Wiring a web for global good | Gordon Brown

譯者: Peggy Ling 審譯者: Zachary Lin Zhao

Can I say how delighted I am to be away

我想說能夠遠離

from the calm of Westminster and Whitehall? (Laughter)

西敏寺和白樓的平靜是多麼的高興！

This is Kim, a nine-year-old Vietnam girl,

這是金福，一個九歲的越南女孩，

her back ruined by napalm,

她的背部被凝固汽油彈燒傷，

and she awakened the conscience of the nation of America

她喚醒了美國政府的良知

to begin to end the Vietnam War.

去開始結束越南戰爭。

This is Birhan, who was the Ethiopian girl

這是碧嫺，是一個埃賽俄比亞女孩。

who launched Live Aid in the 1980s,

她於二十世紀八十年代發動「拯救生命」。

15 minutes away from death when she was rescued,

她於死亡邊緣前十五分鐘被拯救，

and that picture of her being rescued is one that went round the world.

而那張她正被拯救的照片就是一張傳遍全球的照片。

This is Tiananmen Square.

這是天安門廣場。

A man before a tank became a picture

一個人站在坦克前成為了一張照片

that became a symbol for the whole world of resistance.

更成了一個世界上代表抗爭的標誌。

This next is the Sudanese girl,

下一個是蘇丹女孩，

a few moments from death,

於死亡前的片刻，

a vulture hovering in the background,

一隻禿鷹在背景徘徊，

a picture that went round the world

一張傳遍世界的照片

and shocked people into action on poverty.

令人震驚得對貧窮作出行動。

This is Neda, the Iranian girl

這是娜達，一個伊朗女孩

who was shot while at a demonstration with her father in Iran

於數星期前與父親一同參與在伊朗的示威

only a few weeks ago, and she is now the focus, rightly so,

而中途被射殺。現時她正成了

of the YouTube generation.

YouTube世代的焦點。

And what do all these pictures and events have in common?

那所有這些圖片和事件有甚麼共同之處？

What they have in common is what we see unlocks

他們有的共同之處是我們看見

what we cannot see.

看不到的被解鎖。

What we see unlocks the invisible ties

我們看見被解鎖的：那無形的

and bonds of sympathy that bring us together

同感的連繫和聯結帶領我們一起

to become a human community.

成為一個人性的社羣。

What these pictures demonstrate is that

這些圖片展示出

we do feel the pain of others,

我們實在感受到其他人的痛苦，

however distantly.

無論他們離我們有多遠。

What I think these pictures demonstrate

這些圖片展示出

is that we do believe in something bigger than ourselves.

我們相信一些事情比我們自己更重要。

What these pictures demonstrate is

這些圖片展示出

that there is a moral sense across all religions, across all faiths,

一個横跨所有宗教、所有信念、

across all continents -- a moral sense that

所有大陸的道德感的存在　﹣一個這樣的道德感

not only do we share the pain of others,

我們不僅分享其他人的痛苦，

and believe in something bigger than ourselves

和相信一些事情比自己更重要，

but we have a duty to act when we see things

還有我們有一個看見不公平

that are wrong that need righted,

有義務作出行動糾正的責任，

see injuries that need to be corrected,

看見需要醫治的傷害，

see problems that need to be rectified.

看見需要矯正的問題。

There is a story about Olof Palme, the Swedish Prime Minister,

有關於瑞典首相奧洛夫．帕爾梅的一則故事。

going to see Ronald Reagan in America in the 1980s.

在二十世紀八十年代他前往美國與朗奴・列根見面。

Before he arrived Ronald Reagan said --

在他抵達之前，朗奴・列根說　﹣

and he was the Swedish Social Democratic Prime Minister --

當奧洛夫．帕爾梅還是一個瑞典社會民主工人黨首相﹣

"Isn’t this man a communist?"

「他不是一個共產主義者嗎？」

The reply was, "No, Mr President, he’s an anti-communist."

回覆是： 「不是，總統先生，他是反共產主義者。」

And Ronald Reagan said, "I don’t care what kind of communist he is!"

跟著朗奴・列根說：「我不關心他是那一種共產主義者!」

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

Ronald Reagan asked Olof Palme,

朗奴・列根問奧洛夫．帕爾梅　﹣

the Social Democratic Prime Minister of Sweden,

瑞典社會民主工人黨首相：

"Well, what do you believe in? Do you want to abolish the rich?"

「那你相信甚麼？ 你要廢除富有？」

He said, "No, I want to abolish the poor."

他說：「不，我要廢除貧窮。」

Our responsibility is to let everyone have the chance

我們的責任是讓每一個人都有機會

to realize their potential to the full.

充分發揮他們的潛力。

I believe there is a moral sense and a global ethic

我相信有一個道德感和環球性的倫理

that commands attention from people of every religion

可以召喚每一個宗教和

and every faith, and people of no faith.

每一種信念　﹣以至沒有信念的人　﹣的注意。

But I think what's new is that we now have the capacity

但我認為最新的是我們現在有能力

to communicate instantaneously across frontiers

於瞬間跨越邊境

right across the world.

横跨世界去溝通。

We now have the capacity to find common ground

我們現在有能力

with people who we will never meet,

與我們從不會遇見的人

but who we will meet through the Internet and through

透過互聯網或所有現代溝通工具

all the modern means of communication;

找尋共同的立場，

that we now have the capacity to organize

那我們現在有能力去組織

and take collective action together

及採取集體行動

to deal with the problem or an injustice

去應付我們想要處理的

that we want to deal with;

問題或不平等待遇，

and I believe that this makes this a unique age in human history,

和我相信這造成現時就是人類歷史上一個獨特的時代，

and it is the start of what I would call

併且它會是我所稱的

the creation of a truly global society.

一個創造真實的全球性社會的開始。

Go back 200 years when the slave trade was

二百年前當販賣奴隸

under pressure from William Wilberforce and all the protesters.

受到威廉．威伯福斯和所有抗議者的壓力時，

They protested across Britain.

他們於英國各地抗議。

They won public opinion over a long period of time.

他們有一段長時間赢取了民意。

But it took 24 years for the campaign to be successful.

但是這個運動用了廿四年才能成功。

What could they have done with the pictures that they could have shown

若他們能利用現代溝通媒體

if they were able to use the modern means of communication

去把他們的相片公開去赢取人心及理智，

to win people’s hearts and minds?

他們的成就可會更大。

Or if you take Eglantyne Jebb,

或者以埃格蘭泰恩.  杰布為例，

the woman who created Save the Children 90 years ago.

一位於九十年前創造救助兒童會的婦女。

She was so appalled by what was happening in Austria

她對第一次世界大戰後

as a result of the First World War and what was happening to children

對於奥地利發生的事

who were part of the defeated families of Austria,

及奧地利破碎家庭孩子的遭遇感到驚駭，

that in Britain she wanted to take action,

她要在英國採取行動，

but she had to go house to house,

但她必須挨家挨户，

leaflet to leaflet, to get people to attend a rally

一張傳單接一張傳單，呼籲民眾出席

in the Royal Albert Hall

在皇家愛爾伯特音樂廳的一次集會

that eventually gave birth to Save the Children,

而結果誕生了救助兒童會，

an international organization that is now fully recognized

一個國際組織受到各方認可為

as one of the great institutions in our land and in the world.

其中一個在我們的土地和世界上最了不起的機關。

But what more could she have done

若她能利用現有的現代溝通媒體

if she’d had the modern means of communications available to her

去給予人們一個看到不公平

to create a sense that the injustice that people saw

則需要立即行動的觸感，

had to be acted upon immediately?

她可做到的或會更多！

Now look at what’s happened in the last 10 years.

現在看看最近十年所發生的事。

In Philippines in 2001, President Estrada --

2001年在菲律賓，總統埃斯特拉達 ﹣

a million people texted each other about the corruption of that regime,

百萬人民互相發出關於政權腐敗的流動電話短訊，

eventually brought it down and it was, of course, called the "coup de text." (Laughter)

最終把政權拉倒，而這次　﹣當然　﹣被稱為「短訊之沮擊」。

Then you have in Zimbabwe the first election under Robert Mugabe a year ago.

跟著一年前在津巴布韋羅伯特‧穆加貝政權下的第一次競選。

Because people were able to take mobile phone photographs

由於人們能利用無線電話拍攝

of what was happening at the polling stations, it was impossible

投票站情況的照片，令到那個總理

for that Premier to fix that election in the way that he wanted to do.

不能做到他想作出的選舉舞弊。

Or take Burma and the monks that were blogging out,

又或以緬甸及僧侶寫博客日誌為例，

a country that nobody knew anything about that was happening, until these blogs

無人會知曉一個國家發生甚麼事直至這些博客

told the world that there was a repression,

告知全世界那裏受到震壓，

meaning that lives were being lost

意味生命在消失，

and people were being persecuted and Aung San Suu Kyi,

併且人們在受迫害，及昂山素姬　﹣

who is one of the great prisoners of conscience of the world,

世界上其中一個了不起的正義囚犯　﹣

had to be listened to.

需要受到注意。

Then take Iran itself, and what people are doing today:

然後到伊朗，及今天人民所做的，

following what happened to Neda,

娜達事件以後，

people who are preventing the security services of Iran finding those people

人民防止伊朗國家安全部尋找

who are blogging out of Iran, any by everybody who is blogging,

那些由伊朗寫博客的人，

changing their address to Tehran, Iran,

把地址改成伊朗德黑蘭，

and making it difficult for the security services.

令到國家安全部遇上困難。

Take, therefore, what modern technology is capable of:

因此，利用現代科技擁有的能力：

the power of our moral sense allied to the power of communications

我們道德感的力量與通訊能力結盟

and our ability to organize internationally.

和我們國際性的組織能力，

That, in my view, gives us the first opportunity as a community

那，以我認為，提供我們第一個機會作為共同社區

to fundamentally change the world.

去根本地改造這個世界。

Foreign policy can never be the same again. It cannot be run by elites;

對外政策不可再跟以往一樣。它不可單由中堅份子執行;

it’s got to be run by listening to the public opinions of peoples who are blogging,

必須聽取那些於世界上互相聯系

who are communicating with each other around the world.

寫博客的人的公開意見。

200 years ago the problem we had to solve was slavery.

二百年前我們必須解決的問題是奴隸制。♪

150 years ago I suppose the main problem in a country like ours

一百五十年前我認為在我們國家的主要問題

was how young people, children, had the right to education.

是如何給予年青人及孩子接受教育的權利；

100 years ago in most countries in Europe, the pressure was for the right to vote.

一百年前在多數歐洲國家，壓力是投票的權利；

50 years ago the pressure was for the right to social security and welfare.

五十年前壓力是得到社會保險和福利的權利。

In the last 50-60 years we have seen fascism, anti-Semitism, racism, apartheid,

在近五十至六十年我們見證法西斯主義、反猶太主義、種族主義、種族隔離、

discrimination on the basis of sex and gender and sexuality;

性別及性取向的歧視;

all these have come under pressure

所有這些受到壓力

because of the campaigns that have been run by people to change the world.

都是因人民運動要改造世界。

I was with Nelson Mandela a year ago, when he was in London.

一年前我與納爾遜·曼德拉一起在倫敦。

I was at a concert that he was attending to mark his birthday

當時我正參加一個他出席為他興祝生晨

and for the creation of new resources for his foundation.

及他設立的機金找到新資源的音樂會。

I was sitting next to Nelson Mandela -- I was very privileged to do so --

我坐在納爾遜·曼德拉的旁邊 -- 我是非常榮幸 --

when Amy Winehouse came onto the stage. (Laughter)

當艾米·懷恩豪斯來到台上，

And Nelson Mandela was quite surprised at the appearance of the singer

納爾遜·曼德拉對這位歌手的外表表示驚奇，

and I was explaining to him at the time who she was.

我便在解釋給他聽艾米是誰。

Amy Winehouse said, "Nelson Mandela and I have a lot in common.

艾米·懷恩豪斯說：「納爾遜·曼德拉跟我有很多共同點。

My husband too has spent a long time in prison."

我的丈夫也在監獄花了很長時間。」

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

Nelson Mandela then went down to the stage

納爾遜·曼德拉便走到台上

and he summarized the challenge for us all.

替我們總結了面對的挑戰。

He said in his lifetime he had climbed a great mountain, the mountain

他說在他一生裏他攀登了一座高山，一座

of challenging and then defeating racial oppression and defeating apartheid.

挑戰然後擊敗種族壓迫和種族隔離的高山。

He said that there was a greater challenge ahead,

他說前面還有一個更巨大的挑戰，

the challenge of poverty, of climate change -- global challenges

貧窮的挑戰，氣候變化，一個環球性的挑戰

that needed global solutions

需要全球性解決方案

and needed the creation of a truly global society.

和建立一個真實的全球性社會。

We are the first generation which is in a position to do this.

我們正是要做此的第一代，

Combine the power of a global ethic

去結合全球性倫理的力量

with the power of our ability to communicate

和面對挑戰中

and organize globally, with the challenges that we now face,

全球性溝通和組織的能力。

most of which are global in their nature.

而這些挑戰大多屬全球性。

Climate change cannot be solved in one country,

氣候變化不能在單一國家解決

but has got to be solved by the world working together.

而是必須由世界合作共同解決。

A financial crisis, just as we have seen, could not be solved

一次金融危機，由我們所見，不可能

by America alone or Europe alone;

單由美國或單由歐洲去解決;

it needed the world to work together.

它需要這個世界合作共同解決。

Take the problems of security and terrorism and, equally,

以國家安全和恐怖主義問題為例又或　﹣同等地　﹣

the problem of human rights and development:

人權和發展的問題：

they cannot be solved by Africa alone;

他們不能單由非洲去解決;

they cannot be solved by America or Europe alone.

他們不能單由美國或單由歐洲去解決。

We cannot solve these problems unless we work together.

除非我們共同合作，否則我們不能解決這些問題。

So the great project of our generation, it seems to me,

因此我們的這一代的重大項目　﹣以我認為　﹣

is to build for the first time, out of a global ethic

是第一次去利用全球性倫理

and our global ability to communicate

和我們全球性溝通及組織的能力

and organize together, a truly global society,

建立一個真實的全球性社會，

built on that ethic but with institutions

建立在道德之上而以體系去服務

that can serve that global society and make for a different future.

那個全球性社會和創造一個不一樣的未來。

We have now, and are the first generation with, the power to do this.

我們現在　﹣身為第一代　﹣有能力去做到。

Take climate change. Is it not absolutely scandalous

以氣候變化為例。 我們現處於

that we have a situation

一個情況

where we know that there is a climate change problem,

我們知道有一個氣候變化的問題，

where we know also that that will mean we have to give more resources

我們也知道那意味我們必須給予更多資源

to the poorest countries to deal with that,

到窮困國家處理那個問題，

when we want to create a global carbon market,

當我們要建立一個全球性碳排放市場時，

but there is no global institution

但若沒有一個人們可共同同意

that people have been able to agree upon

如何去處理這個問題的全球性體系，

to deal with this problem?

這是否實屬可恥呢？

One of the things that has got to come out of Copenhagen in the next few months

在以後的數個月裏其中一件須於哥本哈根達到的事

is an agreement that there will be

就是一份同意成立

a global environmental institution

一個有能力的全球環璄體系

that is able to deal

去處理

with the problems of persuading the whole of the world

游說全世界執行

to move along a climate-change agenda.

一個氣候變化議情的同意書。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

One of the reasons why an institution is not in itself enough

其中一個認為一個體系不足的原因

is that we have got to persuade people around the world

是我們需要游說全世界的人們

to change their behavior as well,

去改變他們的行為，

so you need that global ethic of fairness and responsibility

因此你需要那個横跨世代的環球性

across the generations.

公正倫理和責任。

Take the financial crisis.

以這次金融危機為例。

If people in poorer countries can be hit by a crisis that starts in New York

如果窮困國家的人民能受到紐約引發的金融危機

or starts in the sub-prime market of the United States of America.

或由美國引發的次級按揭市場危機所打擊；

If people can find that that sub-prime product

如果人們能夠發現次級按揭產品

has been transferred across nations

在不同國家被調動了

many, many times until it ends up in banks in Iceland

無數次直至到達位於冰島

or the rest in Britain,

或英國的銀行，

and people's ordinary savings are affected by it,

另一般市民的存款會受它的影響，

then you cannot rely on a system of national supervision.

那你便不能依靠一個國家的監察系統。

You need in the long run for stability, for economic growth,

長遠來說你需要穏定，為經濟增長、

for jobs, as well as for financial stability,

為就業、以及為財政穏定，

global economic institutions that make sure

環球經濟體系去確定

that growth to be sustained has to be shared,

有承受力的增長是要共同分享，

and are built on the principle

同時是建立於一個

that the prosperity of this world is indivisible.

世界繁榮是一個不可分割的原則。

So another challenge for our generation is to create global institutions

那麼我們這一代另一個挑戰就是建立一個環球體系

that reflect our ideas of fairness and responsibility,

去表達我們對公正的意念和責任，

not the ideas that were the basis

而並非近年財政發展後期

of the last stage of financial development over these recent years.

所建基之意念。

Then take development and take the partnership we need between our countries

然後拿這個發展以及我們所需與我們國家

and the rest of the world, the poorest part of the world.

與其他各國之間的合作　﹣世界最窮困的一角。

We do not have the basis of a proper partnership for the future,

我們於將來而言沒有一個正確合作夥伴的根基，

and yet, out of people’s desire for a global ethic

但是出於人對一個全球性倫理

and a global society that can be done.

和一個全球性社會的欲望那卻是可以做到。

I have just been talking to the President of Sierra Leone.

我剛與塞拉利昂總統談話。

This is a country of six and a half million people,

這是一個有六百五十萬人的國家，

but it has only 80 doctors; it has 200 nurses;

但只有八十位醫生，二百名護士，

it has 120 midwives.

一百二十位助產士。

You cannot begin to build a healthcare system for six million people

你不能夠用這麼有限的資源去建立一個

with such limited resources.

提供六百萬人的醫療體系。

Or take the girl I met when I was in Tanzania,

又或者用我於坦桑尼亞遇到的一個女孩為例。

a girl called Miriam.

她名叫米瑞音。

She was 11 years old; her parents had both died from AIDS,

她當時是十一歲，她的父母都因愛滋病而逝世，

her mother and then her father.

先是她的母親然後是她的父親。

She was an AIDS orphan being handed

她是一個被送到不同親友照顧的

across different extended families to be cared for.

愛滋病孤兒。

She herself was suffering from HIV;

她自己是一個人類免疫缺陷病患者，

she was suffering from tuberculosis.

她也是一個肺結核病患者。

I met her in a field, she was ragged, she had no shoes.

我在一個田野見到她，衣衫襤褸，沒有鞋子。

When you looked in her eyes, any girl at the age of eleven

當你望著她的眼睛，任何一個十一歲的女孩

is looking forward to the future,

都是盼望將來，

but there was an unreachable sadness in that girl’s eyes

但是在那個女孩眼中有著不可接觸的悲傷，

and if I could have translated that to the rest of the world for that moment,

若我能於那個片刻為其他世界把這個翻譯，

I believe that all the work that it had done for the global HIV/AIDS fund

我相信全球性人類免疫缺陷／愛滋病基金所做的一切

would be rewarded by people being prepared to make donations.

將受到準備捐助的人所奬勵。

We must then build a proper relationship between the richest and

我們因此必須於最富強及最貧困的國家之間

the poorest countries

建立一個正確的關係，

based on our desire that they are able to fend for themselves

基於我們的渴求他們能夠利用在

with the investment that is necessary in their agriculture,

他們農業所需的投資而照顧自己，

so that Africa is not a net importer of food, but an exporter of food.

令到非洲不再是一個純食物進口商，也是個食物出口商。

Take the problems of human rights and

又以在全世界許多國家的

the problems of security in so many countries around the world.

人權問題和國家安全問題為例。

Burma is in chains, Zimbabwe is a human tragedy,

緬甸在被囚禁，津巴布韋是一個人類悲劇，

in Sudan thousands of people have died unnecessarily

在蘇丹有上千群眾在我們可防止的戰爭中

for wars that we could prevent.

徒然地死去。

In the Rwanda Children's Museum,

在盧旺達兒童博物館，

there is a photograph of a 10-year-old boy

有一張十歲男孩的照片。

and the Children's Museum is commemorating the lives that were lost

兒童博物館正在悼念

in the Rwandan genocide where a million people died.

在盧旺達大屠殺中喪失的百萬人的生命。

There is a photograph of a boy called David.

有一幅名叫大衛的男孩的照片。

Beside that photograph there is the information about his life.

在那張照片旁邊有關於他生平的資料。

It said "David, age 10."

它寫：「大衛，十歲。」

David: ambition to be a doctor.

大衛：志向是當醫生。

Favorite sport: football. What did he enjoy most?

最喜愛的運動：足球。 他最響往的是甚麼？

Making people laugh.

使人歡笑。

How did he die?

他怎樣死去？

Tortured to death.

被拷打致死。

Last words said to his mother who was also tortured to death:

她對同是被拷打致死的母親最後說的話是：

"Don't worry. The United Nations are coming."

「不要擔心。 聯合國正趕來。」

And we never did.

但我們並沒有做到。

And that young boy believed our promises

那個年輕男孩相信我們的誠諾

that we would help people in difficulty in Rwanda,

我們會幫助於盧旺達有困難的人，

and we never did.

但我們並沒有做到。

So we have got to create in this world also

因此我們亦必須在這個世界建立

institutions for peacekeeping and humanitarian aid,

維持和平和人道援助的體系，

but also for reconstruction and security

為世界上一些冲突充斥的政體

for some of the conflict-ridden states of the world.

作重建和保安。

So my argument today is basically this.

因此我今天的論說在此。

We have the means by which we could create a truly global society.

我們有能力去創造一個真實的全球性社會。

The institutions of this global society can be created by our endeavors.

這個全球性社會的體系可由我們的努力創造出來。

That global ethic can infuse the fairness and responsibility that is necessary

那全球性倫理能為那些體系注入

for these institutions to work,

運作所需的公平性和責任，

but we should not lose the chance in this generation,

但在這一代我們決不可失去機會　﹣

in this decade in particular, with President Obama in America,

尤其是在這個十年　﹣與在美國的奧巴馬總統、

with other people working with us around the world,

與在世界和我們一起合作的人，

to create global institutions for the environment,

去為環境創造環球體系，

and for finance,

為經濟、

and for security and for development,

為國家安全和為發展，

that make sense of our responsibility to other peoples,

去向其他人表達我們責任的意義，

our desire to bind the world together, and

我們的去聯結世界的意欲，

our need to tackle problems that everybody knows exist.

和我們去應付每個人都知道存在的問題的需要。

It is said that in Ancient Rome that when Cicero spoke to his audiences,

據說在古時羅馬當基凱羅向他的羣眾演說，

people used to turn to each other and say about Cicero, "Great speech."

人們常互相談論基凱羅：「很偉大的演講。」

But it is said that in Ancient Greece

但據說在古希臘

when Demosthenes spoke to his audiences,

當狄摩西尼向他的羣眾演說，

people turned to each other and didn’t say "Great speech."

人們互相談論並沒有說「很偉大的演講。」

They said, "Let's march."

他們說： 「我們遊行吧。」

We should be marching towards a global society.

我們應該向著一個全球性社會前進。

Thank you.

多謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）