New bionics let us run, climb and dance | Hugh Herr | TED

15,169,041 views ・ 2014-03-28

TED


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Prevoditelj: Senzos Osijek Recezent: Ivan Stamenković
00:13
Looking deeply inside nature,
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Gledajući duboko u unutrašnjost prirode
00:15
through the magnifying glass of science,
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kroz povećalo znanosti
dizajneri izvode načela,
00:19
designers extract principles, processes and materials
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procese i materijale,
00:22
that are forming the very basis of design methodology.
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koji čine samu osnovu dizajnerske metodologije,
od sintetskih materijala koji nalikuju
00:27
From synthetic constructs that resemble biological materials,
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biološkim materijalima
00:32
to computational methods that emulate neural processes,
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do računalnih metoda koje oponašaju živčane procese,
00:35
nature is driving design.
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priroda upravlja dizajnom.
00:39
Design is also driving nature.
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Dizajn također upravlja prirodom.
00:42
In realms of genetics, regenerative medicine and synthetic biology,
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U carstvu genetike, regenerativne medicine
i sintetske biologije,
00:45
designers are growing novel technologies,
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dizajneri stvaraju nove tehnologije
00:48
not foreseen or anticipated by nature.
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koje nisu predviđene ili očekivane od prirode.
Bionički udovi povezuju
00:53
Bionics explores the interplay between biology and design.
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biologiju i dizajn.
00:59
As you can see, my legs are bionic.
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Kao što možete vidjeti, moje noge su bioničke.
01:02
Today, I will tell human stories of bionic integration;
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Danas ću ispričati ljudske priče
o bioničkoj ugradnji,
01:08
how electromechanics attached to the body, and implanted inside the body
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kako elektromehanika povezana s mojim tijelom
i usađena u moje tijelo
počinje premošćivati prostor
01:14
are beginning to bridge the gap between disability and ability,
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između invalidnosti i zdravlja,
01:18
between human limitation and human potential.
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između ljudskih ograničenja
i ljudskih potencijala.
01:24
Bionics has defined my physicality.
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Bionički su udovi definirali moju tjelesnost.
1982., amputirane su mi obje noge
01:28
In 1982, both of my legs were amputated
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01:30
due to tissue damage from frostbite,
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kao posljedica oštećenja tkiva zbog smrzavanja
01:32
incurred during a mountain-climbing accident.
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koje se dogodilo pri nezgodi kod planinarenja.
01:35
At that time, I didn't view my body as broken.
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U to vrijeme, nisam gledao na svoje tijelo
kao polomljeno.
01:40
I reasoned that a human being can never be "broken."
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Smatrao sam da ljudsko biće
nikada ne može biti polomljeno.
01:45
Technology is broken.
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Tehnologija je polomljena.
01:48
Technology is inadequate.
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Tehnologija je neadekvatna.
01:51
This simple but powerful idea was a call to arms,
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Jednostavna, ali snažna ideja
bila je snažan poziv
za unaprijediti tehnologiju
01:56
to advance technology for the elimination of my own disability,
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kako bih uklonio vlastitu invalidnost
02:00
and ultimately, the disability of others.
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i naposljetku i invalidnost drugih.
02:04
I began by developing specialized limbs
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Započeo sam sa stvaranjem specijaliziranih udova
02:07
that allowed me to return to the vertical world
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koji su mi dopustili da se vratim
02:09
of rock and ice climbing.
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vertikalnom svijetu planina i penjanja po ledu.
02:11
I quickly realized that the artificial part of my body is malleable;
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Ubrzo sam shvatio kako je umjetni dio moga tijela
prilagodljiv,
02:16
able to take on any form, any function --
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u mogućnosti zauzeti bilo koji oblik ili funkciju,
02:20
a blank slate for which to create,
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prazna ploča kroz koju možda možemo načiniti
02:23
perhaps, structures that could extend beyond biological capability.
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bilo koju strukturu koja bi se mogla ispružiti iza
bioloških mogućnosti.
Učinio sam svoju visinu prilagodljivom.
02:29
I made my height adjustable.
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02:30
I could be as short as five feet or as tall as I'd like.
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Mogao sam biti nizak, svega 152,4 cm ili visok koliko sam poželio.
02:33
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:35
So when I was feeling bad about myself,
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Tako da kada sam se osjećao loše vezano za sebe,
nesigurno, povećao bih svoju visinu,
02:39
insecure, I would jack my height up.
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02:41
(Laughter)
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ali kada bih se osjećao samopouzdano i uglađeno,
02:43
But when I was feeling confident and suave,
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mrvicu bih se smanjio,
02:45
I would knock my height down a notch, just to give the competition a chance.
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kako bih konkurenciji dao barem šansu.
02:49
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh) (Pljesak)
02:51
(Applause)
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Uska, klinasta stopala dopuštaju mi penjanje
02:53
Narrow-edged feet allowed me to climb steep rock fissures,
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po strmim kamenim procjepima
02:56
where the human foot cannot penetrate,
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u koje ljudska noga ne može prodrijeti,
02:59
and spiked feet enabled me to climb vertical ice walls,
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a šiljasta stopala omogućuju mi penjanje
po okomitim, ledenim zidovima
03:03
without ever experiencing muscle leg fatigue.
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bez da ikada osjetim umor mišića nogu.
03:07
Through technological innovation,
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Kroz tehnološku inovaciju,
03:09
I returned to my sport, stronger and better.
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vratio sam se sportu snažniji i bolji.
03:12
Technology had eliminated my disability,
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Tehnologija je uklonila moju invalidnost
i omogućila mi je nove penjačke vještine.
03:15
and allowed me a new climbing prowess.
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03:17
As a young man, I imagined a future world where technology so advanced
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Kao mladić, zamišljao sam budući svijet
u kojemu je toliki napredak tehnologije
mogao osloboditi svijet invalidnosti,
03:21
could rid the world of disability,
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03:22
a world in which neural implants would allow
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svijet u kojemu živčani implantati omogućuju
03:24
the visually impaired to see.
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slijepima vidjeti,
svijet u kojem paralizirani mogu hodati
03:27
A world in which the paralyzed could walk, via body exoskeletons.
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uz pomoć egzoskeleta.
03:32
Sadly, because of deficiencies in technology,
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Nažalost, zbog nedostataka u tehnologiji,
03:35
disability is rampant in the world.
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invalidnost je posvuda u svijetu.
Ovom gospodinu nedostaju tri uda.
03:37
This gentleman is missing three limbs.
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03:39
As a testimony to current technology, he is out of the wheelchair,
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Kao svjedočanstvo trenutnoj tehnologiji,
on je izvan invalidskih kolica,
03:43
but we need to do a better job in bionics, to allow, one day, full rehabilitation
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ali moramo učiniti bolji posao u bionici
kako bi jednoga dana omogućili potpuni oporavak
03:49
for a person with this level of injury.
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za osobe s ovom razinom ozljede.
03:53
At the MIT Media Lab, we've established the Center for Extreme Bionics.
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U MIT Media Lab-u, osnovali smo
Centar za ekstremne bioničke udove.
03:57
The mission of the center is to put forth fundamental science
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Cilj ovoga centra
je unaprijediti osnovnu znanost
i tehničku sposobnost što će omogućiti
04:02
and technological capability
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04:03
that will allow the biomechatronic and regenerative repair of humans,
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biomehatronički i regenerativni popravak ljudi
04:07
across a broad range of brain and body disabilities.
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širokog spektra
moždanih i tjelesnih invalidnosti.
04:13
Today, I'm going to tell you how my legs function, how they work,
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Danas ću vam reći kako moje noge funkcioniraju,
kako rade,
04:17
as a case in point for this center.
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kao slučaj koji prikazuje cilj ovoga centra.
04:20
Now, I made sure to shave my legs last night,
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Sada, pobrinuo sam se obrijati sinoć noge,
04:22
because I knew I'd be showing them off.
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jer sam znao da ću ih pokazivati.
04:24
(Laughter)
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04:26
Bionics entails the engineering of extreme interfaces.
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Bionički udovi podrazumijevaju inženjering ekstremnih sučelja.
04:29
There's three extreme interfaces in my bionic limbs:
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U mom bioničkom udu nalaze se tri sučelja:
04:32
mechanical, how my limbs are attached to my biological body;
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mehaničko, kako su moji udovi spojeni
na moje tijelo;
04:36
dynamic, how they move like flesh and bone;
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dinamičko, kako se kreću kao meso i kost;
04:39
and electrical, how they communicate with my nervous system.
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i električno, kako komuniciraju
s mojim živčanim sustavom.
04:42
I'll begin with mechanical interface.
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Započet ću s mehaničkim sučeljem.
04:45
In the area of design, we still do not understand
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U području dizajna, još uvijek ne razumijemo
kako mehanički spojiti uređaje na naše tijelo.
04:49
how to attach devices to the body mechanically.
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Za mene je nevjerojatno da nam u današnje vrijeme,
04:53
It's extraordinary to me that in this day and age,
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04:56
one of the most mature, oldest technologies
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jedna od najzrelijih, najstarijih tehnologija
04:58
in the human timeline, the shoe, still gives us blisters.
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u ljudskoj povijesti, cipela,
još uvijek stvara žuljeve.
05:03
How can this be?
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Kako je to moguće?
05:04
We have no idea how to attach things to our bodies.
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Nemamo pojma kako pričvrstiti stvari na naše tijelo.
05:08
This is the beautifully lyrical design work
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Ovo je prekrasan pjesnički dizajn rad
profesora Neri Oxman-a u MIT Media Lab-u,
05:11
of Professor Neri Oxman at the MIT Media Lab,
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05:13
showing spatially varying exoskeletal impedances,
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koji pokazuje prostorno različite egzoskeletne otpore,
kako je prikazano ovdje različitim bojama
05:17
shown here by color variation in this 3D-printed model.
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na ovom 3D isprintanom modelu.
05:21
Imagine a future where clothing is stiff and soft where you need it,
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Zamislite budućnost u kojoj je odjeća
kruta i mekana gdje je potrebna,
05:26
when you need it, for optimal support and flexibility,
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kada je potrebna, za optimalnu potporu i savitljivost,
05:29
without ever causing discomfort.
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a da nikada ne uzrokuje neudobnost.
Moji bionički udovi povezani su s mojim biološkim tijelom
05:32
My bionic limbs are attached to my biological body
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05:35
via synthetic skins with stiffness variations,
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preko sintetske kože
s varijacijama krutosti
05:39
that mirror my underlying tissue biomechanics.
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koje su zrcalna preslika biomehanike moga tkiva.
Kako bi postigli tu zrcalnost,
05:44
To achieve that mirroring, we first developed a mathematical model
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prvo smo razvili matematički model
05:47
of my biological limb.
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mog biološkog uda.
05:49
To that end, we used imaging tools such as MRI,
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Nakon toga, upotrijebili smo uređaje za snimanje, poput MR-a
05:52
to look inside my body,
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kako bi vidjeli unutrašnjost moga tijela,
kako bi shvatili oblike i pozicije
05:54
to figure out the geometries and locations of various tissues.
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različitih tkiva.
05:57
We also took robotic tools --
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Također smo koristili robotske uređaje.
05:59
here's a 14-actuator circle that goes around the biological limb.
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Ovdje vidite 14- pokretački krug?
koji se nalazi oko mog biološkog uda.
06:04
The actuators come in, find the surface of the limb,
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Pokretači dolaze, pronalaze površinu mog uda,
06:07
measure its unloaded shape,
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izmjere njegov opušten oblik,
06:09
and then they push on the tissues
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zatim pritišću tkivo
06:11
to measure tissue compliances at each anatomical point.
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kako bi izmjerili tkivnu popustljivost
u svakoj anatomskoj točki.
06:15
We combine these imaging and robotic data
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Te slikovne i robotičke podatke kombiniramo
06:17
to build a mathematical description of my biological limb, shown on the left.
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kako bi stvorili matematički opis
mog biološkog uda, koji se vidi lijevo.
06:21
You see a bunch of points, or nodes?
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Vidite hrpu točkica ili čvorića.
06:23
At each node, there's a color that represents tissue compliance.
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Na svakom čvoriću nalazi se boja koja predstavlja tkivnu popustljivost.
06:26
We then do a mathematical transformation to the design of the synthetic skin,
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Tada učinimo matematičko pretvaranje
u dizajn od sintetske kože
06:30
shown on the right.
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koji je prikazan desno,
shvatili smo da je optimalno
06:32
And we've discovered optimality is:
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gdje je tijelo čvrsto, koristiti mekanu sintetsku kožu,
06:34
where the body is stiff, the synthetic skin should be soft,
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06:37
where the body is soft, the synthetic skin is stiff,
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a gdje je tijelo mekano, koristiti krutu sintetsku kožu,
06:40
and this mirroring occurs across all tissue compliances.
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ova zrcalnost se pojavljuje
u svim tkivnim popustljivostima.
06:44
With this framework, we've produced bionic limbs
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Po ovom obrazcu,
proizveli smo bioničke udove
06:47
that are the most comfortable limbs I've ever worn.
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koji su najudobniji udovi koje sam ikada nosio.
Jasno u budućnosti,
06:51
Clearly, in the future, our clothing, our shoes, our braces, our prostheses,
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naša odjeća, naša obuća,
naše proteze, neće više biti dizajnirane
06:57
will no longer be designed and manufactured using artisan strategies,
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i proizvođene obrtničkim strategijama,
07:00
but rather, data-driven quantitative frameworks.
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već radije obrascima po unešenim podatcima.
U budućnosti, naše cipele
07:04
In that future, our shoes will no longer give us blisters.
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neće nam više davati žuljeve.
Također ugrađujemo osjetne i pametne materijale
07:09
We're also embedding sensing and smart materials
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07:11
into the synthetic skins.
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u naše sintetske kože.
07:13
This is a material developed by SRI International, California.
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Ovaj materijal
proizveden je od strane SRI International, Kalifornija.
Pod utjecajem elektrostatskog naboja, mijenja svoju čvrstoću.
07:18
Under electrostatic effect, it changes stiffness.
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07:21
So under zero voltage, the material is compliant,
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Dakle, kada nema napona, materijal je popustljiv.
07:24
it's floppy like paper.
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Mlohav je poput papira.
07:26
Then the button's pushed, a voltage is applied,
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Kada pritisnemo gumb, apliciramo napon,
07:28
and it becomes stiff as a board.
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i on postaje čvrst poput ploče.
07:30
(Tapping sounds)
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07:33
We embed this material into the synthetic skin
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Ovaj materijal ugradili smo u sintetsku kožu
07:36
that attaches my bionic limb to my biological body.
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koja povezuje moj bionički ud s mojim tijelom.
07:39
When I walk here, it's no voltage.
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Dok ovdje hodam,
nema napona.
07:42
My interface is soft and compliant.
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Moje sučelje je mekano i popustljivo.
07:44
The button's pushed, voltage is applied, and it stiffens,
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Kada se pritisne gumb, primjenjujemo napon,
te ono očvrsne,
07:47
offering me a greater maneuverability over the bionic limb.
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omogućujući mi širi spektar upravljanja
mojim bioničkim udom.
07:50
We're also building exoskeletons.
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Također proizvodimo egzoskelete.
Ovaj egzoskelet postaje čvrst i mekan
07:53
This exoskeleton becomes stiff and soft
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07:55
in just the right areas of the running cycle,
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na točno određenim područjima tijekom trčanja
kako bi sačuvao zglobove
07:58
to protect the biological joints from high impacts and degradation.
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od velikih udaraca i degradacije.
08:02
In the future, we'll all be wearing exoskeletons
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U budućnosti, svi ćemo nositi egzoskelete
08:05
in common activities, such as running.
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tijekom običnih aktivnosti poput trčanja.
08:08
Next, dynamic interface.
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Zatim, dinamičko sučelje.
08:10
How do my bionic limbs move like flesh and bone?
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Kako se moji bionički udovi pokreću poput mesa i kosti?
08:13
At my MIT lab, we study how humans with normal physiologies
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U mom MIT laboratoriju proučavamo zdrave ljude
dok stoje, hodaju i trče.
08:17
stand, walk and run.
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Što njihovi mišići rade
08:19
What are the muscles doing,
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08:20
and how are they controlled by the spinal cord?
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i kako su kontrolirani od strane kralježnične moždine?
08:23
This basic science motivates what we build.
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Osnove znanosti motiviraju što gradimo.
Proizvodimo bioničke gležnjeve, koljena i kukove.
08:26
We're building bionic ankles, knees and hips.
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08:28
We're building body parts from the ground up.
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Proizvodimo dijelove tijela od samih temelja.
08:31
The bionic limbs that I'm wearing are called BiOMs.
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Bionički udovi koje ja nosim zovu se BiOM-ovi.
08:35
They've been fitted to nearly 1,000 patients,
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Nosi ih gotovo 1000 pacijenata,
od kojih su 400 ranjeni američki vojnici.
08:39
400 of which have been wounded U.S. soldiers.
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Kako funkcioniraju? Pri udarcu petom, kompjuterskom kontrolom,
08:42
How does it work?
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08:43
At heel strike, under computer control,
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sustav kontrolira čvrstoću,
08:45
the system controls stiffness,
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kako bi ublažio šok udarca o podlogu.
08:47
to attenuate the shock of the limb hitting the ground.
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08:50
Then at mid-stance, the bionic limb outputs high torques and powers
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Zatim, u srednjem položaju, bionički ud proizvodi
snažnu obratnu silu i snagu kako bi podigao osobu
08:54
to lift the person into the walking stride,
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u hodajući stav,
08:56
comparable to how muscles work in the calf region.
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usporedivo načinu na koji djeluju mišići u području lista.
Ovaj bionički pogon je neizmjerno klinički
09:01
This bionic propulsion is very important clinically to patients.
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bitan pacijentima.
09:04
So on the left, you see the bionic device worn by a lady,
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Dakle, lijevo vidite bionički uređaj
kojeg nosi žena --
09:07
on the right, a passive device worn by the same lady,
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desno pasivni uređaj nošen od strane iste žene
09:10
that fails to emulate normal muscle function,
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koji ne uspijeva oponašati normalne mišićne funkcije --
09:13
enabling her to do something everyone should be able to do:
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koje joj omogućuju napraviti nešto
što bi svatko trebao moći napraviti,
09:17
go up and down their steps at home.
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penjati se gore i dolje po stepenicama u kući.
09:19
Bionics also allows for extraordinary athletic feats.
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Bionički udovi također omogućuju izvanredne atletske podvige.
Ovdje vidimo gospodina koji trči po kamenitom putu.
09:23
Here's a gentleman running up a rocky pathway.
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09:27
This is Steve Martin -- not the comedian --
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Ovo je Steve Martin, ne komičar,
09:30
who lost his legs in a bomb blast in Afghanistan.
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koji je izgubio noge u eksploziji, u Afganistanu.
09:34
We're also building exoskeletal structures using these same principles,
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Također gradimo egzoskeletne strukture
koristeći ista načela
koji okružuju biološki ud.
09:39
that wrap around the biological limb.
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Ovaj gospodin nema
09:42
This gentleman does not have any leg condition, any disability.
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nikakav poremećaj u nogama, nikakvu invalidnost.
09:47
He has a normal physiology,
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Ima normalnu fiziologiju,
09:49
so these exoskeletons are applying muscle-like torques and powers,
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tako da mu ovaj egzoskelet stvara
moment i snagu poput mišića
09:54
so that his own muscles need not apply those torques and powers.
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kako njegovi mišići ne bi morali stvarati
taj moment i snagu.
Ovo je prvi egzoskelet u povijesti
09:59
This is the first exoskeleton in history that actually augments human walking.
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koji zapravo poboljšava ljudsko hodanje.
10:04
It significantly reduces metabolic cost.
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Značajno umanjuje metaboličku potrošnju.
10:07
It's so profound in its augmentation,
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Toliko je temeljan u svom poboljšanju
da kada normalna, zdrava osoba
10:10
that when a normal, healthy person wears the device for 40 minutes
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nosi ovu spravu 40 minuta
10:13
and then takes it off,
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i zatim ju skine,
10:15
their own biological legs feel ridiculously heavy and awkward.
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njihove biološke noge
postaju smiješno teške i čudne.
Započinjemo doba u kojem će nas
10:20
We're beginning the age in which machines attached to our bodies
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strojevi povezani s našim tijelom
10:23
will make us stronger and faster and more efficient.
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učiniti jačima i bržima,
i uspješnijima.
10:27
Moving on to electrical interface:
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Prelazimo na električno sučelje,
10:29
How do my bionic limbs communicate with my nervous system?
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kako moji bionički udovi komuniciraju
s mojim živčanim sustavom?
10:32
Across my residual limb are electrodes
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Na površini mog batrljka su elektrode
10:34
that measure the electrical pulse of my muscles.
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koje mjere električne impulse mojih mišića.
10:37
That's communicated to the bionic limb,
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To se prenosi bioničkom udu,
10:39
so when I think about moving my phantom limb,
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tako da kada pomislim na pomicanje mog fantomskog uda,
robot očitava moju želju za pomicanjem.
10:42
the robot tracks those movement desires.
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Ovaj dijagram pokazuje osnove
10:46
This diagram shows fundamentally how the bionic limb is controlled.
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po kojima su bionički udovi kontrolirani,
10:50
So we model the missing biological limb,
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dakle modelirali smo nedostajući biološki ud,
i otkrili smo koji se refleksi izazivaju,
10:53
and we've discovered what reflexes occurred,
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10:55
how the reflexes of the spinal cord are controlling the muscles.
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kako refleksi kralježnične moždine
kontroliraju mišiće,
10:59
And that capability is embedded in the chips of the bionic limb.
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i ta je sposobnost ugrađena
u čip bioničkog uda.
Što smo nakon toga napravili, modulirali smo
11:05
What we've done, then, is we modulate the sensitivity of the reflex,
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osjetljivost refleksa,
11:08
the modeled spinal reflex, with the neural signal,
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po uzoru na spinalni refleks,
s živčanim signalom,
11:12
so when I relax my muscles in my residual limb,
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tako da kada opustim mišiće u svom batrljku,
11:15
I get very little torque and power,
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dobijam vrlo male momente sile i snagu,
11:18
but the more I fire my muscles, the more torque I get,
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ali što više potičem svoje mišiće,
veće momente dobijem,
11:21
and I can even run.
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što mi čak omogućuje trčanje.
Ovo je bila prva demonstracija
11:24
And that was the first demonstration of a running gait under neural command.
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trčanja pod utjecajem živčanih naredbi.
11:28
Feels great.
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Osjećaj je odličan.
11:30
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
Želimo ići korak ispred.
11:36
We want to go a step further.
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11:37
We want to actually close the loop
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Želimo zapravo zatvoriti petlju
11:40
between the human and the bionic external limb.
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između čovjeka i bioničkoga uda.
11:44
We're doing experiments
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Radimo na istraživanjima u kojima uzgajamo
11:45
where we're growing nerves, transected nerves,
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živce, presječene živce,
kroz kanale, ili red mikrokanala.
11:48
through channels, or micro-channel arrays.
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11:50
On the other side of the channel,
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Na drugom kraju kanala,
11:51
the nerve then attaches to cells,
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živac se spaja sa stanicom,
11:54
skin cells and muscle cells.
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stanicom kože ili mišića.
11:56
In the motor channels, we can sense how the person wishes to move.
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Kroz motorne kanale možemo osjetiti
kako se osoba želi pokrenuti.
12:01
That can be sent out wirelessly to the bionic limb,
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To se može bežično poslati bioničkom udu,
12:04
then [sensory information] on the bionic limb
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tada senzori na bioničkom udu
mogu biti prevedeni u stimulaciju
12:07
can be converted to stimulations in adjacent channels,
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u susjednom kanalu, osjetnom kanalu.
12:10
sensory channels.
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12:11
So when this is fully developed and for human use,
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Tako da kada je ovo u potpunosti proizvedeno
i spremno za ljudsku upotrebu,
12:15
persons like myself will not only have
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ljudi poput mene neće samo imati
12:18
synthetic limbs that move like flesh and bone,
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sintetske udove koji se pokreću poput mesa i kosti,
već će se osjećati kao meso i kost.
12:22
but actually feel like flesh and bone.
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Ovaj video pokazuje Lisu Mallette
12:26
This video shows Lisa Mallette,
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12:28
shortly after being fitted with two bionic limbs.
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neposredno nakon što je opremljena s dva bionička uda.
12:31
Indeed, bionics is making a profound difference in people's lives.
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Uistinu, bionički udovi čine
ogromnu razliku u ljudskim životima.
12:34
(Video) Lisa Mallette: Oh my God.
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(Video) Lisa Mallette: Moj Bože.
12:39
LM: Oh my God, I can't believe it!
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Moj Bože, ne vjerujem.
12:42
(Video) (Laughter)
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12:44
LM: It's just like I've got a real leg!
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Ovo je kao da imam pravu nogu.
Sada, nemoj početi trčati.
12:49
Woman: Now, don't start running.
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12:50
Man: Now turn around, and do the same thing walking up,
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Muškarac: Sada se okreni
i učini isto, penjući se gore.
12:53
but get on your heel to toe, like you would normally just walk on level ground.
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Penji se gore, koristi petu pa prste,
kao što bi normalno hodala po tlu.
Pokušaj se popeti uz uzvisinu.
12:57
Try to walk right up the hill.
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13:01
LM: Oh my God.
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LM: O moj Bože.
Muškarac: Gura li te prema gore?
13:04
Man: Is it pushing you up?
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13:05
LM: Yes! I'm not even -- I can't even describe it.
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LM: Da! Ne mogu uopće -- Ne mogu uopće opisati ovo.
13:10
Man: It's pushing you right up.
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Muškarac: Gura te prema gore.
13:12
Hugh Herr: Next week, I'm visiting the Center --
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Hugh Herr: Sljedeći tjedan, posjetit ću centar --
13:15
Thank you. Thank you.
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(Pljesak) Hvala, hvala.
13:16
(Applause)
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13:19
Thank you.
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Hvala. Sljedeći tjedan posjetit ću
13:21
Next week I'm visiting the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services,
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Centar za Medicare i Medicaid usluge
i pokušat ću nagovoriti CMS centar
13:25
and I'm going to try to convince CMS
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13:27
to grant appropriate code language and pricing,
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da odobri prikladne propise i cijene
kako bi ova tehnologija bila dostupna
13:30
so this technology can be made available to the patients that need it.
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svim pacijentima kojima je potrebna.
13:34
(Applause)
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Hvala vam. (Pljesak)
13:35
Thank you.
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13:36
(Applause)
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13:39
It's not well appreciated, but over half of the world's population
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Nije dovoljno cijenjeno, ali vše od pola
svjetske populacije
13:43
suffers from some form of cognitive, emotional, sensory or motor condition,
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pati od nekog oblika kognitivnog,
emocionalnog, osjetnog ili motoričkog poremećaja,
13:48
and because of poor technology, too often, conditions result in disability
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i zbog loše tehnologije,
prečesto, poremećaji završe invalidnošću
i lošijom kvalitetom života.
13:53
and a poorer quality of life.
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Osnovne razine fizioloških funkcija
13:55
Basic levels of physiological function should be a part of our human rights.
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trebale bi biti dijelom ljuskih prava.
Svaka osoba bi trebala imati pravo
14:00
Every person should have the right to live life without disability
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živjeti život bez invalidnosti
ukoliko tako odaberu --
14:04
if they so choose --
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14:05
the right to live life without severe depression;
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pravo na život bez teške depresije;
14:08
the right to see a loved one, in the case of seeing-impaired;
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pravo vidjeti osobu koju voli
u slučaju onih koji imaju oštećen vid;
14:12
or the right to walk or to dance,
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ili pravo na hodanje ili plesanje,
14:14
in the case of limb paralysis or limb amputation.
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u slučaju paralize uda
ili amputacije uda.
14:17
As a society, we can achieve these human rights,
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Kao društvo možemo ostvariti ova ljudska prava
14:21
if we accept the proposition that humans are not disabled.
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ukoliko prihvatimo prijedlog
da ljudi nisu invalidni.
14:27
A person can never be broken.
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Osoba nikada ne može biti polomljena.
14:30
Our built environment, our technologies,
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Naš sagrađeni okoliš, naša tehnologija
14:33
are broken and disabled.
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oni su polomljeni i nesposobni.
14:35
We the people need not accept our limitations,
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Mi, ljudi, ne trebamo prihvaćati naša ograničenja,
14:38
but can transcend disability through technological innovation.
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već nadmašiti nesposobost
kroz tehnološke inovacije.
14:42
Indeed, through fundamental advances in bionics in this century,
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Uistinu, preko bitnih napredaka
u bioničkim udovima, u ovom stoljeću,
postavit ćemo tehnološke temelje
14:46
we will set the technological foundation for an enhanced human experience,
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za poboljšanje ljudskog iskustva
14:50
and we will end disability.
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i stat ćemo na kraj invalidnosti.
14:53
I'd like to finish up with one more story, a beautiful story.
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Želio bih završiti s još jednom pričom,
prekrasnom pričom,
14:57
The story of Adrianne Haslet-Davis.
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pričom o Adrianne Haslet-Davis.
Adrianne je izgubila lijevu nogu
15:00
Adrianne lost her left leg in the Boston terrorist attack.
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tijekom bostonskog terorističkog napada.
15:04
I met Adrianne when this photo was taken, at Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital.
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Upoznao sam Adrianne kada je nastala ova slika
u bolnici za oporavak Spaulding.
15:08
Adrianne is a dancer, a ballroom dancer.
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Adrianne je plesačica.
15:11
Adrianne breathes and lives dance.
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Adrianne diše i živi ples.
To je njen izražaj. To je njen oblik umjetnosti.
15:14
It is her expression. It is her art form.
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15:16
Naturally, when she lost her limb in the Boston terrorist attack,
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Prirodno, kada je izgubila ud
tijekom tetorističkog napada u Bostonu,
15:20
she wanted to return to the dance floor.
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željela se vratiti na plesni podij.
15:23
After meeting her and driving home in my car,
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Nakon što sam ju upoznao i odvezao kući u mom autu,
pomislio sam, ja sam MIT profesor.
15:26
I thought, I'm an MIT professor. I have resources.
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Imam resurse. Idemo joj napraviti bionički ud
15:29
Let's build her a bionic limb,
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15:31
to enable her to go back to her life of dance.
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koji će joj omogućiti vraćanje životu i plesu.
Okupio sam MIT znanstvenike, stručnjake
15:35
I brought in MIT scientists with expertise in prosthetics,
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u protezama, robotici, učenju strojeva
15:38
robotics, machine learning and biomechanics,
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i biomehanici,
15:41
and over a 200-day research period, we studied dance.
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i tijekom 200 dana istraživanja,
proučavali smo ples.
15:45
We brought in dancers with biological limbs,
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Doveli smo plesače s biološkim udovima
15:49
and we studied how they move,
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i proučavali smo njihove kretnje,
15:51
what forces they apply on the dance floor,
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koje sile se upotrebljavaju na plesnom podiju,
15:55
and we took those data,
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uzeli smo sve te podatke
15:56
and we put forth fundamental principles of dance,
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i sastavili osnovne principe plesa,
16:00
reflexive dance capability,
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refleksne plesačke sposobnosti,
16:02
and we embedded that intelligence into the bionic limb.
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te smo ugradili te podatke
u bionički ud.
16:05
Bionics is not only about making people stronger and faster.
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Bionika ne čini ljude samo
jačima i bržima.
16:09
Our expression, our humanity can be embedded into electromechanics.
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Naša ekspresija, ljudskost
može biti ugrađena u elektromehaniku.
Prošlo je 3.5 sekundi
16:15
It was 3.5 seconds between the bomb blasts in the Boston terrorist attack.
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između eksplozije
tijekom terorističkog napada u Bostonu.
16:21
In 3.5 seconds, the criminals and cowards took Adrianne off the dance floor.
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U tih 3.5 sekundi zločinci i kukavice
maknuli su Adrianne s plesnog podija.
16:27
In 200 days, we put her back.
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Nakon 200 dana, mi smo ju vratili nazad.
16:30
We will not be intimidated, brought down, diminished, conquered or stopped
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Nećemo se dati zastrašiti, oboriti,
umanjiti, pokoriti ili zaustaviti
16:35
by acts of violence.
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djelima nasilja,
16:37
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
Dame i gospodo, molim vas dopustite mi da vam predstavim
16:45
Ladies and gentlemen, please allow me to introduce Adrianne Haslet-Davis,
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Adrianne Haslet-Davis,
16:49
her first performance since the attack.
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njen prvi nastup od napada.
16:52
She's dancing with Christian Lightner.
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Pleše s Christianom Lightnerom.
16:54
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
17:05
(Music: "Ring My Bell" performed by Enrique Iglesias)
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(Glazba: ˝Ring My Bell˝ izvođač Enrique Iglesias)
17:51
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
18:22
Ladies and gentlemen, members of the research team:
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Dame i gospodo,
članovi istraživačkog tima,
18:24
Elliott Rouse
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Elliott Rouse i Nathan Villagaray-Carski.
18:26
and Nathan Villagaray-Carski.
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18:29
Elliott and Nathan.
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Elliott i Nathan.
18:32
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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