上
05:32
That's four billion middle class people
114
332532
2383
因為 40 億的中產階層
05:34
demanding food, energy and water.
115
334915
5154
對糧食、能源和水質量有要求
05:40
Now, you may be asking yourself,
116
340069
3124
現在你可能會問自己
05:43
are these just isolated cases?
117
343193
1666
這些只是個別的例子?
05:44
I mean, come on, really?
118
344859
1978
我的意思是 拜託,真的嗎?
05:46
Do companies that take sustainability into account
119
346837
2009
那些考慮永續的公司
05:48
really do well financially?
120
348846
2186
真的有很好的效益嗎?
05:51
The answer that may surprise you is yes.
121
351032
2846
答案可能會令你吃驚 是肯定的
05:53
The data shows that stocks with better ESG performance
122
353878
3165
資料顯示,具有好 ESG 性能的股票
05:57
perform just as well as others.
123
357043
3347
和其他的股票沒有差別
06:00
In blue, we see the MSCI World.
124
360390
2274
藍色線條 我們看到的是 MSCI 的情況
06:02
It's an index of large companies
125
362664
1437
它是大公司
06:04
from developed markets across the world.
126
364101
2789
來自世界各地成熟的 股票市場的一個參數
06:06
And in gold, we see a subset of companies
127
366890
2472
金色線條,我們看到的是
06:09
rated as having the best ESG performance.
128
369362
2783
具有最好 ESG 性能的一個子參數
06:12
Over three plus years, no performance tradeoff.
129
372145
4251
三年多裡,沒有性能上的失衡
06:16
So that's okay, right? We want more. I want more.
130
376396
4411
那已經夠好了,對吧? 我們要的更多,我要的更多
06:20
In some cases, there may be outperformance
131
380807
2563
在某些情況下 ESG 可能有
06:23
from ESG.
132
383370
2583
超常的表現
06:25
In blue, we see the performance
133
385953
2178
藍色線條 我們看到的是
06:28
of the 500 largest global companies,
134
388131
2415
500 個全球最大的公司的性能指標
06:30
and in gold, we see a subset of companies
135
390546
3313
而黃金線條,我們看到公司的
06:33
with best practice in climate change strategy
136
393859
2823
執行氣候變化政策
06:36
and risk management.
137
396682
1433
和風險管理最好的一個子參數
06:38
Now over almost eight years,
138
398115
1430
現在已經八年過去了
06:39
they've outperformed by about two thirds.
139
399545
3010
他們已經優於三分之二左右
06:42
So yes, this is correlation. It's not causation.
140
402555
3894
是的,這是相關性 並不是因果關係
06:46
But it does illustrate that environmental leadership
141
406449
2529
但它確實說明這樣的環境領導力
06:48
is compatible with good returns.
142
408978
3073
有相當好的收益
06:52
So if the returns are the same or better
143
412051
4343
所以如果收益相同或更好
06:56
and the planet benefits, wouldn't this be the norm?
144
416394
3111
而且給地球帶來好處 為甚麼不把這個當成標準呢?
06:59
Are investors, particularly institutional investors,
145
419505
3131
投資者們,尤其是機構投資者
07:02
engaged?
146
422636
1439
參與進來了嗎?
07:04
Well, some are,
147
424075
1877
嗯,有些吧
07:05
and a few are really at the vanguard.
148
425952
3336
有幾個真的是先鋒
07:09
Hesta.
149
429288
1239
比如 Hesta
07:10
Hesta is a retirement fund for health
150
430527
2247
Hesta 是一個
07:12
and community services employees in Australia,
151
432774
2695
澳大利亞的醫療和 社區服務僱員的退休基金
07:15
with assets of 22 billion [dollars].
152
435469
2245
有 220 億 [美元]的資產
07:17
They believe that ESG has the potential
153
437714
1823
他們相信 ESG 所具有的潛力
07:19
to impact risks and returns,
154
439537
2068
去影響風險和收益
07:21
so incorporating it into the investment process
155
441605
3292
所以將其納入投資中
07:24
is core to their duty
156
444897
2216
是他們職責的核心
07:27
to act in the best interest of fund members,
157
447113
2158
基金成員的最佳利益行事
07:29
core to their duty.
158
449271
1686
他們的職責的核心
07:30
You gotta love the Aussies, right?
159
450957
3711
現在你喜歡上 Aussies 了,對吧?
07:34
CalPERS is another example.
160
454668
2508
CalPERS 是另一個例子
07:37
CalPERS is the pension fund
161
457176
2021
CalPERS 是一個
07:39
for public employees in California,
162
459197
2281
加州公務員的養恤基金
07:41
and with assets of 244 billion [dollars],
163
461478
2716
有 2440 億[美元]的資產
07:44
they are the second largest in the U.S.
164
464194
2092
他們的資產在美國第二大
07:46
and the sixth largest in the world.
165
466286
2697
世界第六大
07:48
Now, they're moving toward 100 percent
166
468983
1563
現在他們 100% 地轉向
07:50
sustainable investment
167
470546
1589
永續投資
07:52
by systematically integrated ESG
168
472135
2082
通過系統地把 ESG
07:54
across the entire fund.
169
474217
2749
整合到整個基金
07:56
Why? They believe it's critical
170
476966
3457
為什麼呢?他們相信這是關鍵
08:00
to superior long-term returns, full stop.
171
480423
4531
超級的長期回報,就是這樣
08:04
In their own words, "long-term value creation
172
484954
2592
用他們自己的話來說 “長期價值的創造
08:07
requires the effective management
173
487546
2040
需要有效的管理
08:09
of three forms of capital:
174
489586
2142
三種形式的資本:
08:11
financial, human, and physical.
175
491728
4719
財力、 人力和物力
08:16
This is why we are concerned with ESG."
176
496447
3859
這是我們為什麼關心 ESG”
08:20
Now, I do speak to a lot of investors
177
500306
2408
我和很多投資者交流過
08:22
as part of my job,
178
502714
1727
這成為我工作的一部分
08:24
and not all of them see it this way.
179
504441
2294
但不是所有的人這麼看
08:26
Often I hear, "We are required to maximize returns,
180
506735
3758
經常聽到 “我們都需要最大限度的收益
08:30
so we don't do that here,"
181
510493
1750
所以我們這裡不這麼做”
08:32
or, "We don't want to use the portfolio
182
512243
2347
或者,“我們不想使用這個方法
08:34
to make policy statements."
183
514590
2504
作為我們的營業政策”
08:37
The one that just really gets under my skin is,
184
517094
2866
做讓我反感的一個是
08:39
"If you want to do something about that,
185
519960
2052
“如果你想要做甚麼的話
08:42
just make money, give the profits to charities."
186
522012
3463
就去努力賺錢,然後 把所有收益都捐給慈善機構”
08:45
It's eyes rolling, eyes rolling.
187
525475
3769
我只能翻白眼了
08:49
I mean, let me clarify something right here.
188
529244
4023
我的意思是,讓我澄清一下
08:53
Companies and investors are not
189
533267
2605
公司和投資者都不是
08:55
singularly responsible for the fate of the planet.
190
535872
2759
唯一對地球的命運負責的人
08:58
They don't have indefinite social obligations,
191
538631
2388
他們沒有無限期的社會義務
09:01
and prudent investing and finance theory
192
541019
2773
和審慎的投資和金融理論
09:03
aren't subordinate to sustainability.
193
543792
2099
他們不從屬輿永續
09:05
They're compatible.
194
545891
1656
他們是和永續相容的
09:07
So I'm not talking about tradeoffs here.
195
547547
4465
所以我不是在這裡 談論他們該如何讓步的
09:12
But institutional investors
196
552012
1977
但機構投資者
09:13
are the x-factor in sustainability.
197
553989
3166
是在永續發展中的重要因素
09:17
Why do they hold the key?
198
557155
2063
他們為什麼掌握著這個權利?
09:19
The answer, quite simply, is, they have the money.
199
559218
3715
答案很簡單 是的,他們有很多錢
09:22
(Laughter)
200
562933
2686
(笑聲)
09:25
A lot of it.
201
565619
2396
很多很多錢
09:28
I mean, a really lot of it.
202
568015
1742
真的很多啊
09:29
The global stock market is worth 55 trillion dollars.
203
569757
2843
全球證券市場是價值 55 兆美元
09:32
The global bond market, 78 trillion.
204
572600
3058
全球債券市場價值 78 兆美元
09:35
That's 133 trillion combined.
205
575658
5178
這加起來133 兆美元
09:40
That's eight and a half times the GDP of the U.S.
206
580836
2671
是美國 GDP 的八倍半
09:43
That's the world's largest economy.
207
583507
2219
這是世界最大的經濟體
09:45
That's some serious freaking firepower.
208
585726
3837
這就是一些重火力
09:49
So we can reconsider
209
589563
2049
所以我們需要重新考慮
09:51
some of these pressing challenges,
210
591612
1923
這些緊迫的挑戰
09:53
like fresh water, clean air,
211
593535
2514
像新鮮的水源,清潔的空氣
09:56
feeding 10 billion mouths,
212
596049
2025
供 100 億人享用
09:58
if institutional investors
213
598074
1677
如果機構投資者
09:59
integrated ESG into investment.
214
599751
2412
把 ESG 整合到投資裡面
10:02
What if they used that firepower
215
602163
2151
如果他們用那火力
10:04
to allocate more of their capital
216
604314
2044
去分配更多他們的資本
10:06
to companies working the hardest
217
606358
1413
到刻苦工作
10:07
at solving these challenges
218
607771
2082
去解決這些挑戰的公司
10:09
or at least not exacerbating them?
219
609853
3116
或至少不加重他們的負擔呢?
10:12
What if we work and save and invest,
220
612969
4837
如果我們工作、儲蓄和投資
10:17
only to find that the world we retire into
221
617806
2633
僅僅是為了我們退休的地方
10:20
is more stressed and less secure than it is now?
222
620439
3726
比現在更艱難、更沒安全感?
10:24
What if there isn't enough clean air and fresh water?
223
624165
4872
如果沒有足夠的、清潔的 空氣和新鮮的水怎麼辦?
10:29
Now a fair question might be,
224
629037
2488
現在的一個問題是
10:31
what if all this sustainability risk stuff
225
631525
1896
如果威脅永續發展的這些事情
10:33
is exaggerated, overstated, it's not urgent,
226
633421
4536
是被誇大,強調了,並不是緊急的
10:37
something for virtuous consumers
227
637957
2153
良性消費者那些事
10:40
or lifestyle choice?
228
640110
1956
或是生活方式的選擇呢?
10:42
Well, President John F. Kennedy said something
229
642066
2739
嗯約翰 · 甘迺迪總統說
10:44
about this that is just spot on:
230
644805
3485
下面的話可以用在這裡:
10:48
"There are risks and costs to a program of action,
231
648290
3812
“一些行動是需要風險和代價的
10:52
but they are far less than the long-range risks
232
652102
2649
但是他們不如為了舒適的不作為
10:54
and costs of comfortable inaction."
233
654751
4615
更具有風險和需要代價。”
10:59
I can appreciate that there is estimation risk in this,
234
659366
3618
我可以理解在永續發展中會有一些風險
11:02
but since this is based on widespread scientific consensus,
235
662984
3635
但因為這是基於廣泛的科學共識之上的
11:06
the odds that it's not completely wrong
236
666619
2561
它就不是完全錯誤的
11:09
are better than the odds
237
669180
1616
它出錯的幾率
11:10
that our house will burn down
238
670796
1675
比我們房子被燒幾率小
11:12
or we'll get in a car accident.
239
672471
1935
或者比我們遭遇車禍的幾率小
11:14
Well, maybe not if you live in Boston. (Laughter)
240
674406
3594
如果你不是生活在波士頓的話(笑聲)
11:18
But my point is that we buy insurance
241
678000
3303
我想說的是我們買保險
11:21
to protect ourselves financially
242
681303
1983
來保護我們的財政
11:23
in case those things happen, right?
243
683286
3203
以防那些事情發生,對吧?
11:26
So by investing sustainably
244
686489
1549
通過給永續投資
11:28
we're doing two things.
245
688038
2219
我們在做兩件事
11:30
We're creating insurance,
246
690257
2158
我們要創建保險
11:32
reducing the risk to our planet and to our economy,
247
692415
4246
為我們的星球,我們的經濟降低風險
11:36
and at the same time, in the short term,
248
696661
1989
同時在短期內
11:38
we're not sacrificing performance.
249
698650
2676
我們不至於犧牲它的性能
11:41
[Man in comic: "What if it's a big hoax and we create a better world for nothing?"]
250
701326
4757
[漫畫的人:"如果它是一個大騙局,我們創造了更好的世界卻沒有回報怎麼辦?"]
11:46
Good, you like it. I like it too.
251
706083
2116
好的,你們喜歡它,我也喜歡它
11:48
(Laughter)
252
708199
1577
(笑聲)
11:49
I like it because it pokes fun
253
709776
2073
我喜歡它,因為它諷刺
11:51
at both sides of the climate change issue.
254
711849
2595
在氣候變化問題的雙方
11:54
I bet you can't guess which side I'm on.
255
714444
3344
我打賭你不能猜我在哪一邊
11:57
But what I really like about it
256
717788
1739
但我真的很喜歡它
11:59
is that it reminds me of something Mark Twain said,
257
719527
2929
是它讓我想起馬克 · 吐溫說
12:02
which is, "Plan for the future,
258
722456
2069
就是“要為未來做計劃
12:04
because that's where you're going to spend
259
724525
1570
因為那是你
12:06
the rest of your life."
260
726095
2501
要渡過餘生的地方。”
12:08
Thank you.
261
728596
2359
謝謝
12:10
(Applause)
262
730955
3145
(掌聲)
關於本網站

本網站將向您介紹對學習英語有用的 YouTube 視頻。 您將看到來自世界各地的一流教師教授的英語課程。 雙擊每個視頻頁面上顯示的英文字幕,從那裡播放視頻。 字幕與視頻播放同步滾動。 如果您有任何意見或要求,請使用此聯繫表與我們聯繫。

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7