The dawn of the age of holograms | Alex Kipman

譯者: 易帆 余 審譯者: Zhuo Wang

Thousands of years from now,

幾千年後，

we'll look back at the first century of computing

人們將回顧電腦運算的第一個世紀，

as a fascinating but very peculiar time --

這是一個迷人但也非常特殊的時代，

the only time in history where humans were reduced to live in 2D space,

人類歷史上，唯一局限于 2D空間生活的時期，

interacting with technology as if we were machines;

人類與科技的互動， 彷彿我們才是機器一樣;

a singular, 100-year period in the vastness of time

浩瀚歷史中這一百年間，

where humans communicated,

人類的溝通、

were entertained and managed their lives

娛樂與生活

from behind a screen.

都在螢幕面前。

Today, we spend most of our time tapping and looking at screens.

如今，我們花大部分的 時間在滑手機和看螢幕。

What happened to interacting with each other?

那我們彼此的互動呢？

I don't know about you, but I feel limited

我不知道你們感受如何，

inside this 2D world of monitors and pixels.

但在2D螢幕與像素的世界， 我感覺非常受限。

And it is this very limitation

就是因為這種非常受限之感，

and my desire to connect with people

以及我對人類連結的渴望，

that inspires me as a creator.

激勵我成為一位創造者。

Put simply: I want to create a new reality,

簡單地說：我想創造一個新的實境，

a reality where technology brings us infinitely closer to each other,

一個讓科技帶給我們 更為親近的實境，

a reality where people, not devices,

一個以人為一切中心的實境， 而不是以設備為中心

are the center of everything.

I dream of a reality where technology senses what we see, touch and feel;

在我夢想的實境中：科技可以偵測到我們 所看到的、摸到的、感覺到的；

a reality where technology no longer gets in our way,

科技不再擋住我們去路， 而是擁抱我們。

but instead embraces who we are.

I dream of technology

我夢想一種更貼近人類的科技

on a human path.

We have all experienced technology

我們都體驗過

that enables people to act more like people,

可以讓人們使用起來 更具人性的科技，

products that enable natural interactions, voice controls or biometrics.

我們也使用過產品， 不僅具有自然的互動性、 還有聲音控制或生物辨識性。

This is the next step in the evolution.

這是下一代革命性產品。

This is Microsoft HoloLens,

這是微軟的全像眼鏡，

the first fully untethered holographic computer.

全球第一部完全無線的全像電腦。

Devices like this will bring 3D holographic content

像這樣的設備將引領我們

right into our world,

進入3D的全像世界。

enhancing the way we experience life

它可以增進我們體驗生活的方式，

beyond our ordinary range of perceptions.

會超出我們平常的感受範圍。

Now, I'm not thinking about a distant future.

我不是在思考 遙不可及的未來科技。

I'm talking about today.

我現在講的是現今的科技。

We are already seeing car companies like Volvo

我們已經看到 Volvo 汽車公司，

designing cars differently with HoloLens;

開始把全像鏡頭 設計在他們的車子上；

universities like Case Western redefining the way medical students learn;

凱斯西儲大學已經重新定義 他們醫學生的學習方式；

and my personal favorite,

以及我個人最愛的，

NASA is using HoloLens to let scientists explore planets

美國太空總署已開始使用全像眼鏡

讓科學家們可以全像式地探索星球。

holographically.

Now, this is important.

現在，這件事很重要。

By bringing holograms into our world,

將全像景帶到我們的世界裡。

I'm not just talking about a new device or a better computer.

我現在談的不只是一個 新設備或是更好的電腦。

I'm talking about freeing ourselves from the 2D confines

我現在談的是把我們自己

從傳統的2D電腦侷限中解放出來。

of traditional computing.

Put it this way:

這樣說好了：

temporally adjusted, we're like cave people in computer terms.

暫時扭轉一下視角，用電腦術語來說， 我們現在是山頂洞人。

We've barely discovered charcoal

我們好不容易找到木炭，

and started drawing the first stick figures in our cave.

並開始在我們的山洞裏 畫第一個圖案。

Now, this is the perspective I apply to my work every single day.

我就是以這樣的視角 投入到每日工作中的

And now for the next few minutes,

接下來幾分鐘，

I invite all of you to apply the same perspective

我邀請各位以同樣的視角

一起來體驗一場冒險之旅吧！

to the journey ahead of us.

Now, as I put this HoloLens on,

現在，我戴上這個全像眼鏡...

let me explain the setup a little bit.

讓我先稍微解釋一下設定原理。

It's probably the most risky demo we have ever done on any stage

這可能是我們最冒險的一次現場全像眼鏡演示

with HoloLens,

and I can't think of a better place to do it than here at TED.

我也想不出有哪一個地方 比TED這邊更適合的了。

Momentarily, I am going to be seeing holograms

稍後，在這講台上， 我就可以看到全像景。

right on this stage,

just as clearly as I can see all of you.

跟我能看到你們一樣地清楚。

Now at the same time, we have also this special camera

同一時間，我們有一台特殊的攝影機，

that just walked in onstage

會在講台旁移動，

so that all of you can share in this experience with me

讓各位可以從上面的螢幕

一起與我體驗相同的經歷。

up on all the monitors.

So let's start our journey.

讓我們開始我們的旅程吧！

And what better place to begin our journey,

哪一個地方會比

than in the computer cave of 2D.

2D的電腦山洞更適合開始我們的旅程？

Let's explore the world all around us with this new lens,

讓我們用這個新的透鏡 來探索周遭的世界，

and understand the computer world from a brand new perspective.

並從一個全新的角度來了解電腦的世界。

The computer universe is both marvelous and primitive.

電腦的世界神奇而原始。

It's a universe based on causality.

它是一個以因果關係為基礎的世界。

As developers, we dream the different causes

身為開發者，我們夢想不同的因，

and then we program the different effects.

然後程式設計出不同的果。

Double click on an icon, that's a cause.

雙擊圖示，這是因。

Open an application, that's an effect.

打開應用程式，這是果。

Now when we compare this to our physical universe,

當我們用這套框架來跟 現實世界比較時，

it is overly constraining,

它是相當受限的，

because our universe is not digital.

因為我們的世界不是數位的。

Our universe is analog.

我們的世界是類比的。

Our universe doesn't think in terms of zero or one,

我們的世界不會用0或1

true or false, or black or white.

對或錯、黑或白的字眼來想事情。

We exist in a world governed by quantum physics,

我們存在一個由量子物理所統治的世界，

a universe of zero and one both at the same time,

一個0與1同時存在的世界。

a reality based on infinite probabilities and shades of gray.

一個基於無限可能與 灰色地帶交織的現實世界。

You can see how these two worlds collide.

你可以看到這兩個世界是如何碰撞的。

So why are screens so pervasive in our analog life?

所以為什麼螢幕在我們的 類比生活中這麼普遍？

We see screens from the moment we wake up,

我們每天起床的那一刻就開始看螢幕，

to the moment we fall asleep.

直到我們睡著的那一刻。

Why?

為什麼會這樣？

I think it's because computers give us superpowers.

我想是因為電腦能給我們超能力。

Within the digital universe, we have the power to displace space

在數位世界裡， 我們有能力可以置換空間，

and the power to displace time.

有能力可以置換時間。

It doesn't matter if you're using technology for entertainment,

不管你是用科技在娛樂、

productivity or communication.

生產或溝通。

Think of it this way:

想像一下這種方式：

let's all go home tonight

今晚，我們全部人都回到家，

and watch our favorite show on television.

在電視上看我們最愛的節目。

This is theater -- time and space displaced.

這是劇院，時間與空間都置換了。

As soon as I'm done with this TED Talk,

就在我進行TED演講的同時，

I'm going to immediately call my lovely family in Seattle.

我要立刻打電話給我 在西雅圖的家人。

這是空間的置換。

That's displacement of space.

Now, these are such great superpowers

如此偉大的超能力，

that we put up with the two-dimensional limitations

我們卻讓它受限于 2D的數位世界裡

of our current digital world.

但，要是我們沒必要呢？

But what if we didn't have to?

What if we could have these same digital powers

要是我們把同樣的數位超能力

用在我們的現實世界裏，會如何呢？

in our world?

You can already see glimmers of this,

你已經可以看到這件事的曙光，

but I believe our children's children

但我相信我們孩子的孩子

will grow up in a world devoid of 2D technology.

將會生長在一個完全 沒有2D技術的世界裡。

It's remarkable to dream of this world,

夢想這樣的世界是非凡的，

a world where technology truly understands us --

一個科技真正懂我們的世界，

where we live, work and communicate --

伴隨我們居住、工作、溝通的

with tools that enhance the human experience,

是增進人類體驗的工具，

not machines that limit our humanity.

而不是限制我們人性的機械。

So how do we get there?

所以我們要如何做到呢？

For me, the answer required looking at the problem

對我而言，要從不同的角度

from a different perspective.

來看這個問題，才能得到答案。

It required sensing the world from the perspective of a machine.

它必須能從機械的視角來偵測這個世界。

If you're a machine trying to sense our world,

如果你是一個機器， 嘗試要偵測我們的世界，

how would you actually break the problem down?

你要如何確實地解決這個問題呢？

You'd probably try to classify things

你可能要嘗試會分辨事物，

as a human,

要會分辨人類，

an environment

要會分辨環境，

or an object.

或是一個物體。

But how would that machine then interact with reality?

但之後機器要如何與現實世界互動呢？

And I can think of three ways.

我認為有三種方式。

First, as a machine,

首先，做為一台機器，

I would observe or I would input reality.

我會觀察這個世界 或者説輸入訊息。

Speech recognition and biometric authentication

語音辨識及生物鑑定

are great examples of a machine interacting with humans

是通過輸入資料 從而實現人機互動的好方法

from an input perspective.

Secondly, as a machine,

其次，做為一台機器，

I could place digital information, or output information,

我可以把數位資訊置換成實境

或者說輸出資訊。

into reality.

Holograms are examples of a machine interacting with an environment

全像攝影即爲一種方式

通過輸出資訊 實現機器與環境互動。

from an output perspective.

Finally, as a machine,

最後，做為一台機器，

I could exchange energy with the world via haptics.

我可以透過觸覺 來跟這個世界交換能量。

Now, imagine being able to feel the temperature of a virtual object,

現在，想像你可以感覺到 虛擬物體的溫度，

or better yet, imagine pushing a hologram

或甚至，想像你在推一個全像影像，

and having it push you back with equal force.

它也會回推一樣的力道回來給你。

With this perspective,

有了這樣的視野，

we are able to collapse reality into a simple matrix.

我們就可以把複雜的實體 壓縮成為一個簡單的矩陣。

Now here's a secret:

這就是秘密：

as an engineer, I get really excited

身為一位工程師，我相當興奮

anytime I can reduce something to the matrix.

我可以在任何時候 把某樣東西簡化為矩陣。

From self-driving cars

從自動駕駛車

to smartphones

到智慧型手機

to this holographic computer on my head,

到我頭上這台全像電腦，

machines are becoming capable of understanding our world.

機器越來越具備 理解我們世界的能力

And they are starting to interact with us

然後它們開始用一種 特殊的個性化方式與我們互動。

in significantly more personal ways.

Now, imagine having granular control

現在想像一下，我們有世界上 每樣東西的顆粒狀控制器。

over everything in the world.

Move the dial one way,

這樣轉動它

and you get reality.

你會得到實境。

Move the dial the other way,

轉到另一個方向，

and you get virtual reality.

你會得到虛擬實境。

Now, imagine dialing your entire environment

現在，想像一下，在虛擬與 真實世界之間轉動你的整個環境。

between virtual and real worlds.

I love it down here.

我喜歡這樣的景色。

Now, imagine if I could look at all of you

現在，想像一下，如果我可以看到你們，

and dial from real humans into elves.

並可以把人類轉換成精靈。

When technology truly understands our world,

當科技真正了解我們的世界，

it will again transform the ways we interact,

它將會再次地轉變我們互動的方式，

the ways we work and the ways we play.

轉變我們工作、娛樂的方式。

Less than half a century ago,

差不多半世紀前，

two courageous men landed on the moon,

兩位英勇的男士登陸到月球，

using computers that were less powerful than the phones in your pockets.

使用的電腦能力比你現在 口袋裡的手機能力還要弱。

Six hundred million humans watched them

六億人口

在粗糙的黑白電視上在看著他們。

on grainy, black-and-white televisions.

And the world?

而全世界？

The world was mesmerized.

全世界相當的著迷。

Now imagine how our children and their children

現在想像一下，我們的孩子， 他們的孩子

will experience the continued exploration of space

將會用瞭解這世界的科技

with technology that understands this world.

來繼續體驗接下來的太空探險。

We already live in a world where real-time universal translators exist.

我們已經住在一個 即時傳送器存在的世界。

And I can squint, and I can already see holographic telepresence

我幾乎可以看到， 在不久的未來，

人們用全像遠程進行通訊。

in our near future.

In fact, since we've been lucky with our demo so far,

事實上，既然我們目前為止 展示的還算順利，

let's try doing something else even more crazy.

讓我們再嘗試做一些更瘋狂的事。

I invite you to experience,

我邀請各位體驗，

for the first time anywhere in the world,

走遍全世界看不到的，

here on the TED stage,

今天第一次在TED演講台上，

a real-life holographic teleportation,

向各位展示一個全像的 即時遠距離傳輸，

between me and my friend, Dr. Jeffrey Norris,

一位來自美國太空總署

from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

我的朋友Jeffrey Norris博士 和我之間的示範。

Finger crossed. Hi, Jeff.

十指交扣祈禱一下，嗨，Jeff。

Jeff Norris: Hey, Alex.

Jeff Norris：嗨，Alex。

Alex Kipman: Phew! That worked. How are you doing today, Jeff?

Alex Kipman：呼！成功了。 你今天好嗎？Jeff？

(Applause)

（掌聲）

JN: Doing great. I had an awesome week.

JN：我很好。我這禮拜過的超棒。

AK: So, can you tell us a little bit, Jeff, about where you are?

AK：好，Jeff，你可以透露一下 告訴大家，你現在在哪裡嗎？

JN: Well, I'm actually in three places.

JN：好，我實際上站在三個地方。

I'm standing in a room across the street,

我現在站在對街的一個房間裡，

while I'm standing on this stage with you,

同時我也跟你一起站在講台上，

while I'm standing on Mars, a hundred million miles away.

同時間，我也正站在 距離一億英哩遠的火星上。

AK: Wow, a hundred million miles away. This is crazy!

AK：哇！一億英哩，真瘋狂！

Can you tell us a little bit more about where all this data

你可以告訴我們一些有關

from Mars is coming from?

火星上傳輸過來的資訊嗎？

JN: Absolutely.

JN：沒問題！

This is a precise holographic replica of Mars,

這是一個精確的火星全像副本，

built from data captured by the Curiosity Mars Rover,

這些資料是由好奇號火星車 所擷取建立的，

that I can explore as easily as a place on Earth.

這讓我如同在地球上輕鬆地探索一樣。

Humans are natural explorers.

人類是天生的探險家。

We can instantly understand an environment,

我們可以藉由身歷其境，

just by being present in it.

快速地了解一個環境。

We've built tools like our Mars Rover

我們已經建立像是火星車的工具，

to extend our vision and lengthen our reach.

來拓展我們的視野及 延長我們能到達的地方。

But for decades,

但，已經有好幾十年，

we've explored from a seat behind screens and keyboards.

我們一直在螢幕和鍵盤前的座位上探索。

Now, we're leaping over all of that,

現在，我們跨過這些障礙，

over the giant antennas and the relay satellites

跨過巨型天線、中繼衛星，

and the vastness between worlds

和兩個星球之間遙遠的距離，

to take our first steps on this landscape as if we were truly there.

踏出我們在火星上的第一步， 就如同我們身歷其境一樣。

Today, a group of scientists on our mission

現今，我們任務中的科學家團隊

are seeing Mars as never before --

正以前所未有的方式探索火星--

an alien world made a little more familiar,

一個遙遠陌生的外星世界 變得稍稍熟悉，

because they're finally exploring it as humans should.

因為他們終于以人類的方式去探索它。

But our dreams don't have to end with making it just like being there.

但我們的夢想不止于此。

When we dial this real world to the virtual,

當我們把這個真實的世界 轉變成虛擬的，

we can do magical things.

我們可以做出神奇的事情。

We can see in invisible wavelengths

我們可以在看不見的 電磁波裡看到東西，

or teleport to the top of a mountain.

或瞬間移動到山頂。

Perhaps someday, we'll feel the minerals in a rock just by touching it.

也許有一天，我們將可以藉由觸碰 一顆石頭就感覺到它的礦物質成分。

We're taking the first steps.

我們踏出了第一步。

But we want the whole world to join us in taking the next,

但我們希望全世界 可以加入我們接手下一步，

because this is not a journey for a few,

因為這不是少數人的冒險旅程，

but for all of us.

而是我們大家的。

AK: Thank you Jeff, this was amazing.

AK：謝謝你，Jeff，太棒了。

Thank you so much for joining us on the TED stage today.

謝謝你今天可以站在 TED講台上和我們分享。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

JN: Thank you Alex, bye bye.

JN：謝謝你的參加， Alex，再見。

AK: Bye, Jeff.

AK：再見，Jeff。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

I dream about this future

我每天都在夢想這個未來。

every single day.

I take inspiration from our ancestors.

我的靈感來自我們的祖先。

We used to live in tribes where we interacted,

我們習慣住在我們互動、 溝通、一起工作的部落中。

communicated and worked together.

We are all beginning to build technology that will enable us to return

今日，我們正在建立的科技，

to the humanity that brought us where we are today --

可以帶領我們重返我們的人性。

technology that will let us stop living inside this 2D world

科技可以讓我們

不再限於住在2D的螢幕與畫素世界裡。

of monitors and pixels,

and let us start remembering what it feels like

而讓我們開始重新回憶

住在3D世界是怎樣的感覺。

to live in our 3D world.

It's a phenomenal time to be human.

這是一個歷史性的時刻，科技回歸人性。

Thank you.

謝謝各位！

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Helen Walters: Thanks so much. I have some questions.

Helen Walters：非常感謝， 我有一些問題。

AK: OK.

AK：好的。

HW: So there's been some talk in the press.

HW：媒體已經有一些討論。

And I'll just ask you straight, then we have a straight answer.

我們快問快答。

There's been talk about the difference between the demos

那就是對於臺上演示

和產品實際效果之間的差異

and the reality of the commercial product.

Talk about this field of view issue.

人們持不同看法。

Is this type of experience what someone who buys the product will get?

你這個產品買來就會有這種體驗嗎？

AK: It's a great question,

AK：這是個好問題。

Or, said better, this is a question we've been receiving

或者，更進一步說，這個問題

in the media for possibly the last year.

去年我們在媒體上就被問到過。

If you do your research, I haven't answered that question.

如果你有做研究，我沒有回答那個問題。

I've purposely ignored it,

我故意不回答，

because ultimately, it's the wrong question to ask.

因為最後會證明，它是一個錯的問題。

That's the equivalent of me showing holograms to someone for the first time,

這等同於我第一次展示 全像攝影給某人看一樣。

and you then saying, "What's the size of your television?"

然後，你接下問，"你電視的尺寸是多少？"

The field of view for the product is almost irrelevant.

這類問題與產品本身 幾乎是毫無關係的。

What we should be talking about is the density of lights,

我們應該要討論的是燈光的密度，

or radiance, that shows up.

或燈光的亮度。

Better said, what the angular resolution is of the things that you see.

進一步說明，你看到的東西的 角度分辨率是多少。

So from that perspective, what you saw --

所以，從你看到的觀點--

you know, the camera is wearing a HoloLens.

你知道，攝影機有帶著全視眼鏡。

So even if I wanted to cheat, I can't.

所以即使我想作弊，我都沒辦法。

HW: But the camera has a different lens on it than our eye. Right?

HW：但攝影機跟我們眼睛 有不一樣的鏡頭，對吧？

AK: The camera has a fish-eye lens on it.

AK：有一個魚眼鏡頭在攝影機上面。

It's seeing a much wider view than the human eye is.

它的視野比人類眼睛還要廣。

So if you think about the points of light that show up radially

所以，如果你在考慮攝影機 光點輻射出的範圍，

from the vision of the camera,

which is the thing that matters:

那才是重點：

how many points of light can I get in a given volume?

我在一定的體積內可以得到多少光點？

That's the same as I get on this HoloLens as I will on that one.

這跟我戴的全像眼鏡是一樣的。

Now, this camera sees a much wider view of the world, right?

現在，這個攝影機可以 看到更廣的世界，對吧？

HW: Jesus Christ!

HW：我的天啊！

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

AK: He did show up! I told you he'd show up.

AK：他會出現！ 我跟你說過他會出現吧！

Come this way.

過來這邊。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

HW: Oh, shit.

HW：喔！嚇死人了！

AK: And there's holographic Jeff Norris.

AK：這是 Jeff Norris 的全像景。

HW: I knew something was happening, but I really wasn't sure what.

HW：我知道有事發生， 但我不確定是甚麼。

AK: So in short: to be super crisp,

AK：簡而言之

the camera that you see on the screen has a wider field of view

你在螢幕上看到的攝影機的視野

than the human eye.

比人眼的視野還要廣。

But the angular resolution of the holograms that you see,

但你看到的全像景的角度解析度

the points of light per unit of area,

也就是每個單位面積的光點

are actually the same.

實際上都是一樣的。

HW: So you spent -- Jeff, I'll get to you in a minute --

HW：所以，你花了--Jeff，等我一下--

so you spent a lot of time mapping the stage --

你花了很多的時間在測繪講台--

AK: That's right.

AK：沒錯。

HW: So help me out here:

HW：幫我釐清一下：

if I buy a HoloLens and have it at home,

如果我買了這個產品回家，

I don't need to map my apartment, right?

我不需要測繪我的住家，對吧？

AK: The HoloLens maps in real time at about five frames per second,

AK：全像眼鏡的即時測繪能力 是每秒五個框架，

with this technology that we call spatial mapping.

我們稱這個技術叫"空間測繪"。

So in your home, as soon as you put it on,

所以，你回到家，戴上它後，

holograms will start showing up, and you'll start placing them

全像鏡頭就會跑出來， 你就可以開始設置它們，

and they'll start learning your home.

它們就會開始學習判讀你家。

In a stage environment where we're trying to get something on my head

我們嘗試把講台環境 輸進到我頭上的裝置，

to communicate with something over there

以便於跟那邊的東西做溝通，

with all of the wireless connectivity that usually brings all conferences down,

全部都是無線連結的方式， 這會拖慢會場議程的進行，

we don't take the risk of trying to do this live.

但我們不想在現場直播時出錯。

So what we do is pre-map the stage at five frames per second

所以，我們以每秒5格框架的速度， 把講台做了事先測繪的動作，

with the same spatial-mapping technology

也是跟你買回家裡的產品

that you'll use with the product at home,

使用同樣的測繪技術來進行的。

and then we store it,

然後我們把它儲存起來，

so that when there's shenanigans of wireless in an environment like this,

這樣一來，在這樣的環境下， 如果無綫連結信號出現小問題，

between the camera's HoloLens and the one on my head,

攝影機上的全像鏡頭跟我頭上這一台眼鏡，

we don't have things disappear.

之前測繪的數據不至於消失。

Because ultimately, the holograms are coming from this HoloLens,

因為最後，全像景都是從 這個全像眼鏡出來，

and that one is just viewing the HoloLens.

而攝影機只是看著全像眼鏡。

So if I lose connectivity,

所以，我如果中斷連結。

you would stop seeing beautiful things on the screen.

你就無法在螢幕上 看到這美麗的事物了。

HW: And it was beautiful.

HW：它真的很漂亮。

Um ... Jeff?

嗯....Jeff？

JN: Yes?

JN：我在啊？

HW: Hi.

HW：嗨！

AK: I'll take a step back.

AK：我退後一點。

HW: So Jeff, you were on Mars,

HW：所以，Jeff，你在火星上，

you were here, you were in a room across the street.

你也在這裡，你同時 也在對街的房間裡。

Tell me more about the fact that, with holograms, you have sight

告訴我更多有關於你 使用全像眼鏡的實情，

but you don't have touch, you don't have smell.

你看的到，但你摸不到，聞不到。

Is this scientifically useful now?

這項技術目前對於 科學研究來説有用嗎？

That's my question for a hologram.

這是我對全像景的問題。

JN: Thanks for the question.

JN：謝謝你的提問。

Absolutely, I believe that these technologies

絕對是的，我相信這些技術

are scientifically useful right now,

目前對科學研究很有用，

and that's why we're using them in multiple parts of our work at NASA.

這也是我們在美國太空總署的 多項工作中使用它的原因

So we're using it to improve the ways that we explore Mars.

所以，我們正利用它來改善 我們探索火星的方式。

We're also using it for our astronauts on the space station.

我們也有替太空站的 太空人使用它。

We're even using it now to design

我們甚至用它來設計

the next generation of our spacecraft.

我們下一代的太空船。

HW: Amazing. OK, Jeff, please go away. Thank you very much.

HW：好的，可以請你離開了， 非常謝謝你。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Alex, really, that was amazing. Thank you so much.

Alex，真的， 太神奇了，非常謝謝你。

AK: Thank you.

AK：謝謝你。

HW: Thank you. Thank you.

HW:：謝謝你。謝謝你。

(Applause)

（掌聲）