Wiring a web for global good | Gordon Brown

翻译人员: Zachary Lin Zhao 校对人员: Tony Yet

Can I say how delighted I am to be away

能暂时逃离英国国会与政府大楼的平淡无奇

from the calm of Westminster and Whitehall? (Laughter)

我的喜悦之情真的是难以言表。

This is Kim, a nine-year-old Vietnam girl,

这是金菊，一名九岁的越南女孩。

her back ruined by napalm,

她那被汽油弹烧毁的后背

and she awakened the conscience of the nation of America

唤醒了美国人民的良知，

to begin to end the Vietnam War.

越战也因此而迈向终结。

This is Birhan, who was the Ethiopian girl

这是比尔汗，在80年代发起了

who launched Live Aid in the 1980s,

“Live Aid”的埃塞俄比亚女童。

15 minutes away from death when she was rescued,

在她获救的时候，死亡距离她只有15分钟，

and that picture of her being rescued is one that went round the world.

而她得救的照片也因此被传遍全球。

This is Tiananmen Square.

这是天安门广场。

A man before a tank became a picture

坦克前的男人成了一幅照片，

that became a symbol for the whole world of resistance.

一个全世界反抗的象征。

This next is the Sudanese girl,

接下来的这位是个苏丹女童，

a few moments from death,

死神与她近在咫尺，

a vulture hovering in the background,

秃鹫在不远处徘徊。

a picture that went round the world

一张传遍世界的照片

and shocked people into action on poverty.

震惊了人类，共同加入抗击贫困的实际行动中。

This is Neda, the Iranian girl

这是妮达，几个星期前

who was shot while at a demonstration with her father in Iran

在与她父亲示威时，不幸被射杀的伊朗女孩。

only a few weeks ago, and she is now the focus, rightly so,

而她成为当下YouTube一代的焦点人物

of the YouTube generation.

也是不无理由。

And what do all these pictures and events have in common?

这些照片与事件的共同之处在哪里呢？

What they have in common is what we see unlocks

它们的共同之处就在于我们所看到

what we cannot see.

开启了我们所看不到的。

What we see unlocks the invisible ties

我们所看到的开启了人与人之间无形的纽带，

and bonds of sympathy that bring us together

我们的怜悯之心将我们聚集到一起，

to become a human community.

组成一个人类大家庭。

What these pictures demonstrate is that

这些照片证实了

we do feel the pain of others,

无论距离的远近

however distantly.

我们都可以感受到他人的痛楚。

What I think these pictures demonstrate

这些照片证实了

is that we do believe in something bigger than ourselves.

我们确实坚信比我们自身价值更崇高的事业。

What these pictures demonstrate is

这些照片证实了

that there is a moral sense across all religions, across all faiths,

我们拥有着一个跨越宗教，跨越信仰，

across all continents -- a moral sense that

跨越洲际的道德观——

not only do we share the pain of others,

不仅仅让我们感受他人的痛楚

and believe in something bigger than ourselves

追求崇高的事业，

but we have a duty to act when we see things

更让我们意识到我们有义务行动起来，

that are wrong that need righted,

去纠正过错、

see injuries that need to be corrected,

化解伤痛、

see problems that need to be rectified.

解决问题。

There is a story about Olof Palme, the Swedish Prime Minister,

话说80年代的时候，瑞典前首相奥洛夫·帕尔梅

going to see Ronald Reagan in America in the 1980s.

曾想去美国拜访罗纳德·里根。

Before he arrived Ronald Reagan said --

虽然说他当时是瑞典的社会民主党首相，

and he was the Swedish Social Democratic Prime Minister --

不过在他到访之前，里根还是问道：

"Isn’t this man a communist?"

“这个人是共产主义者吗？”

The reply was, "No, Mr President, he’s an anti-communist."

旁边的人回答道：“不，总统先生，他是一名反共产主义者。”

And Ronald Reagan said, "I don’t care what kind of communist he is!"

结果里根说道：“我不管他是哪种共产主义者！”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Ronald Reagan asked Olof Palme,

里根曾经问过帕尔梅，

the Social Democratic Prime Minister of Sweden,

当时瑞典的社会民主党首相

"Well, what do you believe in? Do you want to abolish the rich?"

“你的信条是什么？你打算铲除富人吗？”

He said, "No, I want to abolish the poor."

帕尔梅回答道：“不，我想铲除穷人。”

Our responsibility is to let everyone have the chance

我们的职责是让每个人

to realize their potential to the full.

都有实现自身潜能的机会。

I believe there is a moral sense and a global ethic

我坚信有一种世界共通的道德伦理观，

that commands attention from people of every religion

值得引起人类的高度重视，

and every faith, and people of no faith.

不管是何种宗教，不管是有无信仰。

But I think what's new is that we now have the capacity

但我觉得与以往不同的是

to communicate instantaneously across frontiers

我们现在拥有了跨越边界

right across the world.

与世界交流的能力。

We now have the capacity to find common ground

我们现在拥有了

with people who we will never meet,

通过互联网和各种现代通信手段

but who we will meet through the Internet and through

来结识无法在现实生活中见面的

all the modern means of communication;

志同道合的人士。

that we now have the capacity to organize

我们现在拥有了

and take collective action together

集体组织、联合行动

to deal with the problem or an injustice

共同解决问题、

that we want to deal with;

处理不公正行为的能力。

and I believe that this makes this a unique age in human history,

正因为如此，我坚信我们正处在一个

and it is the start of what I would call

独特的历史时刻，

the creation of a truly global society.

开创着一个真正全球化的社会。

Go back 200 years when the slave trade was

200年前，贩奴贸易面临着

under pressure from William Wilberforce and all the protesters.

来自威廉·威伯福斯和反对者的压力。

They protested across Britain.

各种反抗运动席卷英国。

They won public opinion over a long period of time.

在很长的一段时间里，这些反对者都拥有着民众的支持，

But it took 24 years for the campaign to be successful.

但整场运动却是花费了24年的时间才取得最终的胜利。

What could they have done with the pictures that they could have shown

设想一下，如果当初他们拥有现代的通讯技术

if they were able to use the modern means of communication

来传播照片、赢取民心，

to win people’s hearts and minds?

他们又将取得怎样的成就呢？

Or if you take Eglantyne Jebb,

再来看看埃格兰泰恩·杰布女士，

the woman who created Save the Children 90 years ago.

90年前她创建了救助儿童会。

She was so appalled by what was happening in Austria

一战后的奥地利

as a result of the First World War and what was happening to children

和战败家庭中儿童的悲惨经历

who were part of the defeated families of Austria,

深深地惊骇了她，

that in Britain she wanted to take action,

让她决定在英国行动起来。

but she had to go house to house,

但她不得不挨家挨户散发传单，

leaflet to leaflet, to get people to attend a rally

促使群众参加

in the Royal Albert Hall

在皇家艾伯特大厅举行的集会，

that eventually gave birth to Save the Children,

救助儿童会也因此而诞生，

an international organization that is now fully recognized

并成为我们国家，乃至整个世界

as one of the great institutions in our land and in the world.

最伟大的国际组织之一。

But what more could she have done

但设想一下，

if she’d had the modern means of communications available to her

如果她当初拥有现代的通讯技术，

to create a sense that the injustice that people saw

让人们意识到他们所目睹的不公行径急需解决的话，

had to be acted upon immediately?

她所能做的恐怕不仅仅是这些吧？

Now look at what’s happened in the last 10 years.

让我们再来看看过去十年所发生的事情。

In Philippines in 2001, President Estrada --

2001年的菲律宾，总统埃斯特拉达——

a million people texted each other about the corruption of that regime,

当时的百万民众互传简讯，告发当下政体的腐败罪行，

eventually brought it down and it was, of course, called the "coup de text." (Laughter)

促使其引咎辞职，引发了所谓的“短信政变”。

Then you have in Zimbabwe the first election under Robert Mugabe a year ago.

还有一年前的津巴布韦，在总统罗伯特·穆加贝统治下的首次大选。

Because people were able to take mobile phone photographs

正是因为人们可以利用手机拍照，

of what was happening at the polling stations, it was impossible

来记录在投票站所发生的一切，

for that Premier to fix that election in the way that he wanted to do.

才使得穆加贝无法按计划地对选举结果进行暗箱操作。

Or take Burma and the monks that were blogging out,

还有缅甸和那些通过博客与外界交流的僧侣们。

a country that nobody knew anything about that was happening, until these blogs

人们之前对这个国家一无所知，

told the world that there was a repression,

直到这些博客揭露了发生在那里的镇压，

meaning that lives were being lost

遇难的生命，

and people were being persecuted and Aung San Suu Kyi,

遭迫害的群众，

who is one of the great prisoners of conscience of the world,

才使得昂山素季，全世界最伟大的政治囚犯之一，

had to be listened to.

终于有了倾诉的权利。

Then take Iran itself, and what people are doing today:

再来看看伊朗，

following what happened to Neda,

还有人们在妮达遇难后所做的一切。

people who are preventing the security services of Iran finding those people

国家安全保卫部门的人士发现

who are blogging out of Iran, any by everybody who is blogging,

那些通过博客与外界交流的伊朗人

changing their address to Tehran, Iran,

把他们的地址通通改成了伊朗德黑兰，

and making it difficult for the security services.

让安全部的官员难以追查。

Take, therefore, what modern technology is capable of:

这些都体现了现代科技的本领所在——

the power of our moral sense allied to the power of communications

我们的道德力量与通讯技能相结合，

and our ability to organize internationally.

再加上在国际范围内组织活动的能力。

That, in my view, gives us the first opportunity as a community

这一切，在我看来，给了我们第一次以一个共同体的身份

to fundamentally change the world.

从根本上改变我们这个世界的机会。

Foreign policy can never be the same again. It cannot be run by elites;

外交政策将彻底改变，无法由掌权人士一手管控，

it’s got to be run by listening to the public opinions of peoples who are blogging,

而应是遵循那些博客们，

who are communicating with each other around the world.

那些在世界范围内与彼此交流的人所代表的民意。

200 years ago the problem we had to solve was slavery.

200年前，我们需要解决的问题是奴隶制度。

150 years ago I suppose the main problem in a country like ours

150年前，我猜想像我们这样的国家所面临的主要问题

was how young people, children, had the right to education.

是年轻人、孩子们的受教育权利。

100 years ago in most countries in Europe, the pressure was for the right to vote.

100年前在欧洲的大多数国家，投票选举权面临着巨大压力。

50 years ago the pressure was for the right to social security and welfare.

50年前这股压力则是转向了社会保障福利权。

In the last 50-60 years we have seen fascism, anti-Semitism, racism, apartheid,

在过往的五六十年里，我们目睹了法西斯主义、反犹太主义、种族歧视、种族隔离

discrimination on the basis of sex and gender and sexuality;

以及种种对性别和性取向的歧视。

all these have come under pressure

这一切都面临着强大的社会压力，

because of the campaigns that have been run by people to change the world.

正是由于人们所发起的各种运动，以求改变世界。

I was with Nelson Mandela a year ago, when he was in London.

一年前我在伦敦会见了纳尔逊·曼德拉，

I was at a concert that he was attending to mark his birthday

我们当时正出席一个庆祝曼德拉生日

and for the creation of new resources for his foundation.

和他的基金会求得新资源的演唱会。

I was sitting next to Nelson Mandela -- I was very privileged to do so --

我当时就坐在曼德拉的身边——我对此感到非常荣幸。

when Amy Winehouse came onto the stage. (Laughter)

当看到艾米·怀恩豪斯登上舞台的时候，

And Nelson Mandela was quite surprised at the appearance of the singer

曼德拉显得有点吃惊，

and I was explaining to him at the time who she was.

我只好向他解释艾米·怀恩豪斯是何许人物。

Amy Winehouse said, "Nelson Mandela and I have a lot in common.

艾米·怀恩豪斯在舞台上说道：“曼德拉和我有很多共同之处。

My husband too has spent a long time in prison."

我老公也曾在监狱里蹲了很长一段时间。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Nelson Mandela then went down to the stage

随后曼德拉走向舞台，

and he summarized the challenge for us all.

概述了我们所面临的挑战。

He said in his lifetime he had climbed a great mountain, the mountain

他说，在他的有生之年里，他攀越了一座无比陡峻的高山，

of challenging and then defeating racial oppression and defeating apartheid.

一座迎战并且击败种族压迫、隔离的大山。

He said that there was a greater challenge ahead,

他认为前方还有着更艰巨的挑战等待着我们，

the challenge of poverty, of climate change -- global challenges

贫困的挑战，气候的挑战，种种全球性的挑战

that needed global solutions

急需着全球性的解决方案，

and needed the creation of a truly global society.

急需着一个真正的全球性的社会。

We are the first generation which is in a position to do this.

而我们这一代是有实力做到这一切的第一代。

Combine the power of a global ethic

将一个全球性的道德理念

with the power of our ability to communicate

与我们的传播能力相结合，

and organize globally, with the challenges that we now face,

再在国际的范围内组织起来，

most of which are global in their nature.

共同来面对这些全球性的挑战。

Climate change cannot be solved in one country,

气候变化无法由一个国家来解决，

but has got to be solved by the world working together.

而是需要全世界同心协力彼此合作。

A financial crisis, just as we have seen, could not be solved

金融危机，就如我们目睹的一样，

by America alone or Europe alone;

无法单单依靠美国或是欧洲来得以解决，

it needed the world to work together.

而是需要世界范围内的合作。

Take the problems of security and terrorism and, equally,

或者是来看看国家安全与恐怖主义的问题，

the problem of human rights and development:

抑或是同等重要的人权与发展的问题，

they cannot be solved by Africa alone;

这些问题都无法由非洲独立解决，

they cannot be solved by America or Europe alone.

也不能单独依靠美国或是欧洲。

We cannot solve these problems unless we work together.

除非我们合作起来，这些问题是没有办法解决的。

So the great project of our generation, it seems to me,

所以在我看来，我们这一代最重要的工程

is to build for the first time, out of a global ethic

就是有史以来第一次通过全球性的道德观、

and our global ability to communicate

全球性的沟通和组织能力，

and organize together, a truly global society,

来建立起一个全球性的社会，

built on that ethic but with institutions

以此道德规范为基础，但同时依赖于

that can serve that global society and make for a different future.

为全球性社会服务的种种机构，来开创一个不一样的未来。

We have now, and are the first generation with, the power to do this.

我们是有能力做到这一切的第一代。

Take climate change. Is it not absolutely scandalous

就拿气候变化来说吧，

that we have a situation

我们知道我们正面临着这样的一个局势，

where we know that there is a climate change problem,

我们知道我们存在着气候变化的问题，

where we know also that that will mean we have to give more resources

我们也知道我们若是真想创建一个全球性的“碳市场”，

to the poorest countries to deal with that,

我们就需要捐赠给贫穷国家更多的资源，

when we want to create a global carbon market,

帮助他们来处理这一问题，

but there is no global institution

但尽管如此，我们仍然没有一个

that people have been able to agree upon

人们可以信赖认可的全球机构来解决这个问题，

to deal with this problem?

这不是相当滑稽可耻的事情吗？

One of the things that has got to come out of Copenhagen in the next few months

几个月后将在哥本哈根举行的气候会议

is an agreement that there will be

所必须达成的协议之一

a global environmental institution

就是建立一个全球性的环境机构，

that is able to deal

并且有能力

with the problems of persuading the whole of the world

来敦促整个世界为了气候变化的进程

to move along a climate-change agenda.

而共同行动起来。

(Applause)

（掌声）

One of the reasons why an institution is not in itself enough

但仅仅建立这样的一个机构是不够的，

is that we have got to persuade people around the world

原因之一就在于我们还需要说服世界各地的人们

to change their behavior as well,

改变他们的日常行为，

so you need that global ethic of fairness and responsibility

这就需要公平、负责的全球道德观

across the generations.

得以代代相传。

Take the financial crisis.

再来看看当下的金融危机。

If people in poorer countries can be hit by a crisis that starts in New York

如果一个从纽约开始、从美国次代市场开始的危机

or starts in the sub-prime market of the United States of America.

可以影响到贫穷国家的人们的话，

If people can find that that sub-prime product

如果次代产品可以经过多次转手

has been transferred across nations

跨越国界，

many, many times until it ends up in banks in Iceland

最终流通到冰岛的银行

or the rest in Britain,

或是英国其他地区，

and people's ordinary savings are affected by it,

并且影响到普通民众的存款储蓄的话，

then you cannot rely on a system of national supervision.

那么一个国家性的监管机构就是不值得信赖的。

You need in the long run for stability, for economic growth,

长期的稳定、经济的增长、

for jobs, as well as for financial stability,

就业的保障以及金融的稳定

global economic institutions that make sure

都需要全球性的经济体制

that growth to be sustained has to be shared,

来确保稳定的发展得以共享，

and are built on the principle

并且是建立在“世界的繁荣是不可划分”

that the prosperity of this world is indivisible.

的原则之上。

So another challenge for our generation is to create global institutions

所以说，面临我们这一代的另一个挑战，就是建立起

that reflect our ideas of fairness and responsibility,

全球性的机构，来反映我们公正、负责的观念，

not the ideas that were the basis

而不是过往几年金融发展最后阶段

of the last stage of financial development over these recent years.

不牢靠的地基。

Then take development and take the partnership we need between our countries

再来看看发展，还有我们和世界其他地区，

and the rest of the world, the poorest part of the world.

尤其是那些贫困地区所需要建立的伙伴关系。

We do not have the basis of a proper partnership for the future,

我们暂时还没有一个可以在未来建立起一个合适的伙伴关系的基础，

and yet, out of people’s desire for a global ethic

但只要人们渴求一个全球性的道德观、

and a global society that can be done.

渴求一个全球性的社会，一切还是可以办到的。

I have just been talking to the President of Sierra Leone.

我刚刚在和塞拉利昂的总统交谈。

This is a country of six and a half million people,

那是一个拥有650万人口的国家，

but it has only 80 doctors; it has 200 nurses;

但却只有80个医生，200个护士，

it has 120 midwives.

120个助产士。

You cannot begin to build a healthcare system for six million people

如此短缺的资源是根本无法建立起一个

with such limited resources.

可以服务600万人民的医疗体系的。

Or take the girl I met when I was in Tanzania,

再来看看我在坦桑尼亚遇到的

a girl called Miriam.

一个叫米丽亚姆的女孩。

She was 11 years old; her parents had both died from AIDS,

她当时11岁，她的母亲和父亲

her mother and then her father.

一前一后都死于艾滋病。

She was an AIDS orphan being handed

她是一名艾滋孤儿，寄人篱下，

across different extended families to be cared for.

从一个亲戚家传到另一个亲戚家。

She herself was suffering from HIV;

她自己本身也是名艾滋病病毒感染者。

she was suffering from tuberculosis.

她同时还患有肺结核。

I met her in a field, she was ragged, she had no shoes.

我是在一个田地里遇到的她。她当是赤着脚，而且衣衫褴褛。

When you looked in her eyes, any girl at the age of eleven

一般的11岁女孩眼中都充满了对未来的向往，

is looking forward to the future,

但是当你注视她的双眼时，

but there was an unreachable sadness in that girl’s eyes

你看到的却是难以触摸到的悲伤。

and if I could have translated that to the rest of the world for that moment,

如果我能把当时的感受传递到世界其他的角落，

I believe that all the work that it had done for the global HIV/AIDS fund

我相信那股悲伤将会打动很多人

would be rewarded by people being prepared to make donations.

来为全球的艾滋基金捐款捐力。

We must then build a proper relationship between the richest and

因此，我们必须在富裕国家和贫困国家之间

the poorest countries

建立起一个恰达的关系，

based on our desire that they are able to fend for themselves

建立在我们的渴望之上，那就是，这些贫困国家

with the investment that is necessary in their agriculture,

可以充分利用他们农业上所需的投资来做到自给自足。

so that Africa is not a net importer of food, but an exporter of food.

这样一来，非洲将不在是一个食物进口者，而是一个食物出口者。

Take the problems of human rights and

再来看看人权问题

the problems of security in so many countries around the world.

还有世界众多国家所面临的安全问题。

Burma is in chains, Zimbabwe is a human tragedy,

缅甸正被锁链捆绑，津巴布韦是个人间悲剧，

in Sudan thousands of people have died unnecessarily

在苏丹，成千上万的人正在本可避免的战争中

for wars that we could prevent.

无辜地死去。

In the Rwanda Children's Museum,

在卢旺达的儿童博物馆里

there is a photograph of a 10-year-old boy

有一张一名十岁男童的照片。

and the Children's Museum is commemorating the lives that were lost

这个儿童博物馆现在正在纪念那些

in the Rwandan genocide where a million people died.

在卢旺达种族屠杀中所死去的上百万人的生命。

There is a photograph of a boy called David.

照片中的小男孩叫做大卫。

Beside that photograph there is the information about his life.

而照片旁边则是大卫的生平简介。

It said "David, age 10."

上面写到：“大卫，十岁。

David: ambition to be a doctor.

梦想：成为一名医生。

Favorite sport: football. What did he enjoy most?

最爱的运动：足球。

Making people laugh.

最喜欢做的事：引人发笑。

How did he die?

死亡原因：

Tortured to death.

折磨致死。

Last words said to his mother who was also tortured to death:

对他同样被折磨致死的母亲所说的最后一句话：

"Don't worry. The United Nations are coming."

别担心，联合国的人就要来了。”

And we never did.

可是我们没有。

And that young boy believed our promises

那个小男孩坚信我们的承诺，

that we would help people in difficulty in Rwanda,

相信我们会帮助那些在卢旺达的受难人民，

and we never did.

但我们却没有。

So we have got to create in this world also

因此我们必须在这个世界建立起

institutions for peacekeeping and humanitarian aid,

用以维和以及人道救援的机构，

but also for reconstruction and security

还有帮助那些危难中的国家

for some of the conflict-ridden states of the world.

重建和安全的机构。

So my argument today is basically this.

所以我今天所要讲的基本上可以总结为如下的几点。

We have the means by which we could create a truly global society.

我们有能力、有办法来创造一个真正的全球化的社会。

The institutions of this global society can be created by our endeavors.

而这个全球化社会的种种机构则需要我们的努力来建立。

That global ethic can infuse the fairness and responsibility that is necessary

全球性的道德观可以为这些机构注入公正、负责的理念，

for these institutions to work,

使其起到应有的作用，

but we should not lose the chance in this generation,

但同时我们也不应错失我们这一代的机会，

in this decade in particular, with President Obama in America,

尤其是当下的十年里，协同美国的奥巴马总统，

with other people working with us around the world,

还有来自全球与我们同心协力的人民，

to create global institutions for the environment,

来创建保卫环境、

and for finance,

金融、

and for security and for development,

安全与发展的全球机构。

that make sense of our responsibility to other peoples,

这些机构理应明白我们对他人的责任感，

our desire to bind the world together, and

我们想把这个世界联系起来的渴望感，

our need to tackle problems that everybody knows exist.

还有我们想要解决已知问题的需求感。

It is said that in Ancient Rome that when Cicero spoke to his audiences,

据说在古罗马，当西塞罗演讲的时候，

people used to turn to each other and say about Cicero, "Great speech."

人们会转向彼此，谈论西塞罗，“讲得真好。”

But it is said that in Ancient Greece

但是在古希腊，

when Demosthenes spoke to his audiences,

当狄摩西尼演讲的时候，

people turned to each other and didn’t say "Great speech."

人们也会转向彼此，但他们不会说：“讲得真好。”

They said, "Let's march."

他们会说，“让我们行动起来吧。”

We should be marching towards a global society.

我们应该为了全球化社会的目标而行动起来。

Thank you.

谢谢大家。

(Applause)

（掌声）