Chris McKnett: The investment logic for sustainability

156,241 views ・ 2014-02-12

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:12
The world is changing
0
12846
1303
00:14
in some really profound ways,
1
14149
2712
00:16
and I worry that investors
2
16861
1983
00:18
aren't paying enough attention
3
18844
1734
00:20
to some of the biggest drivers of change,
4
20578
1865
00:22
especially when it comes to sustainability.
5
22443
3776
00:26
And by sustainability, I mean the really juicy things,
6
26219
3455
00:29
like environmental and social issues
7
29674
1903
00:31
and corporate governance.
8
31577
2509
00:34
I think it's reckless to ignore these things,
9
34086
2266
00:36
because doing so can jeopardize
10
36352
1646
00:37
future long-term returns.
11
37998
2469
00:40
And here's something that may surprise you:
12
40467
2196
00:42
the balance of power to really influence sustainability
13
42663
4671
00:47
rests with institutional investors,
14
47334
2155
00:49
the large investors like pension funds,
15
49489
3036
00:52
foundations and endowments.
16
52525
2956
00:55
I believe that sustainable investing
17
55481
1594
00:57
is less complicated than you think,
18
57075
2650
00:59
better-performing than you believe,
19
59725
2028
01:01
and more important than we can imagine.
20
61753
2873
01:04
Let me remind you what we already know.
21
64626
3008
01:07
We have a population that's both growing and aging;
22
67634
3546
01:11
we have seven billion souls today
23
71180
1846
01:13
heading to 10 billion
24
73026
1426
01:14
at the end of the century;
25
74452
1901
01:16
we consume natural resources
26
76353
2498
01:18
faster than they can be replenished;
27
78851
2826
01:21
and the emissions that are mainly responsible
28
81677
2437
01:24
for climate change just keep increasing.
29
84114
4829
01:28
Now clearly, these are environmental and social issues,
30
88943
4217
01:33
but that's not all.
31
93160
1932
01:35
They're economic issues,
32
95092
1972
01:37
and that makes them relevant
33
97064
1736
01:38
to risk and return.
34
98800
3277
01:42
And they are really complex
35
102077
2080
01:44
and they can seem really far off,
36
104157
1665
01:45
that the temptation may be to do this:
37
105822
3286
01:49
bury our heads in the sand and not think about it.
38
109108
3366
01:52
Resist this, if you can. Don't do this at home.
39
112474
2650
01:55
(Laughter)
40
115124
1926
01:57
But it makes me wonder
41
117050
1643
01:58
if the investment rules of today
42
118693
2013
02:00
are fit for purpose tomorrow.
43
120706
3245
02:03
We know that investors,
44
123951
1838
02:05
when they look at a company and decide whether to invest,
45
125789
2860
02:08
they look at financial data,
46
128649
1632
02:10
metrics like sales growth, cash flow, market share,
47
130281
4020
02:14
valuation -- you know, the really sexy stuff.
48
134301
5412
02:19
And these things are fundamental, of course,
49
139713
2327
02:22
but they're not enough.
50
142040
1765
02:23
Investors should also look at performance metrics
51
143805
2449
02:26
in what we call ESG:
52
146254
1924
02:28
environment, social and governance.
53
148178
2842
02:31
Environment includes energy consumption,
54
151020
4762
02:35
water availability, waste and pollution,
55
155782
5384
02:41
just making efficient uses of resources.
56
161166
3819
02:44
Social includes human capital,
57
164985
2127
02:47
things like employee engagement
58
167112
1868
02:48
and innovation capacity,
59
168980
2344
02:51
as well as supply chain management
60
171324
3312
02:54
and labor rights and human rights.
61
174636
3570
02:58
And governance relates to the oversight
62
178206
1808
03:00
of companies by their boards and investors.
63
180014
3781
03:03
See, I told you this is the really juicy stuff.
64
183795
3111
03:06
But ESG is the measure of sustainability,
65
186906
4187
03:11
and sustainable investing incorporates ESG factors
66
191093
4141
03:15
with financial factors into the investment process.
67
195234
4117
03:19
It means limiting future risk
68
199351
2128
03:21
by minimizing harm to people and planet,
69
201479
3609
03:25
and it means providing capital to users
70
205088
3615
03:28
who deploy it towards productive
71
208703
2160
03:30
and sustainable outcomes.
72
210863
2724
03:33
So if sustainability matters financially today,
73
213587
3164
03:36
and all signs indicate more tomorrow,
74
216751
2492
03:39
is the private sector paying attention?
75
219243
3498
03:42
Well, the really cool thing is that most CEOs are.
76
222741
5981
03:48
They started to see sustainability
77
228722
1566
03:50
not just as important but crucial to business success.
78
230288
4244
03:54
About 80 percent of global CEOs
79
234532
2414
03:56
see sustainability as the root to growth in innovation
80
236946
4091
04:01
and leading to competitive advantage
81
241037
2393
04:03
in their industries.
82
243430
1724
04:05
But 93 percent see ESG as the future,
83
245154
3173
04:08
or as important to the future of their business.
84
248327
3049
04:11
So the views of CEOs are clear.
85
251376
3217
04:14
There's tremendous opportunity in sustainability.
86
254593
3187
04:17
So how are companies actually leveraging ESG
87
257780
3528
04:21
to drive hard business results?
88
261308
2802
04:24
One example is near and dear to our hearts.
89
264110
2521
04:26
In 2012, State Street migrated 54 applications
90
266631
3434
04:30
to the cloud environment,
91
270065
1646
04:31
and we retired another 85.
92
271711
2429
04:34
We virtualized our operating system environments,
93
274140
2706
04:36
and we completed numerous automation projects.
94
276846
3463
04:40
Now these initiatives create a more mobile workplace,
95
280309
2532
04:42
and they reduce our real estate footprint,
96
282841
2784
04:45
and they yield savings of 23 million dollars
97
285625
2640
04:48
in operating costs annually,
98
288265
3000
04:51
and avoid the emissions
99
291265
1836
04:53
of a 100,000 metric tons of carbon.
100
293101
4450
04:57
That's the equivalent of taking 21,000 cars
101
297551
3033
05:00
off the road.
102
300584
1789
05:02
So awesome, right?
103
302373
2639
05:05
Another example is Pentair.
104
305012
2964
05:07
Pentair is a U.S. industrial conglomerate,
105
307976
2329
05:10
and about a decade ago,
106
310305
1580
05:11
they sold their core power tools business
107
311885
2487
05:14
and reinvested those proceeds in a water business.
108
314372
4258
05:18
That's a really big bet. Why did they do that?
109
318630
3963
05:22
Well, with apologies to the Home Improvement fans,
110
322593
2728
05:25
there's more growth in water than in power tools,
111
325321
2922
05:28
and this company has their sights set
112
328243
1922
05:30
on what they call "the new New World."
113
330165
2367
05:32
That's four billion middle class people
114
332532
2383
05:34
demanding food, energy and water.
115
334915
5154
05:40
Now, you may be asking yourself,
116
340069
3124
05:43
are these just isolated cases?
117
343193
1666
05:44
I mean, come on, really?
118
344859
1978
05:46
Do companies that take sustainability into account
119
346837
2009
05:48
really do well financially?
120
348846
2186
05:51
The answer that may surprise you is yes.
121
351032
2846
05:53
The data shows that stocks with better ESG performance
122
353878
3165
05:57
perform just as well as others.
123
357043
3347
06:00
In blue, we see the MSCI World.
124
360390
2274
06:02
It's an index of large companies
125
362664
1437
06:04
from developed markets across the world.
126
364101
2789
06:06
And in gold, we see a subset of companies
127
366890
2472
06:09
rated as having the best ESG performance.
128
369362
2783
06:12
Over three plus years, no performance tradeoff.
129
372145
4251
06:16
So that's okay, right? We want more. I want more.
130
376396
4411
06:20
In some cases, there may be outperformance
131
380807
2563
06:23
from ESG.
132
383370
2583
06:25
In blue, we see the performance
133
385953
2178
06:28
of the 500 largest global companies,
134
388131
2415
06:30
and in gold, we see a subset of companies
135
390546
3313
06:33
with best practice in climate change strategy
136
393859
2823
06:36
and risk management.
137
396682
1433
06:38
Now over almost eight years,
138
398115
1430
06:39
they've outperformed by about two thirds.
139
399545
3010
06:42
So yes, this is correlation. It's not causation.
140
402555
3894
06:46
But it does illustrate that environmental leadership
141
406449
2529
06:48
is compatible with good returns.
142
408978
3073
06:52
So if the returns are the same or better
143
412051
4343
06:56
and the planet benefits, wouldn't this be the norm?
144
416394
3111
06:59
Are investors, particularly institutional investors,
145
419505
3131
07:02
engaged?
146
422636
1439
07:04
Well, some are,
147
424075
1877
07:05
and a few are really at the vanguard.
148
425952
3336
07:09
Hesta.
149
429288
1239
07:10
Hesta is a retirement fund for health
150
430527
2247
07:12
and community services employees in Australia,
151
432774
2695
07:15
with assets of 22 billion [dollars].
152
435469
2245
07:17
They believe that ESG has the potential
153
437714
1823
07:19
to impact risks and returns,
154
439537
2068
07:21
so incorporating it into the investment process
155
441605
3292
07:24
is core to their duty
156
444897
2216
07:27
to act in the best interest of fund members,
157
447113
2158
07:29
core to their duty.
158
449271
1686
07:30
You gotta love the Aussies, right?
159
450957
3711
07:34
CalPERS is another example.
160
454668
2508
07:37
CalPERS is the pension fund
161
457176
2021
07:39
for public employees in California,
162
459197
2281
07:41
and with assets of 244 billion [dollars],
163
461478
2716
07:44
they are the second largest in the U.S.
164
464194
2092
07:46
and the sixth largest in the world.
165
466286
2697
07:48
Now, they're moving toward 100 percent
166
468983
1563
07:50
sustainable investment
167
470546
1589
07:52
by systematically integrated ESG
168
472135
2082
07:54
across the entire fund.
169
474217
2749
07:56
Why? They believe it's critical
170
476966
3457
08:00
to superior long-term returns, full stop.
171
480423
4531
08:04
In their own words, "long-term value creation
172
484954
2592
08:07
requires the effective management
173
487546
2040
08:09
of three forms of capital:
174
489586
2142
08:11
financial, human, and physical.
175
491728
4719
08:16
This is why we are concerned with ESG."
176
496447
3859
08:20
Now, I do speak to a lot of investors
177
500306
2408
08:22
as part of my job,
178
502714
1727
08:24
and not all of them see it this way.
179
504441
2294
08:26
Often I hear, "We are required to maximize returns,
180
506735
3758
08:30
so we don't do that here,"
181
510493
1750
08:32
or, "We don't want to use the portfolio
182
512243
2347
08:34
to make policy statements."
183
514590
2504
08:37
The one that just really gets under my skin is,
184
517094
2866
08:39
"If you want to do something about that,
185
519960
2052
08:42
just make money, give the profits to charities."
186
522012
3463
08:45
It's eyes rolling, eyes rolling.
187
525475
3769
08:49
I mean, let me clarify something right here.
188
529244
4023
08:53
Companies and investors are not
189
533267
2605
08:55
singularly responsible for the fate of the planet.
190
535872
2759
08:58
They don't have indefinite social obligations,
191
538631
2388
09:01
and prudent investing and finance theory
192
541019
2773
09:03
aren't subordinate to sustainability.
193
543792
2099
09:05
They're compatible.
194
545891
1656
09:07
So I'm not talking about tradeoffs here.
195
547547
4465
09:12
But institutional investors
196
552012
1977
09:13
are the x-factor in sustainability.
197
553989
3166
09:17
Why do they hold the key?
198
557155
2063
09:19
The answer, quite simply, is, they have the money.
199
559218
3715
09:22
(Laughter)
200
562933
2686
09:25
A lot of it.
201
565619
2396
09:28
I mean, a really lot of it.
202
568015
1742
09:29
The global stock market is worth 55 trillion dollars.
203
569757
2843
09:32
The global bond market, 78 trillion.
204
572600
3058
09:35
That's 133 trillion combined.
205
575658
5178
09:40
That's eight and a half times the GDP of the U.S.
206
580836
2671
09:43
That's the world's largest economy.
207
583507
2219
09:45
That's some serious freaking firepower.
208
585726
3837
09:49
So we can reconsider
209
589563
2049
09:51
some of these pressing challenges,
210
591612
1923
09:53
like fresh water, clean air,
211
593535
2514
09:56
feeding 10 billion mouths,
212
596049
2025
09:58
if institutional investors
213
598074
1677
09:59
integrated ESG into investment.
214
599751
2412
10:02
What if they used that firepower
215
602163
2151
10:04
to allocate more of their capital
216
604314
2044
10:06
to companies working the hardest
217
606358
1413
10:07
at solving these challenges
218
607771
2082
10:09
or at least not exacerbating them?
219
609853
3116
10:12
What if we work and save and invest,
220
612969
4837
10:17
only to find that the world we retire into
221
617806
2633
10:20
is more stressed and less secure than it is now?
222
620439
3726
10:24
What if there isn't enough clean air and fresh water?
223
624165
4872
10:29
Now a fair question might be,
224
629037
2488
10:31
what if all this sustainability risk stuff
225
631525
1896
10:33
is exaggerated, overstated, it's not urgent,
226
633421
4536
10:37
something for virtuous consumers
227
637957
2153
10:40
or lifestyle choice?
228
640110
1956
10:42
Well, President John F. Kennedy said something
229
642066
2739
10:44
about this that is just spot on:
230
644805
3485
10:48
"There are risks and costs to a program of action,
231
648290
3812
10:52
but they are far less than the long-range risks
232
652102
2649
10:54
and costs of comfortable inaction."
233
654751
4615
10:59
I can appreciate that there is estimation risk in this,
234
659366
3618
11:02
but since this is based on widespread scientific consensus,
235
662984
3635
11:06
the odds that it's not completely wrong
236
666619
2561
11:09
are better than the odds
237
669180
1616
11:10
that our house will burn down
238
670796
1675
11:12
or we'll get in a car accident.
239
672471
1935
11:14
Well, maybe not if you live in Boston. (Laughter)
240
674406
3594
11:18
But my point is that we buy insurance
241
678000
3303
11:21
to protect ourselves financially
242
681303
1983
11:23
in case those things happen, right?
243
683286
3203
11:26
So by investing sustainably
244
686489
1549
11:28
we're doing two things.
245
688038
2219
11:30
We're creating insurance,
246
690257
2158
11:32
reducing the risk to our planet and to our economy,
247
692415
4246
11:36
and at the same time, in the short term,
248
696661
1989
11:38
we're not sacrificing performance.
249
698650
2676
11:41
[Man in comic: "What if it's a big hoax and we create a better world for nothing?"]
250
701326
4757
11:46
Good, you like it. I like it too.
251
706083
2116
11:48
(Laughter)
252
708199
1577
11:49
I like it because it pokes fun
253
709776
2073
11:51
at both sides of the climate change issue.
254
711849
2595
11:54
I bet you can't guess which side I'm on.
255
714444
3344
11:57
But what I really like about it
256
717788
1739
11:59
is that it reminds me of something Mark Twain said,
257
719527
2929
12:02
which is, "Plan for the future,
258
722456
2069
12:04
because that's where you're going to spend
259
724525
1570
12:06
the rest of your life."
260
726095
2501
12:08
Thank you.
261
728596
2359
12:10
(Applause)
262
730955
3145
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7