New bionics let us run, climb and dance | Hugh Herr | TED

15,169,041 views ใƒป 2014-03-28

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: K Bang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Looking deeply inside nature,
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๊ณผํ•™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
00:15
through the magnifying glass of science,
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์ž์—ฐ์„ ๊นŠ์ˆ™ํžˆ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉฐ
๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์€ ์›๋ฆฌ์™€
00:19
designers extract principles, processes and materials
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๊ณผ์ • ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
00:22
that are forming the very basis of design methodology.
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๋””์ž์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์žฌ์งˆ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์žฌ์งˆ์„ ๋‹ฎ์€
00:27
From synthetic constructs that resemble biological materials,
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ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
00:32
to computational methods that emulate neural processes,
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ๊นŒ์ง€
00:35
nature is driving design.
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์ž์—ฐ์€ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
Design is also driving nature.
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๋””์ž์ธ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์ด๋Œ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
00:42
In realms of genetics, regenerative medicine and synthetic biology,
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์œ ์ „ํ•™์˜ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ์žฌ์ƒ ์•ฝํ’ˆ
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ
00:45
designers are growing novel technologies,
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๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์€ ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ
00:48
not foreseen or anticipated by nature.
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์ฐธ์‹ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™๊ณผ
00:53
Bionics explores the interplay between biology and design.
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๋””์ž์ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
As you can see, my legs are bionic.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
Today, I will tell human stories of bionic integration;
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ
์ธ๊ฐ„์  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
how electromechanics attached to the body, and implanted inside the body
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์‹ ์ฒด์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ ์ฒด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์ด์‹๋œ
์ „์ž์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
์žฅ์• ์™€ ๋น„์žฅ์• 
01:14
are beginning to bridge the gap between disability and ability,
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๋˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
01:18
between human limitation and human potential.
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๊ฐ„๊ทน์„ ๋ฉ”์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
Bionics has defined my physicality.
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์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์€ ์ €์˜ ์šด๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
In 1982, both of my legs were amputated
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1982๋…„์— ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฐ์•… ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์—์„œ ์ž…์€
01:30
due to tissue damage from frostbite,
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๋™์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์กฐ์ง ์†์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
01:32
incurred during a mountain-climbing accident.
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๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
At that time, I didn't view my body as broken.
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๋ชธ์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ 
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
I reasoned that a human being can never be "broken."
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ขŒ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ 
์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
Technology is broken.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
Technology is inadequate.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
This simple but powerful idea was a call to arms,
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด
์ œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์žฅ์• ์™€ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š”
01:56
to advance technology for the elimination of my own disability,
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๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š”
02:00
and ultimately, the disability of others.
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๊ธฐํญ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
I began by developing specialized limbs
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ„์™€ ์–ผ์Œ๋ฒฝ์„ ์ˆ˜์ง์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ
02:07
that allowed me to return to the vertical world
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๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”
02:09
of rock and ice climbing.
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ํŠนํ™”๋œ ์ˆ˜์กฑ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
I quickly realized that the artificial part of my body is malleable;
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฐ€
์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:16
able to take on any form, any function --
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์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๋“  ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ
02:20
a blank slate for which to create,
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๋งŒ๋Šฅ์ด์–ด์„œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„
02:23
perhaps, structures that could extend beyond biological capability.
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๋„˜์–ด์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„
๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
์ €๋Š” ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
I made my height adjustable.
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02:30
I could be as short as five feet or as tall as I'd like.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ตœ์†Œ 5ํ”ผํŠธ์—์„œ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ์˜ ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:35
So when I was feeling bad about myself,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค๋ฉด
ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋Š˜์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:39
insecure, I would jack my height up.
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02:41
(Laughter)
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ํ•œํŽธ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์œผ๋ฉด
02:43
But when I was feeling confident and suave,
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ 
02:45
I would knock my height down a notch, just to give the competition a chance.
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ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
02:51
(Applause)
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์ข๊ณ  ๋พฐ์กฑํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ
02:53
Narrow-edged feet allowed me to climb steep rock fissures,
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๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅธ ๋ฐ”์œ„ ๊ท ์—ด ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ๋กœ
02:56
where the human foot cannot penetrate,
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๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:59
and spiked feet enabled me to climb vertical ice walls,
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์ŠคํŒŒ์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ
๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๊ทผ์œก์— ํ”ผ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€์•Š๊ณ 
03:03
without ever experiencing muscle leg fatigue.
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์ˆ˜์ง ๋น™๋ฒฝ์„ ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
Through technological innovation,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
03:09
I returned to my sport, stronger and better.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์šด๋™ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
Technology had eliminated my disability,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ €์˜ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์—†์• ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ 
์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ง›๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
and allowed me a new climbing prowess.
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03:17
As a young man, I imagined a future world where technology so advanced
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์ Š์€์ด๋กœ์„œ ์ €๋Š”
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•ด์„œ
์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์—†์•จ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ฟˆ๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
could rid the world of disability,
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03:22
a world in which neural implants would allow
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์ด์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
03:24
the visually impaired to see.
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์‹œ๊ฐ ์žฅ์• ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
๋งˆ๋น„ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ ์‹ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
03:27
A world in which the paralyzed could walk, via body exoskeletons.
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๊ฑธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
Sadly, because of deficiencies in technology,
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์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ๋„, ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ
03:35
disability is rampant in the world.
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์žฅ์• ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ๋‚จ์ž ๋ถ„์€ ํŒ”๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์„ธ ๊ตฐ๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
This gentleman is missing three limbs.
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03:39
As a testimony to current technology, he is out of the wheelchair,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ฆ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
๊ทธ ๋ถ„์€ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด ๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ
03:43
but we need to do a better job in bionics, to allow, one day, full rehabilitation
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์ƒ์ฒดํ•™์ด ๋” ์ข‹์•„์ ธ์„œ
์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด ์ •๋„ ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ์ž…์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„
03:49
for a person with this level of injury.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
At the MIT Media Lab, we've established the Center for Extreme Bionics.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” MIT ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋žฉ์—
๊ทน๋‹จ์  ์ƒ์ฒด๊ณตํ•™ ์„ผํ„ฐ(Center for Extreme Bionics)๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
The mission of the center is to put forth fundamental science
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์ด ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š”
๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„
์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜์—ฌ
04:02
and technological capability
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04:03
that will allow the biomechatronic and regenerative repair of humans,
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๋‡Œ์™€ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ์• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋ฉ”์นดํŠธ๋กœ๋‹‰์Šค์™€
04:07
across a broad range of brain and body disabilities.
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์ธ์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์„ฑ ํšŒ๋ณต์„
๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
Today, I'm going to tell you how my legs function, how they work,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๋Š”์ง€,
์ž‘๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
as a case in point for this center.
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์ด ์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์‹ค๋ก€๋กœ์จ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Now, I made sure to shave my legs last night,
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์–ด์ œ ๋ฐค์— ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๋ฉด๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
because I knew I'd be showing them off.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:24
(Laughter)
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04:26
Bionics entails the engineering of extreme interfaces.
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์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์€ ์ฒจ๋‹จ์˜ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๊ณตํ•™์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
There's three extreme interfaces in my bionic limbs:
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์ œ ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์  ์˜์กฑ์—๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:32
mechanical, how my limbs are attached to my biological body;
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ œ ์˜์กฑ์ด
์ œ ๋ชธ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๊ณ ์š”.
04:36
dynamic, how they move like flesh and bone;
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์—ญํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜์กฑ์ด ์ง„์งœ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์ฃ .
04:39
and electrical, how they communicate with my nervous system.
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๋˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜์กฑ์ด
์ œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
I'll begin with mechanical interface.
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”.
04:45
In the area of design, we still do not understand
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๋””์ž์ธ์ด๋ž€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹ ์ฒด์— ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
how to attach devices to the body mechanically.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๊นŒ์ง€๋„
04:53
It's extraordinary to me that in this day and age,
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04:56
one of the most mature, oldest technologies
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ
04:58
in the human timeline, the shoe, still gives us blisters.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์‹ ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
๋ฌผ์ง‘์ด ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
How can this be?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:04
We have no idea how to attach things to our bodies.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง๋„ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์— ๋ถ™์ผ์ค„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
This is the beautifully lyrical design work
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ MIT ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋žฉ์˜ ๋„ค๋ฆฌ ์˜ฅ์Šค๋งŒ ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ  ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธ๋œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
05:11
of Professor Neri Oxman at the MIT Media Lab,
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05:13
showing spatially varying exoskeletal impedances,
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ ์ธ ์™ธ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋“ฏ์ด ์ƒ‰๊น”์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ
05:17
shown here by color variation in this 3D-printed model.
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3์ฐจ์› ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:21
Imagine a future where clothing is stiff and soft where you need it,
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ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€
๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:26
when you need it, for optimal support and flexibility,
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ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง€์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:29
without ever causing discomfort.
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๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
์ œ ์˜์กฑ์€ ์ œ ์‹ ์ฒด์—
05:32
My bionic limbs are attached to my biological body
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05:35
via synthetic skins with stiffness variations,
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์ธ์กฐ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ธ์กฐ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š”
05:39
that mirror my underlying tissue biomechanics.
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์ œ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ์กฐ์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
์กฐ์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
05:44
To achieve that mirroring, we first developed a mathematical model
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์„  ์ œ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ํŒ”๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
05:47
of my biological limb.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
To that end, we used imaging tools such as MRI,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” MRI ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜์ƒ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
05:52
to look inside my body,
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์ œ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ 
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์กฐ์ง ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์™€ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ
05:54
to figure out the geometries and locations of various tissues.
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์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
We also took robotic tools --
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ณดํŠธ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ์ฐจ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
here's a 14-actuator circle that goes around the biological limb.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 14๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋™๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋œ ์› ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์žฅ์น˜์ธ๋ฐ
์‹ ์ฒด ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์Œ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
The actuators come in, find the surface of the limb,
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๊ตฌ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์ฒด์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ์ฐพ์•„
06:07
measure its unloaded shape,
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์˜์กฑ์„ ์žฅ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
and then they push on the tissues
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ
06:11
to measure tissue compliances at each anatomical point.
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์  ์ง€์ ์—์„œ
์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
We combine these imaging and robotic data
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜์ƒ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋กœ๋ณดํŠธ ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
06:17
to build a mathematical description of my biological limb, shown on the left.
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์™ผ์ชฝ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ œ ํŒ”๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜
์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
You see a bunch of points, or nodes?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ ๊ณผ ์„ ์ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
06:23
At each node, there's a color that represents tissue compliance.
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๊ฐ ์„ ๋ถ„์—๋Š” ์ƒ‰๊น”์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
We then do a mathematical transformation to the design of the synthetic skin,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š”
06:30
shown on the right.
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์ธ์กฐ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋””์ž์ธ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ชธ์ด ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ธ์กฐ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:32
And we've discovered optimality is:
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๋ชธ์ด ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์ธ์กฐ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์‹œ์ ์„
06:34
where the body is stiff, the synthetic skin should be soft,
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06:37
where the body is soft, the synthetic skin is stiff,
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์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
and this mirroring occurs across all tissue compliances.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๋™์ด
์กฐ์ง ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์‹œ์ ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
With this framework, we've produced bionic limbs
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฒด์ œ ์•ˆ์—์„œ
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์  ์˜์กฑ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ๊ณ 
06:47
that are the most comfortable limbs I've ever worn.
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๊ทธ ์˜์กฑ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํŽธ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ
06:51
Clearly, in the future, our clothing, our shoes, our braces, our prostheses,
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์˜ท์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ ๋ฐœ, ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธฐ,
์ธ๊ณต ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋””์ž์ธ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:57
will no longer be designed and manufactured using artisan strategies,
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์ž๋™ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:00
but rather, data-driven quantitative frameworks.
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์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์  ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ
07:04
In that future, our shoes will no longer give us blisters.
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์‹ ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ง‘์€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ผ์„œ์™€ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
07:09
We're also embedding sensing and smart materials
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07:11
into the synthetic skins.
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์ธ์กฐ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์–ด ๋„ฃ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
This is a material developed by SRI International, California.
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์ด ์žฌ์งˆ์€
์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ SRI ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
์ •์ „๊ธฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตณ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
Under electrostatic effect, it changes stiffness.
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07:21
So under zero voltage, the material is compliant,
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0 ๋ณผํŠธ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์žฌ์งˆ์ด ์œ ์—ฐํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
it's floppy like paper.
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์ข…์ด๊ฐ™์ด ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
07:26
Then the button's pushed, a voltage is applied,
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๋‹จ์ถ”๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ „์••์ด ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ 
07:28
and it becomes stiff as a board.
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ํŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
(Tapping sounds)
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07:33
We embed this material into the synthetic skin
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ œ ์‹ ์ฒด์—
07:36
that attaches my bionic limb to my biological body.
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์˜์กฑ์„ ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ์ด ์žฌ์งˆ์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
When I walk here, it's no voltage.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
์ „์••์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
07:42
My interface is soft and compliant.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์€ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์œ ์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
The button's pushed, voltage is applied, and it stiffens,
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๋‹จ์ถ”๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ „์••์ด ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ 
๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•ด์ง€์ฃ .
07:47
offering me a greater maneuverability over the bionic limb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์˜์กฑ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
We're also building exoskeletons.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
์ด ์™ธ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์€
07:53
This exoskeleton becomes stiff and soft
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07:55
in just the right areas of the running cycle,
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๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก
์ž‘๋™๋ถ€์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ
07:58
to protect the biological joints from high impacts and degradation.
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๊ตณ์–ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
In the future, we'll all be wearing exoskeletons
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€
08:05
in common activities, such as running.
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์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์™ธ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
Next, dynamic interface.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์—ญํ•™์  ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
08:10
How do my bionic limbs move like flesh and bone?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ €์˜ ์˜์กฑ์ด ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ํŒ”๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์›€์ง์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
08:13
At my MIT lab, we study how humans with normal physiologies
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MIT์˜ ์ œ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ชธ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑท๊ณ , ๋›ฐ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
stand, walk and run.
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๊ทผ์œก์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ,
08:19
What are the muscles doing,
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08:20
and how are they controlled by the spinal cord?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒ™์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ทผ์œก์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ œ์–ด๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
08:23
This basic science motivates what we build.
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๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์  ๋ฐœ๋ชฉ, ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ, ์—‰๋ฉ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
We're building bionic ankles, knees and hips.
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08:28
We're building body parts from the ground up.
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๋ชธ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:31
The bionic limbs that I'm wearing are called BiOMs.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์  ์˜์ˆ˜์กฑ์€ BiOM ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
They've been fitted to nearly 1,000 patients,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ 1,000๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž์— ์ฐฉ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
๊ทธ ์ค‘์— 400๋ช…์€ ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ์ž…์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:39
400 of which have been wounded U.S. soldiers.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ œ์–ด๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋’ค๊ฟˆ์น˜์—์„œ
08:42
How does it work?
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08:43
At heel strike, under computer control,
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์ง€๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๋Š” ํŒ”๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„
08:45
the system controls stiffness,
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์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋„๋ก ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์ฃ .
08:47
to attenuate the shock of the limb hitting the ground.
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08:50
Then at mid-stance, the bionic limb outputs high torques and powers
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„์—์„œ ์ƒ์ฒด ์˜์กฑ์€
๊ฑธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
08:54
to lift the person into the walking stride,
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ํ† ํฌ์™€ ํž˜์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
comparable to how muscles work in the calf region.
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์ข…์•„๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ ํž˜์ค„์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
์ด ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์  ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์€ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ
09:01
This bionic propulsion is very important clinically to patients.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
So on the left, you see the bionic device worn by a lady,
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์™ผํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์  ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ™๋…€๊ฐ€
๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
09:07
on the right, a passive device worn by the same lady,
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ˆ™๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:10
that fails to emulate normal muscle function,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
09:13
enabling her to do something everyone should be able to do:
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์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์  ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
go up and down their steps at home.
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์ง‘์•ˆ์˜ ์ธต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
Bionics also allows for extraordinary athletic feats.
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์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์šด๋™ ์†œ์”จ๋„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ฃ .
์ด ๋‚จ์ž ๋ถ„์€ ๋กœํ‚ค์‚ฐ์˜ ๋“ฑ์‚ฐ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋›ฐ์–ด์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
Here's a gentleman running up a rocky pathway.
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09:27
This is Steve Martin -- not the comedian --
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์ด๋ถ„์€ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๋งˆํ‹ด์ธ๋ฐ, ์ฝ”๋ฏธ๋””์–ธ ๋ง๊ณ ์š”.
09:30
who lost his legs in a bomb blast in Afghanistan.
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์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์—์„œ ํญ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์œผ์…จ์–ด์š”.
09:34
We're also building exoskeletal structures using these same principles,
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์›๋ž˜ ํŒ”๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
์™ธ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
that wrap around the biological limb.
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์ด ๋‚จ์ž ๋ถ„์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:42
This gentleman does not have any leg condition, any disability.
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์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
09:47
He has a normal physiology,
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์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ
09:49
so these exoskeletons are applying muscle-like torques and powers,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์™ธ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
๊ทผ์œก์ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ† ํฌ์™€ ํž˜์„ ๋ƒ„์œผ๋กœ์จ
09:54
so that his own muscles need not apply those torques and powers.
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ทผ์œก์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„
ํž˜์„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ•ํ•œ
09:59
This is the first exoskeleton in history that actually augments human walking.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์™ธ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ ์žฅ์น˜์—์š”.
10:04
It significantly reduces metabolic cost.
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์„ฑ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
It's so profound in its augmentation,
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๊ทธ ์ฆ๊ฐ•๋ ฅ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•ด์„œ
๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
10:10
that when a normal, healthy person wears the device for 40 minutes
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์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ 40๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
10:13
and then takes it off,
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๋ฒ—์œผ๋ฉด
10:15
their own biological legs feel ridiculously heavy and awkward.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์›๋ž˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ฌด๊ฒ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์ถ”์žฅ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋œ
10:20
We're beginning the age in which machines attached to our bodies
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„
10:23
will make us stronger and faster and more efficient.
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๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ 
ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
Moving on to electrical interface:
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์ „๊ธฐ์  ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์ฃ .
10:29
How do my bionic limbs communicate with my nervous system?
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์ œ ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์  ์˜์กฑ์ด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
์†Œํ†ตํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
10:32
Across my residual limb are electrodes
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๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์ „์ฒด๋Š”
10:34
that measure the electrical pulse of my muscles.
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๊ทผ์œก์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
That's communicated to the bionic limb,
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์  ์˜์กฑ๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:39
so when I think about moving my phantom limb,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ด๋ ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด
๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์›€์ง์ž„์˜ ์š•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
the robot tracks those movement desires.
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์ด ๋„ํ‘œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
10:46
This diagram shows fundamentally how the bionic limb is controlled.
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์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์  ์˜์ˆ˜์กฑ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ œ์–ด๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
So we model the missing biological limb,
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์—†์–ด์ง„ ์›๋ž˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์กฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋ธํ™” ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€,
10:53
and we've discovered what reflexes occurred,
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10:55
how the reflexes of the spinal cord are controlling the muscles.
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์ฒ™์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ด
๊ทผ์œก์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์–ด
10:59
And that capability is embedded in the chips of the bionic limb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์  ์˜์ˆ˜์กฑ์˜
์นฉ ์•ˆ์— ๋‚ด์žฅ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
11:05
What we've done, then, is we modulate the sensitivity of the reflex,
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๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„์™€
11:08
the modeled spinal reflex, with the neural signal,
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๋ชจ๋ธํ™”ํ•œ ์ฒ™์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„
์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
so when I relax my muscles in my residual limb,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ์˜์กฑ ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ์‰ฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
11:15
I get very little torque and power,
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ํ† ํฌ๋‚˜ ํž˜์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
11:18
but the more I fire my muscles, the more torque I get,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ๋” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ† ํฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ปค์ง€๊ณ 
11:21
and I can even run.
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์ €๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋›ธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋›ฐ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„
11:24
And that was the first demonstration of a running gait under neural command.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
Feels great.
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์ฃ .
11:30
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
We want to go a step further.
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11:37
We want to actually close the loop
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์  ์˜์ˆ˜์กฑ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
11:40
between the human and the bionic external limb.
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๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—†์• ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
We're doing experiments
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ, ์ž˜๋ผ์ง„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„
11:45
where we're growing nerves, transected nerves,
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•ด
์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
through channels, or micro-channel arrays.
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11:50
On the other side of the channel,
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์ฑ„๋„์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ํŽธ์—๋Š”
11:51
the nerve then attaches to cells,
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ด ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์„ธํฌ์™€
11:54
skin cells and muscle cells.
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๊ทผ์œก ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
In the motor channels, we can sense how the person wishes to move.
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์ด๋™์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ฑ„๋„์—์„œ๋Š”
์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
That can be sent out wirelessly to the bionic limb,
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๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์  ์˜์กฑ์— ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋ฉด
12:04
then [sensory information] on the bionic limb
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ€
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ง€ ์ฑ„๋„์•ˆ์—์„œ
12:07
can be converted to stimulations in adjacent channels,
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์ž๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
sensory channels.
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12:11
So when this is fully developed and for human use,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด
์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉด
12:15
persons like myself will not only have
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์ € ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
12:18
synthetic limbs that move like flesh and bone,
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์ง„์งœ ํŒ”๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ์กฐ ํŒ”๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ง„์งœ ํŒ”๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ๋„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
but actually feel like flesh and bone.
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์€ ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ ๋ง๋ ›์ด
12:26
This video shows Lisa Mallette,
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12:28
shortly after being fitted with two bionic limbs.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์  ์˜์กฑ์„ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•œ ์งํ›„์— ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
Indeed, bionics is making a profound difference in people's lives.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์€
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
(Video) Lisa Mallette: Oh my God.
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(์˜์ƒ) ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ ๋ง๋ ›: ์„ธ์ƒ์—.
12:39
LM: Oh my God, I can't believe it!
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์ด๋Ÿฐ, ์„ธ์ƒ์—, ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด.
12:42
(Video) (Laughter)
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12:44
LM: It's just like I've got a real leg!
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์ง„์งœ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์•„.
๋›ฐ์ง€ ๋งˆ.
12:49
Woman: Now, don't start running.
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12:50
Man: Now turn around, and do the same thing walking up,
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๋‚จ์ž: ์ด์ œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
์œ„๋กœ ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ€๋ด.
12:53
but get on your heel to toe, like you would normally just walk on level ground.
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๊ฑธ์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐœ๋์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋”›์–ด๋ด.
ํ‰์ง€์—์„œ ๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์•ผ.
๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ด.
12:57
Try to walk right up the hill.
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13:01
LM: Oh my God.
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๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ ๋ง๋ ›: ์„ธ์ƒ์—.
๋‚จ์ž: ์œ„๋กœ ๋ฐ€์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ ค์ง€๋‚˜?
13:04
Man: Is it pushing you up?
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13:05
LM: Yes! I'm not even -- I can't even describe it.
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๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ ๋ง๋ ›: ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ! ๋‚œ ์ •๋ง -- ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์•ˆ๋ผ.
13:10
Man: It's pushing you right up.
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๋‚จ์ž: ์ •๋ง ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ.
13:12
Hugh Herr: Next week, I'm visiting the Center --
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ํœด ํ—ˆ: ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์ €๋Š” ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
Thank you. Thank you.
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜) ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
(Applause)
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13:19
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์ €๋Š”
13:21
Next week I'm visiting the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services,
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๋ฉ”๋””์ผ€์–ด, ๋ฉ”๋””์ผ€์ด๋“œ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ฝ”๋“œ์™€
13:25
and I'm going to try to convince CMS
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13:27
to grant appropriate code language and pricing,
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๋น„์šฉ์„ ํ• ๋‹น ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
13:30
so this technology can be made available to the patients that need it.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜) ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
Thank you.
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13:36
(Applause)
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13:39
It's not well appreciated, but over half of the world's population
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด
13:43
suffers from some form of cognitive, emotional, sensory or motor condition,
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์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋“  ์ธ์ง€์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
๊ฐ์ •์ , ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด๋™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
and because of poor technology, too often, conditions result in disability
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋กœ
๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์žฅ์• ์™€
๋นˆ์•ฝํ•œ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
and a poorer quality of life.
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์ƒ์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:55
Basic levels of physiological function should be a part of our human rights.
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์ธ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
14:00
Every person should have the right to live life without disability
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์žฅ์• ์—†๋Š”
์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
14:04
if they so choose --
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14:05
the right to live life without severe depression;
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์—†์ด ์‚ด ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ,
14:08
the right to see a loved one, in the case of seeing-impaired;
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ,
์‹œ๊ฐ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ ;
14:12
or the right to walk or to dance,
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ํ˜น์€ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
14:14
in the case of limb paralysis or limb amputation.
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์ ˆ๋‹จ์„ ๊ฒช์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑท๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถค์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์ด์ฃ .
14:17
As a society, we can achieve these human rights,
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์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š”
14:21
if we accept the proposition that humans are not disabled.
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์ „์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ๊ถŒ์€ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
A person can never be broken.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ขŒ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
Our built environment, our technologies,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
14:33
are broken and disabled.
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๋ถ€์„œ์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
14:35
We the people need not accept our limitations,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
but can transcend disability through technological innovation.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
Indeed, through fundamental advances in bionics in this century,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ธˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ์—
์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ•๋œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
14:46
we will set the technological foundation for an enhanced human experience,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
and we will end disability.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์ข…์‹์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
I'd like to finish up with one more story, a beautiful story.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•„์ฃผ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ด์•ผ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
The story of Adrianne Haslet-Davis.
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์•„๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ํ•ด์Šค๋ ›-๋ฐ์ด๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•„๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ์€ ๋ณด์Šคํ†ค ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์—์„œ
15:00
Adrianne lost her left leg in the Boston terrorist attack.
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์™ผ์ชฝ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
I met Adrianne when this photo was taken, at Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์„ ์ฆˆ์Œ์—
์Šคํด๋”ฉ ์žฌํ™œ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์•„๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
15:08
Adrianne is a dancer, a ballroom dancer.
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์•„๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ์€ ๋ฌด๋„ํšŒ ๋Œ„์„œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
Adrianne breathes and lives dance.
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์•„๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ์€ ์ถค์œผ๋กœ ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ฌ๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ 
ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ํ˜•ํƒœ์—์š”.
15:14
It is her expression. It is her art form.
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15:16
Naturally, when she lost her limb in the Boston terrorist attack,
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๋ณด์Šคํ†ค ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์—์„œ
๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์€ ํ›„์—
15:20
she wanted to return to the dance floor.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋ ˆ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
After meeting her and driving home in my car,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ์ œ ์ฐจ๋กœ ์ง‘์— ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ
์ €๋Š” ํ˜ผ์ž ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ . ๋‚˜๋Š” MIT์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹ค.
15:26
I thought, I'm an MIT professor. I have resources.
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์ž์›๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์กฑ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์–ด
15:29
Let's build her a bionic limb,
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15:31
to enable her to go back to her life of dance.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์‚ถ์ธ ์ถค์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ฃผ์ž๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
์ €๋Š” ์˜์กฑ๊ณผ ๋กœ๋ด‡๊ณตํ•™,
15:35
I brought in MIT scientists with expertise in prosthetics,
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•™์Šต, ์ƒ์ฒด๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ธ
15:38
robotics, machine learning and biomechanics,
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MIT์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋ฅผ ์ดˆ์ฒญํ•˜์—ฌ
15:41
and over a 200-day research period, we studied dance.
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200์ผ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ
์ถค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
We brought in dancers with biological limbs,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋Œ„์„œ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ์ฒญํ•˜์—ฌ
15:49
and we studied how they move,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š”์ง€
15:51
what forces they apply on the dance floor,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ํž˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ
15:55
and we took those data,
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๊ทธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค
15:56
and we put forth fundamental principles of dance,
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์ถค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์›๋ฆฌ์™€
16:00
reflexive dance capability,
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์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ์ถค์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
16:02
and we embedded that intelligence into the bionic limb.
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๊ทธ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์  ์˜์กฑ์—
๋‚ด์žฅ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
Bionics is not only about making people stronger and faster.
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์ƒ์ฒด ๊ณตํ•™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„
๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:09
Our expression, our humanity can be embedded into electromechanics.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ๋„
์ „์ž๊ธฐ๊ณ„์— ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ณด์Šคํ†ค ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜
16:15
It was 3.5 seconds between the bomb blasts in the Boston terrorist attack.
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ํญ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š”
3.5์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
16:21
In 3.5 seconds, the criminals and cowards took Adrianne off the dance floor.
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3.5์ดˆ ๋งŒ์— ๋น„์—ดํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž๋Š”
์•„๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ์„ ์ถค์˜ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
16:27
In 200 days, we put her back.
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200์ผ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฌด๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
We will not be intimidated, brought down, diminished, conquered or stopped
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํญ๋ ฅ์  ํ–‰๋™์— ๊ฒ๋‚ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
์ฃผ์ € ์•‰๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ •๋ณต๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
16:35
by acts of violence.
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๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€๋„ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:37
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์‹ ์‚ฌ ์ˆ™๋…€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„,
16:45
Ladies and gentlemen, please allow me to introduce Adrianne Haslet-Davis,
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์•„๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ํ•ด์Šค๋ ›-๋””์ด๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:49
her first performance since the attack.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์ดํ›„ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:52
She's dancing with Christian Lightner.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฐ์•ˆ ๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋„ˆ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ถค์ถ”๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:54
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
17:05
(Music: "Ring My Bell" performed by Enrique Iglesias)
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(์Œ์•…: ์—”๋ฆฌํฌ ์ด๊ทธ๋ ˆ์‹œ์•„์Šค ์—ฐ์ฃผ์˜ "๋ง ๋งˆ์ด ๋ฒจ(Ring mt bell")
17:51
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
18:22
Ladies and gentlemen, members of the research team:
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์‹ ์‚ฌ ์ˆ™๋…€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„,
์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํŒ€์›๋“ค์ธ
18:24
Elliott Rouse
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์—˜๋ฆฌ์—‡ ๋ผ์šฐ์ฆˆ, ๋„ค์ด์ฌ ๋นŒ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ ˆ์ด-์นด์Šคํ‚ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:26
and Nathan Villagaray-Carski.
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18:29
Elliott and Nathan.
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์—˜๋ฆฌ์—‡! ๋„ค์ด์ฌ!
18:32
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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