How an obese town lost a million pounds | Mick Cornett

Prevoditelj: Anja Kolobarić Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

How many of you have been to Oklahoma City?

Koliko vas je bilo u Oklahoma Cityu?

Raise your hand. Yeah?

Podignite ruke. Da?

How many of you have not been to Oklahoma City

Koliko vas nikad nije bilo u Oklahoma Cityu

and have no idea who I am? (Laughter)

i nema pojma tko sam ja? (Smijeh)

Most of you. Let me give you a little bit of background.

Većina. Malo ću vam opisati o čemu se radi.

Oklahoma City started in the most

Oklahoma City osnovan je na

unique way imaginable.

najedinstveniji način zamisliv.

Back on a spring day in 1889,

Jednog proljetnog dana 1889,

the federal government held what they called

federalna vlada održala je ono što su nazvali

a land run.

zemljišna utrka.

They literally lined up the settlers

Doslovno su poredali naseljenike

along an imaginary line,

na zamišljenu liniju,

and they fired off a gun,

opalili iz pištolja,

and the settlers roared across the countryside

i naseljenici su zatutnjali selom,

and put down a stake,

zaboli kolac,

and wherever they put down that stake,

i gdje god da su ga zaboli,

that was their new home.

tu je bio njihov novi dom.

And at the end of the very first day,

Na kraju prvog dana,

the population of Oklahoma City

populacija Oklahoma Citya

had gone from zero to 10,000,

povećala se s nula na 10 000

and our planning department

i naš odjel za planiranje

is still paying for that.

još uvijek plaća za to.

The citizens got together on that first day

Građani su se okupili na taj dan

and elected a mayor.

i izabrali gradonačelnika.

And then they shot him.

Zatim su ga ustrijelili.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

That's not really all that funny

To zapravo i nije toliko smiješno

-- (Laughter) --

-- (Smijeh) --

but it allows me to see what type of audience

ali pokazuje mi s kakvom publikom

I'm dealing with, so I appreciate the feedback.

imam posla, pa hvala na povratnoj informaciji.

The 20th century was fairly kind to Oklahoma City.

Dvadeseto stoljeće bilo je blago prema Oklahoma Cityu.

Our economy was based on commodities,

Ekonomija nam se temeljila na robi,

so the price of cotton or the price of wheat,

odnosno na cijeni pamuka ili pšenice,

and ultimately the price of oil and natural gas.

a na kraju i na cijenama nafte i zemnih plinova.

And along the way, we became a city

Usput smo postali grad

of innovation.

inovacija.

The shopping cart was invented in Oklahoma City.

Kolica za kupovinu izumljena su ovdje.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

The parking meter, invented in Oklahoma City.

Baš kao i parkirni sat.

You're welcome.

Nema na čemu.

Having an economy, though,

Ekonomija utemeljena na

that relates to commodities can give you some ups and some downs,

robi može imati svoje uspone i padove,

and that was certainly the case in Oklahoma City's history.

a upravo se to dogodilo u povijesti Oklahoma Cityu.

In the 1970s, when it appeared

Kada se 1970-ih činilo

that the price of energy would never retreat,

kao da cijena energetskih resursa nikad neće opasti,

our economy was soaring,

naša ekonomija bila je na vrhuncu,

and then in the early 1980s, it cratered quickly.

a onda je ranih 80-ih doživjela brz kolaps.

The price of energy dropped.

Cijene energije su pale.

Our banks began to fail.

Banke su nam počele propadati.

Before the end of the decade,

Do kraja desetljeća

100 banks had failed in the state of Oklahoma.

propalo je 100 banaka na području Oklahome.

There was no bailout on the horizon.

Spas nije bio na vidiku.

Our banking industry, our oil and gas industry,

Bankarstvo, industrija nafte i plina,

our commercial real estate industry,

i sektor nekretnina

were all at the bottom of the economic scale.

bili su na dnu ekonomske ljestvice.

Young people were leaving Oklahoma City in droves

Mladi su u ruljama napuštali Oklahoma City

for Washington and Dallas and Houston and New York and Tokyo,

i odlazili u Washington, Dallas, Houston, New York i Tokio,

anywhere where they could find a job that measured up

bilo gdje gdje su mogli naći posao koji je odgovarao

to their educational attainment,

razini njihovog stečenog obrazovanja,

because in Oklahoma City, the good jobs just weren't there.

jer u Oklahoma Cityu nije bilo dobrih poslova.

But along at the end of the '80s

Krajem 80-ih došao je

came an enterprising businessman

poduzetnik Ron Norick

who became mayor named Ron Norick.

koji je postao i gradonačelnik.

Ron Norick eventually figured out

Rod Norick na kraju je shvatio

that the secret to economic development

da tajna ekonomskog razvitka

wasn't incentivizing companies up front,

ne leži u izravnom poticanju poduzeća,

it was about creating a place where businesses wanted to locate,

već u stvaranju mjesta na kojem će se poduzeća željeti smjestiti.

and so he pushed an initiative called MAPS

Stoga je progurao inicijativu "MAPS"

that basically was a penny-on-the-dollar sales tax

koji je bio peni-po-dolaru porez na prodaju

to build a bunch of stuff.

kako bi štošta izgradio.

It built a new sports arena,

Tim se novcem izgradila nova sportska arena,

a new canal downtown,

novi kanal u središtu grada,

it fixed up our performing arts center,

popravio centar za umjetnost,

a new baseball stadium downtown,

izgradio novi stadion za bejzbol u centru grada

a lot of things to improve the quality of life.

i još puno toga što je unaprijedilo kvalitetu života.

And the economy indeed seemed to start

Ekonomija je uistinu počela

showing some signs of life.

pokazivati znakove života.

The next mayor came along.

Onda je došao drugi gradonačelnik

He started MAPS for Kids,

koji je pokrenuo "MAPS" za djecu,

rebuilt the entire inner city school system,

obnovio kompletan gradski sustav školstva,

all 75 buildings either built anew or refurbished.

svih 75 zgrada je nanovo izgrađeno ili obnovljeno.

And then, in 2004,

I onda 2004.,

in this rare collective lack of judgment

u ovom rijetkom kolektivnom nedostatku dobrog prosuđivanja

bordering on civil disobedience,

koje graniči s građanskim neposluhom,

the citizens elected me mayor.

građani su mene izabrali za gradonačelnika.

Now the city I inherited

Grad koji sam naslijedio

was just on the verge

bio je na rubu izlaska

of coming out of its slumbering economy,

iz uspavane ekonomije

and for the very first time,

i po prvi smo se puta

we started showing up on the lists.

počeli pojavljivati na listama.

Now you know the lists I'm talking about.

Znate o kojim listama govorim.

The media and the Internet

Mediji i Internet obožavaju

love to rank cities.

rangirati gradove.

And in Oklahoma City,

A Oklahoma City nikad prije

we'd never really been on lists before.

nije bio ni na kakvim listama.

So I thought it was kind of cool

Mislio sam da je fora kad su se

when they came out with these positive lists and we were on there.

pojavile pozitivne liste na kojima smo se i mi pojavili.

We weren't anywhere close to the top,

Nismo bili ni blizu vrhu,

but we were on the list, we were somebody.

ali bili smo na listi, bili smo netko.

Best city to get a job,

Najbolji grad za zaposlenje,

best city to start a business,

najbolji grad za pokretanje posla,

best downtown --

najbolji centar grada --

Oklahoma City.

Oklahoma City.

And then came the list

I onda su se pojavile liste

of the most obese cities in the country.

najdebljih gradova u zemlji.

And there we were.

I tu smo se isto pojavili.

Now I like to point out that we were on that list

Htio bih istaknuti da smo se na toj listi

with a lot of really cool places.

našli s puno super gradova.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Dallas and Houston and New Orleans

Dallas, Houston, New Orleans,

and Atlanta and Miami.

Atlanta i Miami.

You know, these are cities that, typically,

Znate, nisu to gradovi s kojima

you're not embarrassed to be associated with.

vam je inače neugodno biti povezivan.

But nonetheless, I didn't like being on the list.

Kako bilo, ne volim biti na toj listi.

And about that time, I got on the scales.

Nekako sam u to vrijeme stao na vagu.

And I weighed 220 pounds.

Težio sam 220 funti (100 kg).

And then I went to this website

Otišao sam na stranicu

sponsored by the federal government,

sponzoriranu od strane federalne vlade,

and I typed in my height, I typed in my weight,

utipkao svoju visinu i težinu,

and I pushed Enter,

pritisnuo Unesi,

and it came back and said "obese."

i aplikacija mi je rekla da sam "pretio".

I thought, "What a stupid website."

Pomislih, "Kako glupa stranica."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

"I'm not obese. I would know if I was obese."

"Nisam ja pretio. Znao bih da jesam."

And then I started getting honest with myself

I onda sam počeo biti iskren sa sobom

about what had become my lifelong struggle with obesity,

o mojoj cjeloživotnoj borbi s debljinom,

and I noticed this pattern,

i uočio sam obrazac,

that I was gaining about two or three pounds a year,

dobivao sam 2-3 funte (1 kg) godišnje,

and then about every 10 years, I'd drop 20 or 30 pounds.

i svakih deset godina, izgubio bih 20 ili 30 funti (9 - 13 kg).

And then I'd do it again.

I onda sve ispočetka.

And I had this huge closet full of clothes,

Imao sam ogroman ormar pun odjeće

and I could only wear a third of it at any one time,

i mogao sam nositi samo trećinu u danom razdoblju

and only I knew which part of the closet I could wear.

i samo sam ja znao koji dio ormara mogu nositi.

But it all seemed fairly normal, going through it.

Ali sve mi se to činilo relativno normalno.

Well, I finally decided I needed to lose weight,

Konačno sam odlučio da moram smršaviti,

and I knew I could because I'd done it so many times before,

a znao sam da to mogu jer sam to već toliko puta napravio,

so I simply stopped eating as much.

pa sam jednostavno prestao toliko jesti.

I had always exercised.

Uvijek sam vježbao.

That really wasn't the part of the equation

To nije bio dio na kojem sam

that I needed to work on.

morao poraditi.

But I had been eating 3,000 calories a day,

Dotad sam jeo 3 000 kalorija,

and I cut it to 2,000 calories a day,

pa sam smanjio unos na 2 000 kalorija dnevno,

and the weight came off. I lost about a pound a week

i izgubio sam na težini. Gubio sam 1 funtu (0.5 kg) tjedno

for about 40 weeks.

tijekom 40 tjedana.

Along the way, though,

Nekako usput,

I started examining my city,

počeo sam promatrati svoj grad,

its culture, its infrastructure,

njegovu kulturu, infrastrukturu,

trying to figure out why our specific city

pokušao sam shvatiti zašto baš naš grad

seemed to have a problem with obesity.

ima problema s pretilosti.

And I came to the conclusion

Zaključio sam

that we had built an incredible quality of life

da smo osigurali nevjerojatnu kvalitetu života

if you happen to be a car.

ako ste automobil.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But if you happen to be a person,

Ali čovjek se bori

you are combatting the car seemingly at every turn.

s automobilima na svakom koraku.

Our city is very spread out.

Grad nam je jako razgranat.

We have a great intersection of highways,

Imamo veliko sjecište autocesta,

I mean, literally no traffic congestion in Oklahoma City to speak of.

nemamo doslovno nikakva prometna zagušenja u Oklahoma Cityu.

And so people live far, far away.

Tako da ljudi žive jako, jako daleko.

Our city limits are enormous, 620 square miles,

Granice našeg grada su ogromne, 620 kvadratnih milja,

but 15 miles is less than 15 minutes.

ali za 15 milja treba manje od 15 minuta.

You literally can get a speeding ticket

U Oklahoma Cityu doslovno možete dobiti kaznu

during rush hour in Oklahoma City.

za prebrzu vožnju za vrijeme špice.

And as a result, people tend to spread out.

Stoga se ljudi šire.

Land's cheap.

Zemljišta su jeftina.

We had also not required developers

Čak nam jako dugo nisu trebali

to build sidewalks on new developments for a long, long time.

razvojni inženjeri za izgradnju pločnika za novogradnju.

We had fixed that, but it had been relatively recently,

To smo popravili, ali tek nedavno,

and there were literally 100,000

i bilo je doslovno 100 000

or more homes into our inventory

kuća ili čak više na našem popisu

in neighborhoods that had virtually no level of walkability.

u naseljima koji nisu imali gotovo nikakvu prohodnost.

And as I tried to examine

Dok sam pokušavao smisliti

how we might deal with obesity,

kako bismo se mogli nositi s pretilosti,

and was taking all of these elements into my mind,

i uzimao u obzir svaki od ovih elemenata,

I decided that the first thing we need to do

odlučio sam da najprije trebamo

was have a conversation.

porazgovarati.

You see, in Oklahoma City,

Vidite, mi u Oklahoma Cityu,

we weren't talking about obesity.

mi nismo razgovarali o pretilosti.

And so, on New Year's Eve of 2007,

Tako sam 2007., na Staru godinu

I went to the zoo,

otišao u zoološki vrt,

and I stood in front of the elephants,

stao pred slonove

and I said, "This city is going on a diet,

i rekao: "Ovaj grad ide na dijetu

and we're going to lose a million pounds."

i izgubit ćemo milijun funti"

Well, that's when all hell broke loose.

Tada je nastao pakao.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

The national media

Državni su se mediji

gravitated toward this story immediately,

odmah uhvatili ove priče,

and they really could have gone with it one of two ways.

i uistinu su je mogli prikazati na dva načina.

They could have said,

Mogli su reći:

"This city is so fat

"Ovaj je grad toliko debeo

that the mayor had to put them on a diet."

da ih gradonačelnik mora staviti na dijetu."

But fortunately, the consensus was,

Srećom, sporazumno je rečeno:

"Look, this is a problem in a lot of places.

"Gledajte, ovo je problem u mnogim mjestima.

This is a city that's wanting to do something about it."

Ovaj grad želi nešto poduzeti po tom pitanju."

And so they started helping us

Tako su nam počeli pomagati u

drive traffic to the website.

povećanju prometa naše web-stranice.

Now, the web address was

Web-adresa je glasila

thiscityisgoingonadiet.com.

thiscityisgoingonadiet.com. (ovajgradidenadijetu.com)

And I appeared on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show"

Gostovao sam u jutarnjem showu kod Ellen DeGeneres

one weekday morning to talk about the initiative,

jednog radnog dana kako bih govorio o ovoj inicijativi,

and on that day, 150,000 visits

i na taj dan naša je web-stranica

were placed to our website.

posjećena 150 000 puta.

People were signing up,

Ljudi su se prijavljivali,

and so the pounds started to add up,

kilogrami zbrajati

and the conversation that I thought

i razgovor za koji sam smatrao

was so important to have was starting to take place.

toliko važnim počeo se voditi.

It was taking place inside the homes,

Vodio se u kućama,

mothers and fathers talking about it with their kids.

majke i očevi vodili su ih sa svojom djecom.

It was taking place in churches.

Vodio se u crkvama.

Churches were starting their own running groups

Crkve su pokretale vlastite grupe

and their own support groups

za trčanje i grupe podrške

for people who were dealing with obesity.

za ljude u borbi s pretilosti.

Suddenly, it was a topic worth discussing at schools

Odjednom je to postala tema vrijedna raspravljanja u školama

and in the workplace.

i na radnim mjestima.

And the large companies, they typically have

Velike kompanije obično imaju

wonderful wellness programs,

odlične wellness-programe,

but the medium-sized companies

ali one srednje veličine,

that typically fall between the cracks on issues like this,

koje ovakva pitanja obično zanemaruju,

they started to get engaged and used our program

počele su se uključivati i koristile su naš program

as a model for their own employees

kao model za svoje zaposlenike

to try and have contests to see

koji bi oni isprobali i vidjeli

who might be able to deal with their obesity situation

tko se može boriti sa svojim problemom pretilosti

in a way that could be proactively beneficial to others.

proaktivno i korisno i za druge.

And then came the next stage of the equation.

Zatim je došlo vrijeme za sljedeći korak u jednadžbi.

It was time to push what I called MAPS 3.

Vrijeme da proguramo ono što sam nazvao MAPS 3.

Now MAPS 3, like the other two programs,

Poput druga dva programa, MAPS 3

had had an economic development motive behind it,

imao je na umu ekonomski razvitak,

but along with the traditional economic development tasks

ali uz tradicionalne zadatke ekonomskog razvitka

like building a new convention center,

poput izgradnje novog konferencijskog centra,

we added some health-related infrastructure

dodali smo i zdravstvenu infrastrukturu

to the process.

u taj proces.

We added a new central park, 70 acres in size,

Dodali smo novi središnji park, veličine 70 hektara,

to be right downtown in Oklahoma City.

u čisto središte Oklahoma Citya.

We're building a downtown streetcar

Gradimo tramvaj u središtu grada

to try and help the walkability formula

kako bismo pojačali formulu za prohodnost

for people who choose to live in the inner city

ljudima koji žive u središtu grada

and help us create the density there.

i kako bismo ondje ostvarili veću gustoću naseljenosti.

We're building senior health and wellness centers

Gradimo zdravstvene i wellness centre za starije

throughout the community.

širom cijele zajednice.

We put some investments on the river

Uložili smo u rijeku

that had originally been invested upon

u koju se ulagalo i u

in the original MAPS,

originalnom projektu MAPS,

and now we are currently in the final stages

i trenutno smo u posljednjim fazama

of developing the finest venue in the world

razvoja najboljeg mjesta za natjecanja na svijetu

for the sports of canoe, kayak and rowing.

u kanuingu, kajaku i veslanju.

We hosted the Olympic trials last spring.

Prošlog proljeća tu su održane kvalifikacije za Olimpijadu.

We have Olympic-caliber events coming to Oklahoma City,

Događaji u rangu Olimpijade dolaze u Oklahoma City

and athletes from all over the world moving in,

i sportaši iz cijelog svijeta dolaze,

along with inner city programs

i zajedno sa programima za centar grada

to get kids more engaged in these types of recreational activities

rade na uključivanju djece u ovakve rekreacijske aktivnosti

that are a little bit nontraditional.

koje su pomalo nekonvencionalne.

We also, with another initiative that was passed,

Također, s drugom prihvaćenom inicijativom

are building hundreds of miles of new sidewalks

gradimo stotine milja pločnika

throughout the metro area.

preko cijelog okruga.

We're even going back into some

Čak se vraćamo nekim

inner city situations

situacijama u središtu grada

where we had built neighborhoods

gdje smo izgradili naselja

and we had built schools

i škole,

but we had not connected the two.

ali ih nismo međusobno povezali.

We had built libraries and we had built neighborhoods,

Izgradili smo knjižnice i naselja,

but we had never really connected the two

ali ni njih nismo međusobno povezali

with any sort of walkability.

sredstvima prohodnosti.

Through yet another funding source,

Kroz jedan drugi izvor financiranja

we're redesigning all of our inner city streets

redizajniramo sve ulice u centru grada

to be more pedestrian-friendly.

kako bi bile pogodnije za pješake.

Our streets were really wide,

Ulice su nam bile preširoke,

and you'd push the button to allow you to walk across,

i morali biste pritisnuti gumb da vam dozvoli da prijeđete

and you had to run in order to get there in time.

i zatim trčati preko da stignete na vrijeme.

But now we've narrowed the streets,

Sad smo suzili ulice,

highly landscaped them, making them more pedestrian-friendly,

uredili ih tako da su pogodnije pješacima,

really a redesign, rethinking the way

redizajnirali i razmotrili načine na koji

we build our infrastructure,

gradimo svoju infrastrukturu,

designing a city around people and not cars.

dizajnirajući grad za ljude, a ne za automobile.

We're completing our bicycle trail master plan.

Završavamo urbanistički plan za biciklističku stazu.

We'll have over 100 miles

Imat ćemo preko sto milja

when we're through building it out.

kada završimo njenu gradnju.

And so you see this culture starting to shift

Vidite kako se kultura polako

in Oklahoma City.

mijenja u Oklahoma Cityu.

And lo and behold, the demographic changes

Nadolazeće demografske promjene

that are coming with it are very inspiring.

koje s njom dolaze iznimno su inspirativne.

Highly educated twentysomethings

Visokoobrazovani 20-ogodišnjaci

are moving to Oklahoma City from all over the region

doseljavaju se u Oklahoma City iz cijele regije

and, indeed, even from further away, in California.

i čak i šire, iz Kalifornije.

When we reached a million pounds,

Kada smo dosegli milijun funti,

in January of 2012,

u siječnju 2012. godine,

I flew to New York with some our participants

otputovao sam u New York s nekima od sudionika

who had lost over 100 pounds,

koji su izgubili preko 100 funti,

whose lives had been changed,

čiji su se životi promijenili,

and we appeared on the Rachael Ray show,

i gostovali smo u showu kod Rachael Ray

and then that afternoon, I did a round of media in New York

i tog sam poslijepodneva obišao njujorkške medije

pushing the same messages

i pokušavao progurati iste one poruke

that you're accustomed to hearing about obesity and the dangers of it.

koje ste već navikli slušati o pretilosti i njenim opasnostima.

And I went into the lobby of Men's Fitness magazine,

Otišao sam u predvorje časopisa Men's Fitness,

the same magazine that had put us on that list

istog onog časopisa koji nas je i stavio na onu listu

five years before.

prije pet godina.

And as I'm sitting in the lobby waiting to talk to the reporter,

Dok sam sjedio tamo čekajući da razgovaram s novinarom,

I notice there's a magazine copy

primijetio sam primjerak trenutnog broja

of the current issue right there on the table,

časopisa na stolu.

and I pick it up, and I look at the headline

Uzeo sam ga, pogledao naslovnicu

across the top, and it says,

na kojoj je pisalo:

"America's Fattest Cities: Do You Live in One?"

"Najdeblji američki gradovi: živite li u jednom od njih?"

Well, I knew I did,

Znao sam da živim,

so I picked up the magazine

pa sam uzeo časopis

and I began to look,

i počeo ga čitati i primijetio

and we weren't on it.

da mi nismo na listi.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Then I looked on the list of fittest cities,

Zatim sam proučio listu gradova u najboljoj formi,

and we were on that list.

i na toj listi smo bili.

We were on the list as the 22nd fittest city in the United States.

Bili smo na 22. mjestu gradova u najboljoj formi u SAD-u.

Our state health statistics are doing better.

Naše državne zdravstvene statistike idu nabolje.

Granted, we have a long way to go.

Doduše, čeka nas još puno posla.

Health is still not something

Zdravlje još uvijek nije nešto

that we should be proud of in Oklahoma City,

čime bismo se trebali ponositi u Oklahoma Cityu,

but we seem to have turned the cultural shift

ali izgleda da smo napravili kulturni preokret

of making health a greater priority.

time što nam je zdravlje postalo veći prioritet.

And we love the idea of the demographics

Sviđa nam se ideja demografije

of highly educated twentysomethings,

visokoobrazovnih dvadesetogodišnjaka,

people with choices, choosing Oklahoma City

ljudi koji imaju izbora, kako u

in large numbers.

velikom broju biraju Oklahoma City.

We have the lowest unemployment in the United States,

Imamo najnižu stopu nezaposlenosti u SAD-u i

probably the strongest economy in the United States.

vjerojatno i najjaču ekonomiju.

And if you're like me, at some point

Ukoliko ste poput mene,

in your educational career,

u određenom razdoblju vašeg obrazovanja

you were asked to read a book called

vjerojatno ste morali pročitati knjigu

"The Grapes of Wrath."

"Plodovi gnjeva".

Oklahomans leaving for California

Stanovnici Oklahome odlaze u Kaliforniju

in large numbers for a better future.

u velikim brojevima u potrazi za boljom budućnosti.

When we look at the demographic shifts

Promatrajući ove demografske promjene

of people coming from the west,

doseljavanja sa zapada,

it appears that what we're seeing now

čini se da sada imamo

is the wrath of grapes.

"gnjevne plodove".

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

The grandchildren are coming home.

Unuci se vraćaju kući.

You've been a great audience and very attentive.

Bili ste odlična i pažljiva publika.

Thank you very much for having me here.

Puno vam hvala što ste me pozvali ovdje.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)