How an obese town lost a million pounds | Mick Cornett

譯者: Jen-Huei Wu 審譯者: Yuexin Gao

How many of you have been to Oklahoma City?

你們當中有幾位到過俄克拉荷馬市?

Raise your hand. Yeah?

請舉一下手

How many of you have not been to Oklahoma City

有幾位沒到過俄克拉荷馬市

and have no idea who I am? (Laughter)

而且完全不清楚我是誰? (笑聲)

Most of you. Let me give you a little bit of background.

大部分的人啊 那給個背景資料好了

Oklahoma City started in the most

俄克拉荷馬市以十分特別

unique way imaginable.

想都想不到的方式崛起

Back on a spring day in 1889,

在1889年的春天

the federal government held what they called

聯邦政府用他們稱為

a land run.

「土地開跑」的方式開放土地

They literally lined up the settlers

他們直接請移民者排好隊

along an imaginary line,

在假想線上

and they fired off a gun,

然後下令放一槍

and the settlers roared across the countryside

移居人就開始咆哮奔馳過郊外

and put down a stake,

然後叉下一根棒子

and wherever they put down that stake,

所到之處叉下的那根棒子

that was their new home.

就成了他們的新家

And at the end of the very first day,

就在那天結束前

the population of Oklahoma City

俄克拉荷馬市的人口

had gone from zero to 10,000,

從零迅速增到一萬多人

and our planning department

而我們的企劃部

is still paying for that.

至今仍在為此買單

The citizens got together on that first day

當天人民也聚在一起

and elected a mayor.

推選了一位做市長

And then they shot him.

然後把他給槍殺了

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

That's not really all that funny

這可不好笑

-- (Laughter) --

--(笑聲)--

but it allows me to see what type of audience

但讓我更清楚我的觀眾屬哪類

I'm dealing with, so I appreciate the feedback.

所以很感謝您的反饋

The 20th century was fairly kind to Oklahoma City.

20世紀待俄克拉荷馬市不薄

Our economy was based on commodities,

我們的經濟建立在商品上

so the price of cotton or the price of wheat,

包括棉花的價格，小麥的價格

and ultimately the price of oil and natural gas.

最後到油價和天然氣的價格

And along the way, we became a city

這一路上，我們變成一座

of innovation.

充滿創新的城市

The shopping cart was invented in Oklahoma City.

購物手推車是由俄克拉荷馬市的

(Applause)

(鼓掌)

The parking meter, invented in Oklahoma City.

停車收費器也是俄克拉荷馬市發明的

You're welcome.

別客氣

Having an economy, though,

建立在日用品上的經濟

that relates to commodities can give you some ups and some downs,

會一直給你跌跌幅幅

and that was certainly the case in Oklahoma City's history.

確實也在俄克拉荷馬市的歷史上發生過

In the 1970s, when it appeared

1970年

that the price of energy would never retreat,

能源的價格不斷衝高

our economy was soaring,

我們的經濟也因此受惠

and then in the early 1980s, it cratered quickly.

到了80年初，經濟迅速降溫

The price of energy dropped.

能源價下滑

Our banks began to fail.

我們的銀行開始關門大吉

Before the end of the decade,

要到80年末時

100 banks had failed in the state of Oklahoma.

俄克拉荷馬市已有一百家銀行倒閉

There was no bailout on the horizon.

盼望不到任何緊急援助

Our banking industry, our oil and gas industry,

我們的銀行業，石油和氣油產業，

our commercial real estate industry,

商業房產產業

were all at the bottom of the economic scale.

全都陷入經濟的谷底

Young people were leaving Oklahoma City in droves

年輕人成群結隊地離開俄克拉荷馬市

for Washington and Dallas and Houston and New York and Tokyo,

到華盛頓、達拉斯、休斯頓、紐約、東京等城市

anywhere where they could find a job that measured up

任何能讓他們找到工作的地方

to their educational attainment,

讓自己的學識派上用場的地方

because in Oklahoma City, the good jobs just weren't there.

因為在俄克拉荷馬市，好工作已不復存在了

But along at the end of the '80s

但到了80年代後期

came an enterprising businessman

來了一位富有膽識的企業家

who became mayor named Ron Norick.

事後成了市長 他叫羅納德•諾裡克

Ron Norick eventually figured out

羅納德•諾裡克最後發現

that the secret to economic development

經濟發展的秘密

wasn't incentivizing companies up front,

首要做的並不是先給予公司獎勵

it was about creating a place where businesses wanted to locate,

而是創造一個企業會想來長駐的地方

and so he pushed an initiative called MAPS

所以他推動了「都會區域計畫」(MAPS)

that basically was a penny-on-the-dollar sales tax

基本上就是每一美元就收走一分錢的銷售稅

to build a bunch of stuff.

作為建造的用途

It built a new sports arena,

建造了新的運動場

a new canal downtown,

建造了位於城市商業區的新運河

it fixed up our performing arts center,

修繕了我們的表演藝術中心

a new baseball stadium downtown,

位於城市商業區新的棒球場

a lot of things to improve the quality of life.

許多作為以改善生活品質

And the economy indeed seemed to start

然後經濟好像也確實開始

showing some signs of life.

顯現一些生命力

The next mayor came along.

接著下一任的市長上任了

He started MAPS for Kids,

他開始為孩子推出「都會區域計畫」

rebuilt the entire inner city school system,

重建整座內都市的學制

all 75 buildings either built anew or refurbished.

全部75棟建築物不是新建就是翻修

And then, in 2004,

接下來，到了2004年

in this rare collective lack of judgment

在看法上極少有交集的居民

bordering on civil disobedience,

對政府大都採取不合作的態度

the citizens elected me mayor.

他們推選我作市長

Now the city I inherited

現在我繼承的這座城市

was just on the verge

才剛要從

of coming out of its slumbering economy,

經濟不振的邊緣站出來

and for the very first time,

我們頭一次

we started showing up on the lists.

出現在排名的列表上

Now you know the lists I'm talking about.

現在你就懂我說的是什麼列表了

The media and the Internet

就是媒體和網路

love to rank cities.

喜好為城市排名

And in Oklahoma City,

而俄克拉荷馬市

we'd never really been on lists before.

之前從未真的列入任何排名

So I thought it was kind of cool

我直覺這還挺酷的

when they came out with these positive lists and we were on there.

我們的名字出現在這些正面的排名上

We weren't anywhere close to the top,

雖然與第一名相差甚遠

but we were on the list, we were somebody.

但卻出現在排名上，我們是大人物了

Best city to get a job,

我們成了就業的最佳城市

best city to start a business,

創業的最佳城市

best downtown --

最棒的城市商業區

Oklahoma City.

就在俄克拉荷馬市

And then came the list

緊接著出現這樣的排名

of the most obese cities in the country.

美國過胖人口最多的城市

And there we were.

赫然地發現我們的名字

Now I like to point out that we were on that list

我想跟你們說眀那排名表上

with a lot of really cool places.

我們還跟許多很酷的城市排名在一起

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

Dallas and Houston and New Orleans

達拉斯、休斯頓、紐奧良

and Atlanta and Miami.

亞特蘭大和邁阿密

You know, these are cities that, typically,

你也知道，跟這些城市排名在一起

you're not embarrassed to be associated with.

普通並不會感到尷尬的

But nonetheless, I didn't like being on the list.

但我仍舊不喜歡出現在那份排名表上

And about that time, I got on the scales.

就在那個時候，我踏上體重機

And I weighed 220 pounds.

我的體重達220磅

And then I went to this website

然後我就去到一個網站

sponsored by the federal government,

由聯邦政府贊助的

and I typed in my height, I typed in my weight,

鍵入我的身高，體重

and I pushed Enter,

然後按鍵盤上的「輸入」按鍵

and it came back and said "obese."

緊接著出現回覆:「過胖」

I thought, "What a stupid website."

我心想:「這網站可蠢爆了。」

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

"I'm not obese. I would know if I was obese."

心想:「我哪裡胖過頭了，若我有又怎可能不自知呢!」

And then I started getting honest with myself

然後我開始誠誠實實的面對自己

about what had become my lifelong struggle with obesity,

這也造就了我與肥胖的終生對抗

and I noticed this pattern,

然後我注意到此模式

that I was gaining about two or three pounds a year,

那就是我每年體重就會增加2到3磅

and then about every 10 years, I'd drop 20 or 30 pounds.

然後每10年，我就會甩掉20到30磅

And then I'd do it again.

然後整個循環再度開始

And I had this huge closet full of clothes,

我有超大的衣櫃，裝滿了衣服

and I could only wear a third of it at any one time,

每次都只穿的下衣櫃裡3分之1的衣裳

and only I knew which part of the closet I could wear.

而且也只有我心知肚明 衣櫃裡哪部分是我穿得下的

But it all seemed fairly normal, going through it.

但當年也沒覺得哪不對勁，感覺挺正常的

Well, I finally decided I needed to lose weight,

總之，我終於下定決心我需要減重

and I knew I could because I'd done it so many times before,

過去無數減重的經驗告訴我做得到

so I simply stopped eating as much.

我很單純的減少飲食的量

I had always exercised.

我一直都有做運動

That really wasn't the part of the equation

所以運動並不是

that I needed to work on.

我最需要努力的地方

But I had been eating 3,000 calories a day,

但我一天吃進3,000多的卡路里

and I cut it to 2,000 calories a day,

我把它降到一天2,000多的卡路里

and the weight came off. I lost about a pound a week

體重開始下降兒－每週減一磅

for about 40 weeks.

就這樣持續了40週

Along the way, though,

就在這期間

I started examining my city,

我開始仔細勘察我的城市

its culture, its infrastructure,

它的文化，它的基礎建設

trying to figure out why our specific city

絞盡腦筋想要了解

seemed to have a problem with obesity.

怎麼我們的城市會有過胖的問題

And I came to the conclusion

然後我下了結論

that we had built an incredible quality of life

那就是我們建造了最佳的生活品質

if you happen to be a car.

如果你恰好是一輛車的話

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

But if you happen to be a person,

但若你是人的話

you are combatting the car seemingly at every turn.

似乎每轉個彎都能碰到車

Our city is very spread out.

我們的城市遼闊無際

We have a great intersection of highways,

我們的公路擁有很棒的十字路口

I mean, literally no traffic congestion in Oklahoma City to speak of.

俄克拉荷馬市根本就沒有 「交通堵塞」這四個字眼

And so people live far, far away.

所以人們都住得很遠

Our city limits are enormous, 620 square miles,

我們城市的車速路程很長－ 620平方英里

but 15 miles is less than 15 minutes.

也就是說行駛15英里的路花不到15分鐘

You literally can get a speeding ticket

若這情況發生在俄克拉荷馬市的塞車尖峰時段

during rush hour in Oklahoma City.

是會被開超速的罰單

And as a result, people tend to spread out.

結果人們都傾向於住得很遠

Land's cheap.

土地便宜嘛

We had also not required developers

我們也很久沒要求開發商

to build sidewalks on new developments for a long, long time.

在新的建設上設人行道

We had fixed that, but it had been relatively recently,

我們也在近期解決了此問題

and there were literally 100,000

有10萬或更多的房子

or more homes into our inventory

在我們的編制中

in neighborhoods that had virtually no level of walkability.

包括根本沒有可步行性的社區

And as I tried to examine

在我試著審視

how we might deal with obesity,

如何解決過胖的問題

and was taking all of these elements into my mind,

納入各種考量因素後

I decided that the first thing we need to do

我決定該優先處理的

was have a conversation.

就是我們需要好好的談一談

You see, in Oklahoma City,

因為在俄克拉荷馬市

we weren't talking about obesity.

我們都不談論過胖的問題

And so, on New Year's Eve of 2007,

所以在2007年的除夕

I went to the zoo,

我去到動物園

and I stood in front of the elephants,

站在大象的前面

and I said, "This city is going on a diet,

然後說: 「這個城市要開始減重了，

and we're going to lose a million pounds."

我們要甩掉100萬磅。」

Well, that's when all hell broke loose.

這是驚天動地的大事啊

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

The national media

全國媒體的注意力

gravitated toward this story immediately,

瞬間聚焦在這事上

and they really could have gone with it one of two ways.

處理這樣的報導有兩種方向

They could have said,

他們大可說:

"This city is so fat

「這座城市真是胖到

that the mayor had to put them on a diet."

連市長都得強迫他們減肥了。」

But fortunately, the consensus was,

好在媒體都一致報導:

"Look, this is a problem in a lot of places.

「嘿，很多地方也面臨肥胖的問題，

This is a city that's wanting to do something about it."

但這座城市願意面對、著手處理這個問題」

And so they started helping us

然後他們開始給予我們協助

drive traffic to the website.

造成網路擁塞

Now, the web address was

網址為:

thiscityisgoingonadiet.com.

thiscityisgoingonadiet.com. (譯:這座城市要減重了)

And I appeared on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show"

後來我出現在「 艾倫•狄珍妮秀 」的脫口秀

one weekday morning to talk about the initiative,

某工作日的早晨要談「都會區域計畫」

and on that day, 150,000 visits

就在那天，創下了15萬訪客

were placed to our website.

登錄這個網站

People were signing up,

人們開始註冊

and so the pounds started to add up,

體重也開始一磅一磅的增添上來

and the conversation that I thought

我認為談肥胖症的重要性

was so important to have was starting to take place.

也開始陸續發生在多種場所

It was taking place inside the homes,

像是在家裡面

mothers and fathers talking about it with their kids.

爸媽會跟孩子談過胖的事

It was taking place in churches.

也開始出現在教會裡

Churches were starting their own running groups

教堂開始組自己的跑步團隊

and their own support groups

和支持團體

for people who were dealing with obesity.

為對抗過胖的人盡一份心力

Suddenly, it was a topic worth discussing at schools

一夕間，過胖成了校園和工作場所

and in the workplace.

值得談論的話題

And the large companies, they typically have

大公司普遍都有提供

wonderful wellness programs,

很棒的員工保健計畫

but the medium-sized companies

但對於中小公司而言

that typically fall between the cracks on issues like this,

在這議題上卻力不從心

they started to get engaged and used our program

他們也開始採納我們的健康計畫

as a model for their own employees

給他們的員工做參考

to try and have contests to see

然後藉由試辦比賽

who might be able to deal with their obesity situation

找出誰的方法不僅能夠利已

in a way that could be proactively beneficial to others.

還能在解決過胖的問題中對他人有利

And then came the next stage of the equation.

這就到了計畫裡的下一個階段

It was time to push what I called MAPS 3.

該是推動我稱做「都會區域計畫3」 的時候了

Now MAPS 3, like the other two programs,

就像前兩項計畫一樣

had had an economic development motive behind it,

背後都支撐著經濟發展的動力

but along with the traditional economic development tasks

但隨著傳統經濟發展的項目

like building a new convention center,

像建造新的會議中心

we added some health-related infrastructure

我們就在建造的過程中

to the process.

加入一些有益健康的基礎建設

We added a new central park, 70 acres in size,

我們也增添了一座70英畝大的中央公園

to be right downtown in Oklahoma City.

就在俄克拉荷馬市城市商業區

We're building a downtown streetcar

我們也在城市商業區建造有軌電車

to try and help the walkability formula

試著幫助選擇住在內都市的人

for people who choose to live in the inner city

提供更多可行走的方式

and help us create the density there.

進而幫助我們製造人口密集度

We're building senior health and wellness centers

我們正在建造老人健康和保健中心

throughout the community.

遍及整個社區

We put some investments on the river

我們也在河流方面做了投資

that had originally been invested upon

這項投資原本

in the original MAPS,

就列在「都會區域計畫」裡

and now we are currently in the final stages

目前也到了最後一個階段

of developing the finest venue in the world

開發全世界最棒的地點

for the sports of canoe, kayak and rowing.

做為划獨木舟、小皮艇、划船等運動的地方

We hosted the Olympic trials last spring.

去年春天我們為奧林匹克舉辦選拔賽

We have Olympic-caliber events coming to Oklahoma City,

也有水準高達奧林匹克的比賽項目來到本市舉辦

and athletes from all over the world moving in,

世界各地的運動員也到這進駐

along with inner city programs

內都市的計畫還包括吸引孩子

to get kids more engaged in these types of recreational activities

更加積極參與這類型的娛樂活動

that are a little bit nontraditional.

這些與傳統基礎建設顯得較為不同

We also, with another initiative that was passed,

我們還通過了另一項計劃

are building hundreds of miles of new sidewalks

建造數百英里長的人行道

throughout the metro area.

遍及大都市地區

We're even going back into some

我們甚至回到一些

inner city situations

過去所建造的內都市

where we had built neighborhoods

那時我們建造了社區

and we had built schools

建造了學校

but we had not connected the two.

卻沒為它們之間做聯結

We had built libraries and we had built neighborhoods,

我們也建造了圖書館和社區

but we had never really connected the two

卻也沒幫它們之間做任何

with any sort of walkability.

可步行的連接

Through yet another funding source,

但藉由另一項基金來源

we're redesigning all of our inner city streets

我們正在重新規劃內都市所有的街道

to be more pedestrian-friendly.

讓街道更加便於行人步走

Our streets were really wide,

我們的街道十分的寬廣

and you'd push the button to allow you to walk across,

你只要按下按鈕就可過馬路

and you had to run in order to get there in time.

但都得在綠燈內衝忙跑到另一邊

But now we've narrowed the streets,

但我們現在把道路變窄了

highly landscaped them, making them more pedestrian-friendly,

不僅景觀美化，還變得更適合行人步行

really a redesign, rethinking the way

真的是做到重新設計，重新思考

we build our infrastructure,

我們建造基礎建設的方式

designing a city around people and not cars.

設計城市的出發點不再以車，而是以人

We're completing our bicycle trail master plan.

我們快完成建造自行車道的大計畫了

We'll have over 100 miles

到時後，我們就會有超過100英里的

when we're through building it out.

自行車道了

And so you see this culture starting to shift

所以你正在見證俄克拉荷馬市

in Oklahoma City.

的文化改變

And lo and behold, the demographic changes

人口結構也隨之產生了變化

that are coming with it are very inspiring.

這是件很激勵人心的事

Highly educated twentysomethings

20幾歲受高教育的

are moving to Oklahoma City from all over the region

都在從各地搬到俄克拉荷馬市

and, indeed, even from further away, in California.

有的甚至搬自像加州更遠的地方

When we reached a million pounds,

我們在2012年的1月

in January of 2012,

破一百萬磅大關時

I flew to New York with some our participants

我與成功減重的參賽者飛到紐約

who had lost over 100 pounds,

他們減掉超過100磅

whose lives had been changed,

生命還因此獲得改善

and we appeared on the Rachael Ray show,

在瑞秋雷秀裡出場

and then that afternoon, I did a round of media in New York

當天下午我在紐約到處跑媒體

pushing the same messages

不間斷的傳遞同樣的訊息

that you're accustomed to hearing about obesity and the dangers of it.

都是你早聽慣有關肥胖症 和其伴隨而來的危險

And I went into the lobby of Men's Fitness magazine,

然後去了男士健身雜誌的接待大廳

the same magazine that had put us on that list

就是這本雜誌在五年前把我們

five years before.

列入擁有過胖人口城市的排名

And as I'm sitting in the lobby waiting to talk to the reporter,

就當我坐在大廳裡等著記者採訪時

I notice there's a magazine copy

我注意到有本當期雜誌

of the current issue right there on the table,

放置在桌上

and I pick it up, and I look at the headline

所以我就拿起那本

across the top, and it says,

往標題看，上面寫著:

"America's Fattest Cities: Do You Live in One?"

「美國最多過胖的城市:你住在其中嗎?」

Well, I knew I did,

嗯，我知道我有

so I picked up the magazine

所以我就翻開來

and I began to look,

開始看雜誌

and we weren't on it.

我們沒有出現在排名上

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Then I looked on the list of fittest cities,

然後又看看最健康的城市排名

and we were on that list.

我們就在那排名上

We were on the list as the 22nd fittest city in the United States.

我們是美國第22名最健康的城市

Our state health statistics are doing better.

我們的州在健康統計上變得更好

Granted, we have a long way to go.

沒錯，我們仍有一大段路要走

Health is still not something

健康方面確實還不是

that we should be proud of in Oklahoma City,

我們該感到驕傲的事

but we seem to have turned the cultural shift

但我們似乎做到了文化轉變

of making health a greater priority.

讓健康成了優先處理的要事

And we love the idea of the demographics

也為受高教育20幾歲的人口

of highly educated twentysomethings,

帶來的人口結構變化感到欣慰

people with choices, choosing Oklahoma City

大多數有選擇能力的人

in large numbers.

都選擇俄克拉荷馬市

We have the lowest unemployment in the United States,

我們有全美最低的失業率

probably the strongest economy in the United States.

大概擁有全美最強的經濟

And if you're like me, at some point

若您跟我一樣

in your educational career,

在教育生涯裡

you were asked to read a book called

曾被要求讀那本書

"The Grapes of Wrath."

《憤怒的葡萄》

Oklahomans leaving for California

講的是當年俄克拉荷馬市的人成群結伴

in large numbers for a better future.

為了尋找更好的未來遠去加州

When we look at the demographic shifts

當我們看到從西部移居過來

of people coming from the west,

所造成的人口結構變化

it appears that what we're seeing now

就好像看到

is the wrath of grapes.

「葡萄的憤怒」

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

(Applause)

(掌聲)

The grandchildren are coming home.

我們的孫子也踏上回鄉之旅了

You've been a great audience and very attentive.

你們是很棒的觀眾

Thank you very much for having me here.

十分感謝你們的傾聽

(Applause)

(掌聲)