New bionics let us run, climb and dance | Hugh Herr | TED

譯者: Jina Chen 審譯者: 杏儀 歐陽

Looking deeply inside nature,

探察自然本質

through the magnifying glass of science,

透過科學之放大鏡，

設計者對自然的本質、過程及材料

designers extract principles, processes and materials

進行提取，

that are forming the very basis of design methodology.

這三者形成設計方法論之基石。

從使用合成技術

From synthetic constructs that resemble biological materials,

來模仿生物材料，

to computational methods that emulate neural processes,

到利用計算機方式來模仿神經傳導，

nature is driving design.

自然都是在駕馭設計。

Design is also driving nature.

而設計本身亦在驅使自然。

In realms of genetics, regenerative medicine and synthetic biology,

在基因學、再生醫學、

及合成生物學領域中，

designers are growing novel technologies,

設計者不斷發展

not foreseen or anticipated by nature.

自然從未預測到或預料到的創新技術。

仿生學研究的，

Bionics explores the interplay between biology and design.

是生物學與設計之間的互動。

As you can see, my legs are bionic.

大家可見，我的雙腿為仿生所造。

Today, I will tell human stories of bionic integration;

今日我要講的是，

仿生學與人類相融合的故事，

how electromechanics attached to the body, and implanted inside the body

電機機械系與人體相結合的方式、

植入人體內的方式，

正正開始

are beginning to bridge the gap between disability and ability,

縮小殘疾人與健全人之間的距離、

between human limitation and human potential.

縮小人類局限性

與人類潛能之間的距離。

Bionics has defined my physicality.

仿生學給我的身體帶來新的定義。

一九八二年，我雙腿截肢，

In 1982, both of my legs were amputated

due to tissue damage from frostbite,

因為在一次登山事故中

incurred during a mountain-climbing accident.

我的雙腿組織被凍傷。

At that time, I didn't view my body as broken.

那時候，我並無將自己的身體

視為殘疾。

I reasoned that a human being can never be "broken."

我的邏輯是，一個人

永遠不會殘疾。

Technology is broken.

科技才是殘疾的。

Technology is inadequate.

科技是有缺陷的。

This simple but powerful idea was a call to arms,

這個簡單但強大的念頭

是對行動的召喚，

召喚改善科技，

to advance technology for the elimination of my own disability,

消除我自身的缺陷，

and ultimately, the disability of others.

最終亦都解決他人之缺陷。

I began by developing specialized limbs

我開始設計特殊肢臂，

that allowed me to return to the vertical world

這樣的設計允許我

of rock and ice climbing.

重返岩石冰川的攀登世界。

I quickly realized that the artificial part of my body is malleable;

我很快意識到，我身體中的人造部分

具有可塑性，

able to take on any form, any function --

可以以各種形狀功能出現，

a blank slate for which to create,

如同一塊白板，

perhaps, structures that could extend beyond biological capability.

可被延伸塑造成

超越生物性能的結構。

我可以調節我的身高。

I made my height adjustable.

I could be as short as five feet or as tall as I'd like.

我可以變成五寸釘，亦可以變成六尺高。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So when I was feeling bad about myself,

所以當我為自己難過時、

缺乏安全感時，我就會增加身高；

insecure, I would jack my height up.

(Laughter)

到我覺得自信嫻雅的時候，

But when I was feeling confident and suave,

我就會調低一節高度，

I would knock my height down a notch, just to give the competition a chance.

就當系一個競賽。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）（掌聲）

(Applause)

狹窄楔形的雙腳

Narrow-edged feet allowed me to climb steep rock fissures,

令我攀登陡峭岩石裂紋時游刃有餘，

where the human foot cannot penetrate,

但是一般的人腳則不能做到，

and spiked feet enabled me to climb vertical ice walls,

帶尖刺的脚

允許我攀登垂直冰牆時，

without ever experiencing muscle leg fatigue.

不會出現雙腿肌肉疲勞。

Through technological innovation,

通過技術創新，

I returned to my sport, stronger and better.

我以更強勁的姿態重返運動。

Technology had eliminated my disability,

技術抹去我身體的缺陷，

賦予我嶄新的攀登潛能。

and allowed me a new climbing prowess.

As a young man, I imagined a future world where technology so advanced

作為年少之人，我想像在未來的世界裡，

科技會相當先進，

足以擺脫殘疾的世界，

could rid the world of disability,

a world in which neural implants would allow

在那個世界，神經植入

the visually impaired to see.

可以幫助視障人士重見光明，

身體癱瘓的人

A world in which the paralyzed could walk, via body exoskeletons.

可以借助身體外骨骼重新步行。

Sadly, because of deficiencies in technology,

可惜，因為科技是有缺陷的，

disability is rampant in the world.

殘疾還是遍布全球。

這位先生缺少三條肢臂。

This gentleman is missing three limbs.

As a testimony to current technology, he is out of the wheelchair,

這是給現代科技的證明，

這位先生已經擺脫了輪椅，

but we need to do a better job in bionics, to allow, one day, full rehabilitation

但我們需要進一步完善仿生學，

允許將來有一天

for a person with this level of injury.

受到如此創傷的人亦可以完全恢復。

At the MIT Media Lab, we've established the Center for Extreme Bionics.

我們在 MIT 媒體實驗室建立了

高端仿生學中心。

The mission of the center is to put forth fundamental science

該中心的使命，

是發展基礎科學

以及科技能力，

and technological capability

that will allow the biomechatronic and regenerative repair of humans,

使得人類可以利用 生物機械仿生學和再生學

across a broad range of brain and body disabilities.

在大範圍內修復

大腦和身體的殘疾問題。

Today, I'm going to tell you how my legs function, how they work,

今日我要跟大家講解 我雙腿的功能、

我雙腿的運作方式，

as a case in point for this center.

以此作為該中心的說明案例。

Now, I made sure to shave my legs last night,

現在我確定我昨晚剃了腳毛，

because I knew I'd be showing them off.

因為我知道今日我要 把雙腿展示給大家。

(Laughter)

Bionics entails the engineering of extreme interfaces.

仿生學需要高端層面工程。

There's three extreme interfaces in my bionic limbs:

我的仿生肢上有三個高端層面；

mechanical, how my limbs are attached to my biological body;

機械層面上，

我的雙腿是如何與我的肉體結合；

dynamic, how they move like flesh and bone;

動態層面，兩者如何像 同肉與骨那樣靈活運動；

and electrical, how they communicate with my nervous system.

電子層面上，兩者又是如何

與我的神經系統溝通。

I'll begin with mechanical interface.

我會先從機械層面開始講。

In the area of design, we still do not understand

在設計領域，我們尚不清楚

如何將設備機械安裝在人體上。

how to attach devices to the body mechanically.

對於我來說，不可置信的是，今時今日，

It's extraordinary to me that in this day and age,

one of the most mature, oldest technologies

人類歷史中最為長久成熟的技術

in the human timeline, the shoe, still gives us blisters.

——鞋子——

依然會令我們雙腳生水泡。

How can this be?

為什麼會這樣？

We have no idea how to attach things to our bodies.

我們不知道怎樣 在我們的身體上安裝東西。

This is the beautifully lyrical design work

這裡是一件漂亮得意的設計作品，

是 MIT 媒體實驗室的 內日·奧斯曼的作品。

of Professor Neri Oxman at the MIT Media Lab,

showing spatially varying exoskeletal impedances,

展示的是人体外骨骼抗阻空间，

是利用立體打印模型

shown here by color variation in this 3D-printed model.

通過色差顯示出來的。

Imagine a future where clothing is stiff and soft where you need it,

想像一下，在未來

衣服的柔軟硬挺由你而定，

when you need it, for optimal support and flexibility,

任何時候都可以 提供最佳的支持和靈活性，

without ever causing discomfort.

絲毫不會引起不適。

我的仿生肢安裝在我的體內，

My bionic limbs are attached to my biological body

via synthetic skins with stiffness variations,

用的是人造皮膚，

這種人造皮膚有不同柔軟度，

that mirror my underlying tissue biomechanics.

來適用我體內的組織生物機械。

要取得這樣的適用能力，

To achieve that mirroring, we first developed a mathematical model

我們首先為我的生物肢臂

of my biological limb.

建立了一個數學模型。

To that end, we used imaging tools such as MRI,

到了最後，我們使用成像工具，譬如 MRI，

to look inside my body,

觀察我的體內，

找出不同組織的

to figure out the geometries and locations of various tissues.

幾何形狀和位置。

We also took robotic tools --

我們亦使用了機器人工具。

here's a 14-actuator circle that goes around the biological limb.

這是14—執行器循環裝置，

用來測量我的生物肢體。

The actuators come in, find the surface of the limb,

這些執行器進去找出肢體的表面，

measure its unloaded shape,

測量缺失部分的形狀，

and then they push on the tissues

然後按壓組織，

to measure tissue compliances at each anatomical point.

從解剖學的角度，

測量組織的順從性。

We combine these imaging and robotic data

我們結合這些成像和機器人數據，

to build a mathematical description of my biological limb, shown on the left.

給我的生物肢體 建立一個數學描述，

也就是左邊的這些。

You see a bunch of points, or nodes?

大家可以看見一些點或節點。

At each node, there's a color that represents tissue compliance.

每一個節點都有 不同顏色標識組織的順從性。

We then do a mathematical transformation to the design of the synthetic skin,

然後我們做一個數學轉換，

轉換為人造皮膚的設計，

shown on the right.

如右圖

我們討論發現，最佳狀態是，

And we've discovered optimality is:

人體剛硬的時候，人造皮膚應該要柔軟，

where the body is stiff, the synthetic skin should be soft,

where the body is soft, the synthetic skin is stiff,

人體柔軟的時候，人體皮膚應該要剛硬。

and this mirroring occurs across all tissue compliances.

這種適應能力

應該體現在所有組織的服從性。

With this framework, we've produced bionic limbs

有了這個框架，

我們製造出仿生肢體，

that are the most comfortable limbs I've ever worn.

這是我有生以來 穿過的最舒服的義肢。

很明顯，在將來，

Clearly, in the future, our clothing, our shoes, our braces, our prostheses,

我們的衣服、鞋子、背帶、

還有我們的義肢要設計製造時，

will no longer be designed and manufactured using artisan strategies,

用的不再是手工藝方式，

but rather, data-driven quantitative frameworks.

而是資料提取的數據框架。

在未來，我們的鞋子

In that future, our shoes will no longer give us blisters.

不會再要我們長水泡。

現在我們也在人造皮膚裡

We're also embedding sensing and smart materials

into the synthetic skins.

植入感應和智能材料。

This is a material developed by SRI International, California.

這種材料

是由 SRI 國際（加州）研發。

這種材料利用靜電作用，改變柔軟度。

Under electrostatic effect, it changes stiffness.

So under zero voltage, the material is compliant,

所以材料無需電壓也具有服從性。

it's floppy like paper.

這種材料像紙張那樣輕軟。

Then the button's pushed, a voltage is applied,

按鈕按下去，啟動一伏特，

and it becomes stiff as a board.

這種材料就會變得像板那樣硬。

(Tapping sounds)

We embed this material into the synthetic skin

我們把這種材料植入到人造皮膚，

that attaches my bionic limb to my biological body.

用來連接我的仿生肢和肉體。

When I walk here, it's no voltage.

在我走路的時候，

沒有電壓。

My interface is soft and compliant.

我的觸面是柔軟服從的。

The button's pushed, voltage is applied, and it stiffens,

按鈕按下去，用到一伏特，

就會變硬，

offering me a greater maneuverability over the bionic limb.

令我更自如地

操作我的仿生肢。

We're also building exoskeletons.

我們亦都研發外骨骼。

This exoskeleton becomes stiff and soft

外骨骼可以變硬變軟，

in just the right areas of the running cycle,

隨著運動的節奏

在正確的地方保護生物關節，

to protect the biological joints from high impacts and degradation.

使其不受高衝擊和退化的影響。

In the future, we'll all be wearing exoskeletons

在未來，我們在平常的活動中，

in common activities, such as running.

譬如跑步時，都會使用外骨骼。

Next, dynamic interface.

下一個，動態層面。

How do my bionic limbs move like flesh and bone?

我的仿生肢是如何 像肉與骨那樣靈活活動？

At my MIT lab, we study how humans with normal physiologies

我們在我的 MIT 實驗室研究

人類是如何使用一般的 生理機能站立、走動和奔跑。

stand, walk and run.

肌肉如何作用，

What are the muscles doing,

and how are they controlled by the spinal cord?

肌肉又是如何受脊髓控制。

This basic science motivates what we build.

這類基礎科學促進我們的發展。

我們在發展仿生腳踝、膝蓋、臀。

We're building bionic ankles, knees and hips.

We're building body parts from the ground up.

我們在從頭開始 建立身體的各個部分。

The bionic limbs that I'm wearing are called BiOMs.

我現在所穿的義肢，叫 BiOMs。

They've been fitted to nearly 1,000 patients,

這種義肢已經使用在 將近一千個病人身上。

其中四百人是美國傷兵。

400 of which have been wounded U.S. soldiers.

這是怎樣使用？當腳跟著地時，

How does it work?

At heel strike, under computer control,

系統會通過電腦的控制控制柔軟度，

the system controls stiffness,

以降低肢體著地的衝擊。

to attenuate the shock of the limb hitting the ground.

Then at mid-stance, the bionic limb outputs high torques and powers

然後在走姿之間時，仿生肢會發出

高扭矩和高能量來把人提高，

to lift the person into the walking stride,

完成步伐，

comparable to how muscles work in the calf region.

這與肌肉在小腿位置的移動相似。

這個仿生推進力

This bionic propulsion is very important clinically to patients.

對臨床病人來說相當重要。

So on the left, you see the bionic device worn by a lady,

在左邊，大家看見仿生設備，

穿的人是一位女士——

on the right, a passive device worn by the same lady,

在右邊，同一位女士在使用不同的設備，

that fails to emulate normal muscle function,

這個設備不能模仿正常的肌肉功能——

enabling her to do something everyone should be able to do:

她穿上之後，

可以做常人能夠做到的事，

go up and down their steps at home.

在家裡面走上走落。

Bionics also allows for extraordinary athletic feats.

仿生肢同樣可以進行 出眾的體育運動競賽。

這是一位先生在石路上往上跑。

Here's a gentleman running up a rocky pathway.

This is Steve Martin -- not the comedian --

這是斯提夫•馬丁，他不是喜劇演員，

who lost his legs in a bomb blast in Afghanistan.

而是一位在阿富汗的 炸彈爆炸中失去雙腿的先生。

We're also building exoskeletal structures using these same principles,

我們也在利用同樣的原理，

發展可以包圍生物肢體的

外骨骼結構，

that wrap around the biological limb.

這位先生

This gentleman does not have any leg condition, any disability.

並沒有腿傷或殘疾。

He has a normal physiology,

他的身體很正常，

so these exoskeletons are applying muscle-like torques and powers,

因此，這些外骨骼

正在利用與肌肉相仿的扭矩和力量，

so that his own muscles need not apply those torques and powers.

這樣他自己的肌肉

就不需要用到那些扭矩和力量。

這是外骨骼首次在歷史上

This is the first exoskeleton in history that actually augments human walking.

協助人類步行。

It significantly reduces metabolic cost.

這樣能夠大量地降低代謝值。

It's so profound in its augmentation,

外骨骼的使用效果相當顯著，

一個正常健康的人

that when a normal, healthy person wears the device for 40 minutes

穿著這個設備四十分鐘，

and then takes it off,

然後脫下，

their own biological legs feel ridiculously heavy and awkward.

他們自己的生物腿

就會覺得無比沉重和彆扭。

現在我們正在開啟的時代，

We're beginning the age in which machines attached to our bodies

是一個把機器安裝在我們身上、

will make us stronger and faster and more efficient.

使我們更強、更快、

更有效的時代。

Moving on to electrical interface:

繼續說電子層面，

How do my bionic limbs communicate with my nervous system?

我的仿生肢

如何與我的神經系統溝通？

Across my residual limb are electrodes

我的殘肢上佈滿了電極，

that measure the electrical pulse of my muscles.

這些電極是用來測量肌肉電脈衝。

That's communicated to the bionic limb,

這是用來與仿生肢溝通的，

so when I think about moving my phantom limb,

當我想到移動我的義肢時，

機器人會追踪這些動作慾望。

the robot tracks those movement desires.

圖表基本顯示

This diagram shows fundamentally how the bionic limb is controlled.

仿生肢是如何受到控制，

So we model the missing biological limb,

我們因此做缺失的 生物肢的模型，

而我們也發現在發生反射時，

and we've discovered what reflexes occurred,

how the reflexes of the spinal cord are controlling the muscles.

骨髓的反射

又是如何控制肌肉，

And that capability is embedded in the chips of the bionic limb.

這個功能

植入在仿生肢的芯片中。

然後我們要做的，

What we've done, then, is we modulate the sensitivity of the reflex,

是調節反射的敏感度、

the modeled spinal reflex, with the neural signal,

模擬的骨髓反應

以及神經信號，

so when I relax my muscles in my residual limb,

這樣當我在殘肢中 作出肌肉反射時，

I get very little torque and power,

我不會怎樣感到扭矩和力量，

but the more I fire my muscles, the more torque I get,

但是我越刺激我的肌肉，

我受到的扭矩就越多，

and I can even run.

我甚至可以跑步。

這是首次展示

And that was the first demonstration of a running gait under neural command.

神經系統指控下的跑步步伐。

Feels great.

感覺相當不錯

(Applause)

（掌聲）

我們想要更進一步，

We want to go a step further.

We want to actually close the loop

我們想要消除

between the human and the bionic external limb.

人類和仿生外肢之間的距離。

We're doing experiments

我們正在做一些實驗，

where we're growing nerves, transected nerves,

通過使用信道射線 或微型信道射線，

培養神經，橫切神經。

through channels, or micro-channel arrays.

On the other side of the channel,

在信道的另一邊

the nerve then attaches to cells,

神經與細胞連接，

skin cells and muscle cells.

與皮膚細胞和肌肉細胞連接。

In the motor channels, we can sense how the person wishes to move.

在肌肉信道上我們可以感覺到

人想要如何移動。

That can be sent out wirelessly to the bionic limb,

而這可以無線傳輸到仿生肢上，

then [sensory information] on the bionic limb

然後仿生肢的傳感器

可以被轉化，

can be converted to stimulations in adjacent channels,

刺激相鄰的信道、感應信道。

sensory channels.

So when this is fully developed and for human use,

當這個技術發展完善、

可供人類使用的時候，

persons like myself will not only have

像我這樣的人

synthetic limbs that move like flesh and bone,

就不僅可以擁有靈活的人造肢體，

而且可以真正 感覺到肉骨間的活動。

but actually feel like flesh and bone.

這個影片中，麗薩•馬利

This video shows Lisa Mallette,

shortly after being fitted with two bionic limbs.

剛剛安裝了兩個仿生肢。

Indeed, bionics is making a profound difference in people's lives.

的確，仿生肢給人們的生活

帶來了深遠的影響。

(Video) Lisa Mallette: Oh my God.

（影片）麗薩•馬利：我的老天爺

LM: Oh my God, I can't believe it!

我的老天爺，真不可置信。

(Video) (Laughter)

LM: It's just like I've got a real leg!

這真像是得了一雙真的腿。

現在先不要跑。

Woman: Now, don't start running.

Man: Now turn around, and do the same thing walking up,

男人：現在轉身，

然後正常地走幾步。

but get on your heel to toe, like you would normally just walk on level ground.

走，站起來，

好像正常情況那樣走路。

試試走上那個小坡。

Try to walk right up the hill.

LM: Oh my God.

馬利：我的老天爺。

男人：這是不是在推著你走？

Man: Is it pushing you up?

LM: Yes! I'm not even -- I can't even describe it.

馬利：是啊！我甚至都沒有…我無法形容。

Man: It's pushing you right up.

男人：這在推著你走。

Hugh Herr: Next week, I'm visiting the Center --

修•赫：下週我要去中心的——

Thank you. Thank you.

（掌聲）謝謝，謝謝。

(Applause)

Thank you.

謝謝。下週我會去

Next week I'm visiting the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services,

醫療服務中心，

我要說服他們，

and I'm going to try to convince CMS

to grant appropriate code language and pricing,

讓他們授權合適的 代碼語言和價格，

讓這種技術

so this technology can be made available to the patients that need it.

對有需要的病人開放。

(Applause)

謝謝。（掌聲）

Thank you.

(Applause)

It's not well appreciated, but over half of the world's population

可能有些人還不知道，

但是世界上有一半人口

suffers from some form of cognitive, emotional, sensory or motor condition,

都在忍受著某種程度的

認知、情感、感知或肌肉運動疾病

and because of poor technology, too often, conditions result in disability

同時正因為技術的落後，

在多數情況下，這些疾病使人殘疾，

使人生更加受罪。

and a poorer quality of life.

基本的生理機能

Basic levels of physiological function should be a part of our human rights.

應該是我們人權的一部分。

每個人，都應該有權利

Every person should have the right to live life without disability

由自己選擇

沒有殘疾地生活——

if they so choose --

the right to live life without severe depression;

選擇不在極度沮喪中 度過餘生的權利；

the right to see a loved one, in the case of seeing-impaired;

在遭受視障的時候，

有看見愛人的權利；

or the right to walk or to dance,

在肢體癱瘓

in the case of limb paralysis or limb amputation.

或截肢的時候，

有步行跳舞的權利。

As a society, we can achieve these human rights,

我們是一個社會， 我們可以獲得這些人權，

if we accept the proposition that humans are not disabled.

只要我們能夠相信

人類不是殘疾的。

A person can never be broken.

人，永遠不會殘疾。

Our built environment, our technologies,

我們已有的環境、科技

are broken and disabled.

才是殘疾的。

We the people need not accept our limitations,

我們人類無需接受自身的局限性，

but can transcend disability through technological innovation.

我們可以通過科技創新，

超越殘疾。

Indeed, through fundamental advances in bionics in this century,

的確，通過在本世紀

在仿生技術上的基本進步，

我們會設立技術的基礎，

we will set the technological foundation for an enhanced human experience,

改善人類的生活，

and we will end disability.

我們會結束殘疾。

I'd like to finish up with one more story, a beautiful story.

我希望用一則故事結束我的演講，

一則美麗的故事，

The story of Adrianne Haslet-Davis.

雅芝•哈斯戴維的故事。

雅芝在波士頓恐怖襲擊中，

Adrianne lost her left leg in the Boston terrorist attack.

失去了她的雙腿。

I met Adrianne when this photo was taken, at Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital.

我跟雅芝的見面，

是在斯伯丁療養醫院 拍這張照片的時候。

Adrianne is a dancer, a ballroom dancer.

雅芝是一位舞者，標準舞舞者。

Adrianne breathes and lives dance.

雅芝呼吸生活的都是舞蹈。

舞蹈是她的表達方式，她的藝術形式。

It is her expression. It is her art form.

Naturally, when she lost her limb in the Boston terrorist attack,

她在波士頓恐怖襲擊中

失去左腿之後，

she wanted to return to the dance floor.

很自然，她想重返舞台。

After meeting her and driving home in my car,

跟她見完面後，我開車回家，

在路上我想，我是一名 MIT 教授。

I thought, I'm an MIT professor. I have resources.

我擁有的是資源。 我想給他做一個仿生肢，

Let's build her a bionic limb,

to enable her to go back to her life of dance.

讓她可以回到她的舞蹈人生。

我引入了數名 MIT 科學家，

I brought in MIT scientists with expertise in prosthetics,

他們的知識領域 覆蓋修復學、機器人學、

robotics, machine learning and biomechanics,

機器學習、生物力學，

and over a 200-day research period, we studied dance.

在兩百天的研究過程中，

我們研究舞蹈。

We brought in dancers with biological limbs,

我們引入擁有無殘疾的舞蹈員，

and we studied how they move,

研究他們的舞蹈動作、

what forces they apply on the dance floor,

以及他們在舞台上使用的力量，

and we took those data,

然後我們拿著這些資料，

and we put forth fundamental principles of dance,

發展出舞蹈的基礎原理，

reflexive dance capability,

反射性的舞蹈能力，

and we embedded that intelligence into the bionic limb.

我們將這種智能

植入仿生肢裡。

Bionics is not only about making people stronger and faster.

仿生學不止是用來

使人類變得更強更快。

Our expression, our humanity can be embedded into electromechanics.

我們的想法、我們的人道精神

也可以植入到電機機械當中。

只不過是區區 3.5 秒，

It was 3.5 seconds between the bomb blasts in the Boston terrorist attack.

波士頓恐怖襲擊中

兩次炸彈爆炸不過時隔 3.5 秒。

In 3.5 seconds, the criminals and cowards took Adrianne off the dance floor.

在這 3.5 秒裡，罪犯和懦夫們

就把雅芝趕下了舞台。

In 200 days, we put her back.

但在兩百天內，我們又把她召回來了。

We will not be intimidated, brought down, diminished, conquered or stopped

我們不會因為任何形式的暴力

而害怕、畏縮、

by acts of violence.

減弱、投降，或者止步。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

女士們先生們，請允許我向大家介紹

Ladies and gentlemen, please allow me to introduce Adrianne Haslet-Davis,

雅芝•哈斯戴維，

her first performance since the attack.

這是她在事故之後的首次表演。

She's dancing with Christian Lightner.

她的舞伴是基思德安•拉德樂。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

(Music: "Ring My Bell" performed by Enrique Iglesias)

（音樂：《我的鐘聲響起》， 歌手：恩里克•伊格萊西亞斯）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Ladies and gentlemen, members of the research team:

女士們先生們

有請研究組成員

Elliott Rouse

愛里特•羅斯和納特•維卡，

and Nathan Villagaray-Carski.

Elliott and Nathan.

愛里特和納特。

(Applause)

（掌聲）