请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。
00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni
Reviewer: Morton Bast
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翻译人员: Zheqing Fang
校对人员: Ricki Xie
00:16
Having spent 18 years as a child of the state
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我是一个孤儿,由国家抚育成人
00:20
in children's homes and foster care,
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在18岁之前都生活在“儿童之家”或者“寄养家庭”,
00:22
you could say that I'm an expert on the subject,
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所以对于今天的话题,你可能会称我为专家,
00:25
and in being an expert, I want to let you know that
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不过作为专业人士,我希望你能理解
00:29
being an expert does in no way make you right
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即使是专家也不一定能告知你
00:34
in light of the truth.
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什么是真理。
00:37
If you're in care, legally the government is your
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如果你是被收养的孩子,法律上来说
00:42
parent, loco parentis.
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政府就是你的父母。
00:45
Margaret Thatcher was my mother. (Laughter)
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撒切尔夫人就是我的母亲。(笑声)
00:49
Let's not talk about breastfeeding. (Laughter)
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不要在意母乳喂养。(笑声)
00:53
Harry Potter was a foster child.
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哈利·波特就是一个被收养的孩子。
00:56
Pip from "Great Expectations" was adopted;
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《远大前程》里的皮普是个孤儿;
01:01
Superman was a foster child;
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超人也没有双亲;
01:04
Cinderella was a foster child;
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灰姑娘受尽继母的虐待;
01:08
Lisbeth Salander, the girl with the dragon tattoo,
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丽丝贝·莎兰德,龙纹身的女孩,
01:11
was fostered and institutionalized;
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也是被收养和训练的;
01:14
Batman was orphaned;
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蝙蝠侠是孤儿;
01:19
Lyra Belacqua from Philip Pullman's "Northern Lights"
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菲利普·普尔曼所著《北极之光》中的贝拉奎亚
01:22
was fostered;
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是被收养的;
01:24
Jane Eyre, adopted;
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简·爱,孤儿;
01:27
Roald Dahl's James from "James and the Giant Peach;"
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罗尔德·达尔所著《怪桃历险记》里的詹姆斯
01:31
Matilda; Moses -- Moses! (Laughter)
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玛蒂尔达;摩西——摩西!(笑声)
01:37
Moses! (Laughter) --
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先知摩西!(笑声)
01:39
the boys in Michael Morpurgo's "Friend or Foe;"
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迈克尔·莫波格所著《朋友或敌人》中的孩子们
01:44
Alem in Benjamin Zephaniah's "Refugee Boy;"
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本杰明·泽范尼所著《逃难的男孩》中的阿雷姆;
01:48
Luke Skywalker --
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天行者卢克——
01:50
Luke Skywalker! (Laughter) --
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天行者卢克!(笑声)
01:53
Oliver Twist;
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《雾都孤儿》;
01:55
Cassia in "The Concubine of Shanghai" by Hong Ying;
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虹影所著《上海王》中的小月桂;
02:00
Celie in Alice Walker's "The Color Purple."
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艾丽斯·沃克所著《紫色姐妹花》中的西丽;
02:03
All of these great fictional characters, all of them
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所有这些著名小说中的人物,他们的共性
02:07
who were hurt by their condition,
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都是生来因成长环境所伤害,
02:11
all of them who spawned thousands of other books
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他们催生出数以千计的著作
02:16
and other films, all of them
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以及影视作品,无一例外
02:19
were fostered, adopted or orphaned.
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都是被收养,收容或者流浪的。
02:23
It seems that writers know that the child
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似乎作家们很清楚,正是这样的孩子
02:28
outside of family reflects on what family truly is
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才能够反映出“家”的真谛
02:35
more than what it promotes itself to be.
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这早已超出它本身所能提供的温暖。
02:39
That is, they also use extraordinary skills
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又因他们运用超凡的写作技巧
02:44
to deal with extraordinary situations on a daily basis.
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来处理日常生活中与众不同的情景。
02:49
How have we not made the connection?
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我们如何于孤儿建立起关系?
02:52
And why have we not made the connection, between
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我们又为何不尝试着去与他们交往
02:56
— How has that happened? —
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要怎样去做?
02:59
between these incredible characters of popular culture
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与这些与众不同的个体,
03:02
and religions, and the fostered, adopted or orphaned child
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在我们身边的这些被收养或流浪荡孤儿
03:07
in our midst? It's not our pity that they need.
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他们需要的不是我们的同情,
03:12
It's our respect.
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而是我们的尊重。
03:14
I know famous musicians,
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我认识著名的音乐家,
03:17
I know actors and film stars and millionaires and novelists
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我认识演员和影星,百万富翁和作家
03:22
and top lawyers and television executives
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高级律师和电视高管
03:26
and magazine editors and national journalists
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杂志编辑和国家记者
03:28
and dustbinmen and hairdressers, all who were
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环卫工和理发匠,他们都曾是
03:31
looked after children, fostered, adopted or orphaned,
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被看护的小孩,领养的,收容的或者从小流浪,
03:35
and many of them grow into their adult lives
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他们中的绝大部分成年以后
03:37
in fear of speaking of their background, as if it may
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都害怕谈论到这些背景,因为这样做可能会
03:41
somehow weaken their standing in the foreground,
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或多或少会黯淡他们的表面光鲜,
03:46
as if it were somehow Kryptonite, as if it were a time bomb
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好似一片逆鳞,又仿佛是一颗定时炸弹
03:50
strapped on the inside. Children in care,
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埋在内心深处。那些生来得到呵护的孩子,
03:54
who've had a life in care, deserve the right
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注定有权享受被关爱的人生,
03:57
to own and live the memory of their own childhood.
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活在他们自己的童年回忆中。
04:03
It is that simple.
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它就是这么简单。
04:05
My own mother — and I should say this here —
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我的生母——在这里不得不这么说
04:09
she same to this country in the late '60s,
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她于60年代后期来到了这个国家
04:13
and she was, you know, she found herself pregnant,
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然后,你们都能理解,她发现自己怀孕了,
04:17
as women did in the late '60s. You know what I mean?
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如同60年代女性那样,你们应该知道我指的是什么?
04:19
They found themselves pregnant.
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她们都发现自己怀孕了。
04:21
And she sort of, she had no idea of the context
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她是那种,浑然不觉,
04:25
in which she'd landed.
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对自己所来到的国家毫无概念。
04:30
In the 1960s -- I should give you some context -- in the 1960s,
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在60年代,我应该给你们一些那个时期的背景描述,
04:33
if you were pregnant and you were single,
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如果你怀孕却仍然单身,
04:37
you were seen as a threat to the community.
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你将被视为对社区的威胁。
04:40
You were separated from your family by the state.
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你会被国家赶出你的家庭。
04:46
You were separated from your family and placed into
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你会离开自己的家然后被安置在
04:48
mother and baby homes.
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母婴看护所。
04:50
You were appointed a social worker.
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你会被指派给一位社工。
04:53
The adoptive parents were lined up.
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他负责牵线那些正排队等待的领养者。
04:56
It was the primary purpose of the social worker, the aim,
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这一社工的基本目的和目标,
05:00
to get the woman at her most vulnerable time
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就是趁一个女人在她一生中
05:03
in her entire life, to sign the adoption papers.
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最脆弱的时候,让她签下收养协议。
05:09
So the adoption papers were signed.
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就这样,我的收养协议被签下了。
05:11
The mother and baby's homes were often run by nuns.
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母婴看护所通常是由修女运营。
05:14
The adoption papers were signed,
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在收养协议被签署之后,
05:17
the child was given to the adoptive parents, and the mother
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孩子将被送到养父母家中,而生母
05:21
shipped back to her community
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重返她所在的社区
05:23
to say that she'd been on a little break.
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告诉大家,她刚刚休了个假。
05:26
A little break.
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一个休假。
05:29
A little break.
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一个休假。
05:31
The first secret of shame for a woman
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作为女人最为羞耻的秘密
05:34
for being a woman, "a little break."
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只是“一个休假”。
05:39
The adoption process took, like, a matter of months,
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领养过程花费差不多数个月的时间,
05:43
so it was a closed shop, you know, sealed deal,
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所以这是一个闭门企业,敲定协议,
05:46
an industrious, utilitarian solution:
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一个实用的解决方案:
05:53
the government, the farmer,
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政府扮演了农民,
05:56
the adopting parents, the consumer,
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养父母扮演了消费者
06:00
the mother, the earth, and the child, the crop.
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生母是大地,而孩子,就是那庄稼。
06:05
It's kind of easy to patronize the past,
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这是一种非常容易抛弃过去,
06:10
to forego our responsibilities in the present.
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又卸下眼前责任的方式。
06:14
What happened then is a direct reflection
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那时发生的状况,也反映出
06:18
of what is happening now. Everybody believed themselves
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我们现今的思维。每个人都相信
06:24
to be doing the right thing by God and by the state
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他们在上帝、在政府要求下做出的事情都是正确的
06:28
for the big society, fast-tracking adoption.
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是为了整个社会利益的,如同那快餐式的领养。
06:35
So anyway, she comes here, 1967, she's pregnant,
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总之,她来到了这里,在1967年怀孕,
06:40
and she comes from Ethiopia that was celebrating
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她从埃塞俄比亚来这里
06:45
its own jubilee at the time
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庆祝自己的犹太教节日
06:48
under the Emperor Haile Selassie,
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来纪念希利王,
06:51
and she lands months before the Enoch Powell speech,
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她来到这里的几个月后
06:56
the "Rivers of Blood" speech.
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伊诺克·鲍威尔发表了“血流成河”的演说。
06:58
She lands months before the Beatles release "The White Album,"
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她来到这里的几个月后,披头士发行了《白色专辑》
07:03
months before Martin Luther King was killed.
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她来到这里的几个月后,马丁·路德·金的遇害。
07:05
It was a summer of love if you were white.
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那时的白人是天之骄子,
07:08
If you were black, it was a summer of hate.
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而黑人则受到不公正对待,
07:11
So she goes from Oxford, she's sent to the north of England
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所以她离开牛津,被送到了英国北部的
07:17
to a mother and baby home, and appointed a social worker.
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一个母婴看护所,并被指派了一个社工。
07:21
It's her plan. You know, I have to say this in the Houses --
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这也是她自己的计划。我不得不在这里说——
07:26
It's her plan to have me fostered for a short period of time
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她的计划是让我在短期内先由寄养在别人家,
07:30
while she studies. But the social worker,
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在她这么考虑时,那位社工,
07:34
he had a different agenda.
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他却有着另一个计划。
07:37
He found the foster parents, and he said to them,
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他找来领养的父母,然后他告诉他们,
07:41
"Treat this as an adoption. He's yours forever.
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“把这当成一次收养,他将永远都是你们的,
07:45
His name is Norman." (Laughter)
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他的名字就叫做诺曼。“(笑声)
07:48
Norman! (Laughter)
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诺曼!(笑声)
07:50
Norman!
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诺曼!
07:53
So they took me. I was a message, they said.
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就这样,他们带走了我。他们说我是一个福音
07:59
I was a sign from God, they said.
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他们说我是一个来自上帝的信号。
08:02
I was Norman Mark Greenwood.
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我从此就成了诺曼·马克·格林伍德。
08:05
Now, for the next 11 years, all I know is that this woman,
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在接下来的11年,我只知道这个女人,
08:09
this birth woman, should have her eyes scratched out
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那个生我的女人,不应该眼睁睁看着
08:11
for not signing the adoption papers. She was an evil woman
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那份收养协议的签署。她是一个邪恶的女人
08:14
too selfish to sign, so I spent those 11 years
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太过自私,以至于那11年
08:18
kneeling and praying.
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我都在跪下来祈祷。
08:20
I tried praying. I swear I tried praying.
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我试着祈祷,我发誓我这么做过。
08:23
"God, can I have a bike for Christmas?"
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“上帝,我可以在圣诞节得到一辆自行车吗?”
08:27
But I would always answer myself, "Yes, of course you can."
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我总听到内心中有声音回答,“行,你当然可以。”
08:32
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
08:33
And then I was supposed to determine whether that
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这样,我就想来确认,这声音是来自
08:36
was the voice of God or it was the voice of the Devil.
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上帝?还是来自魔鬼。
08:39
And it turns out I've got the Devil inside of me.
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结果证明,那是魔鬼的欺骗。
08:47
Who knew? (Laughter)
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谁知道呢?(笑声)
08:49
So anyway, two years sort of passed,
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总之,收养我之后过去了两年,
08:52
and they had a child of their own,
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他们有了自己的孩子,
08:54
and then another two years passed, and they had another child of their own,
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又过去了两年,他们又多了一个自己的孩子,
08:56
and then another time passed
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又过去了几年
08:59
and they had another child that they called an accident,
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他们迎来了第三个孩子,给他起名“意外”,
09:01
which I thought was an unusual name. (Laughter)
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我觉得这是一个不同寻常的名字。(笑声)
09:05
And I was on the cusp of, sort of, adolescence,
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而那时,我处在,应该说是在青春期,
09:08
so I was starting to take biscuits from the tin without asking.
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我开始从罐头里拿饼干而不事前请求允许,
09:13
I was starting to stay out a little bit late, etc., etc.
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我开始在户外玩而晚回家,等等,等等
09:17
Now, in their religiosity, in their naivete,
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现在,由于他们的宗教信仰,他们的天性,
09:20
my mom and dad, which I believed them to be forever,
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我的母亲和父亲,我曾经以为是永远的父母,
09:22
as they said they were, my mom and dad
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也曾经是他们这样允诺过,我的母亲和父亲
09:26
conceived that I had the Devil inside of me.
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开始想象我的内心深处藏着魔鬼。
09:32
And what -- I should say this here, because this is how
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以及——我在这里不得不说,他们就是这样
09:35
they engineered my leaving.
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策划着让我离去。
09:36
They sat me at a table, my foster mom, and she said to me,
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他们让我坐在桌前,我的养母开始对我说,
09:40
"You don't love us, do you?" At 11 years old.
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“你不爱我们了,是不是?”,那时我11岁。
09:42
They've had three other children. I'm the fourth. The third was an accident.
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他们已经有了三个孩子,我是第四个。第三个是个意外。
09:45
And I said, "Yeah, of course I do." Because you do.
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我的回答是,“嗯,我当然爱着你们。” 因为你们爱我。
09:50
My foster mother asked me to go away to think about love
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我的养母要求我离开去想一想什么是爱
09:52
and what it is and to read the Scriptures and to come back tomorrow
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去读一下《圣经》,然后明天再过来
09:55
and give my most honest and truthful answer.
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给她最诚实和真实的回答。
09:57
So this was an opportunity. If they were asking me
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所以这是一个机会,如果他们问我
10:00
whether I loved them or not, then I mustn't love them,
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我是否爱着他们,然后我又不能回答爱着他们,
10:03
which led me to the miracle of thought that I thought they wanted me to get to.
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这导致我顺着他们的思路,产生了个奇思妙想,
10:05
"I will ask God for forgiveness and His light will shine
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“我将祈求上帝的宽恕,他的光芒将通过我
10:08
through me to them. How fantastic." This was an opportunity.
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照耀到他们。多么美好啊!”这一定是一个机会。
10:12
The theology was perfect, the timing unquestionable,
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理论是完美的,时机也是恰到好处的,
10:15
and the answer as honest as a sinner could get.
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那回答像一个罪人给出的最诚实的坦白。
10:18
"I mustn't love you," I said to them. "But I will ask God for forgiveness."
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“我不能爱你们”,我对他们说。“但是我会恳求上帝的原谅。”
10:22
"Because you don't love us, Norman,
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“既然你不爱我们,诺曼,
10:25
clearly you've chosen your path."
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显然你已经选好了自己的道路。”
10:27
Twenty-four hours later, my social worker,
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二十四小时之后,我的那位社工,
10:30
this strange man who used to visit me every couple of months,
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那位陌生人,每隔几个月就来看看我,
10:33
he's waiting for me in the car as I say goodbye to my parents.
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他在车内等我与父母告别。
10:36
I didn't say goodbye to anybody, not my mother, my father,
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但我没对任何一个人说再见,没有对妈妈,没有对爸爸,
10:39
my sisters, my brothers, my aunts, my uncles,
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我的姐姐,哥哥,我的婶婶和叔叔,
10:41
my cousins, my grandparents, nobody.
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我的堂弟们,我的祖父母,没和任何一个人。
10:44
On the way to the children's home, I started to ask myself,
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直到快到儿童收容所,我才开始问起自己,
10:48
"What's happened to me?"
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“我出了什么事吗?”
10:51
It's not that I'd had the rug pulled from beneath me
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这种感觉不仅仅是从我脚下抽走地毯
10:54
as much as the entire floor had been taken away.
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而是把整个地板都给掀走了。
10:59
When I got to the —
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当我到了——
11:03
For the next four, five years,
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在接下来的四、五年
11:07
I was held in four different children's homes.
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我到了四个不同的儿童收容所,
11:12
On the third children's home, at 15,
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在第三个收容所时,我是15岁,
11:15
I started to rebel, and what I did was,
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我开始叛逆,我那时候做的是,
11:18
I got three tins of paint, Airfix paint that you use for models,
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我拿到三罐油漆,是那种用于做模型的蚀刻片漆,
11:23
and I was -- it was a big children's home, big Victorian children's home --
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那是一个有规模的儿童收容所,维多利亚儿童收养院
11:26
and I was in a little turret at the top of it,
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我在一个小角楼的顶部,
11:28
and I poured them, red, yellow and green,
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把那红的、黄的、绿的油漆倾倒下来,
11:32
the colors of Africa, down the tiles.
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那种非洲的色彩,沿着砖墙着落。
11:37
You couldn't see it from the street, because the home
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你没法在街道上看到它们,因为这收容所
11:39
was surrounded by beech trees.
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被山毛榉树重重包围。
11:42
For doing this, I was incarcerated for a year
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因为做了这样的事,我被关了一年禁闭
11:47
in an assessment center which was actually
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在一个号称“观察评估中心”的地方
11:49
a remand center. It was a virtual prison
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事实上是一个羁押所,一个虚拟的监狱
11:54
for young people.
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专门囚禁那些未成年人。
11:58
By the way, years later, my social worker said
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顺便一提,数年以后,我的社工告诉我说
12:00
that I should never have been put in there.
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我其实不应该被囚禁在那里,
12:02
I wasn't charged for anything. I hadn't done anything wrong.
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我并没有任何可以指控的罪行,我没有做错什么。
12:04
But because I had no family to inquire about me,
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但仅仅因为我没有一个家人能够来取保我,
12:09
they could do anything to me.
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他们也无能为力。
12:14
I'm 17 years old, and
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在我17岁的时候,
12:17
they had a padded cell.
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他们有一个墙四周塞满软垫的囚室。
12:21
They would march me down corridors in last-size order.
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他们从走廊开始按年龄顺序强迫我
12:27
They -- I was put in a dormitory
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他们——把我关在一间宿舍
12:29
with a confirmed Nazi sympathizer.
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与一个被确认为纳粹支持者的人住一起。
12:33
All of the staff were ex-police -- interesting --
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所有这些员工都是“前警察”——非常有意思——
12:36
and ex-probation officers.
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2014
以及“前试用官员”。
12:38
The man who ran it was an ex-army officer.
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而负责管理的人是一个“前军官”。
12:42
Every time I had a visit by a person who I did not know
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每一次我都由一个不认识的人来探望
12:45
who would feed me grapes, once every three months,
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他将喂我一些葡萄,三个月一次,
12:49
I was strip-searched.
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我被当成嫌疑犯进行裸身搜查。
12:51
That home was full of young boys who were on remand
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在那个房间里,充满那未成年人被指控
12:55
for things like murder.
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犯有类似谋杀的罪行。
13:00
And this was the preparation that I was being given
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我就是经由了这些准备过程
13:04
after 17 years as a child of the state.
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结束了17年作为一个国家的孩子的身份。
13:10
I have to tell this story.
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我不得不向大家述说这个故事。
13:13
I have to tell it, because there was no one
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我不得不述说这些,因为这里没有一个人
13:15
to put two and two together.
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可以把你们两两凑在一起
13:18
I slowly became aware that I knew nobody
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我慢慢的开始意识到,我发现没有人
13:21
that knew me for longer than a year.
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会和我在一起超过一年。
13:24
See, that's what family does.
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看,这就是家庭所能带来的。
13:27
It gives you reference points.
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它能给你参考点。
13:30
I'm not defining a good family from a bad family.
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我不去区分哪些好的家庭或坏的家庭。
13:32
I'm just saying that you know when your birthday is
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我想说的是,你至少在你的生日
13:34
by virtue of the fact that somebody tells you when your birthday is,
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会有人来告诉你,生日到了,
13:37
a mother, a father, a sister, a brother, an aunt, an uncle,
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会有母亲,父亲,姐姐,哥哥,婶婶,叔叔,
13:38
a cousin, a grandparent. It matters to someone,
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堂弟,祖父。它关系着人与人,
13:40
and therefore it matters to you. Understand,
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也因此牵系着你。请理解,
13:43
I was 14 years old, tucked away in myself, into myself,
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我在14岁的时候,把自己藏起来,藏在自己内心,
13:47
and I wasn't touched either, physically touched.
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我不去与人交往,也没有肢体接触。
13:52
I'm reporting back. I'm reporting back simply to say that
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让我回到主题,简单的说来
14:00
when I left the children's home I had two things
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当我离开收容所后,我有两件事
14:03
that I wanted to do. One was to find my family,
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想要达成。一个是寻找我的家人,
14:07
and the other was to write poetry.
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另一个是写诗。
14:08
In creativity I saw light.
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在创作中,我看到了曙光。
14:11
In the imagination I saw the endless possibility of life,
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在想象中,我看到了生命无穷尽的可能性,
14:16
the endless truth, the permanent creation of reality,
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真理的无尽,和真相的永恒,
14:22
the place where anger was an expression
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在那里,愤怒是用来表现
14:29
in the search for love, a place where dysfunction
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对爱的索取;在那里,不完美
14:32
is a true reaction to untruth.
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是真诚对谎言的揭穿。
14:37
I've just got to say it to you all: I found all of my family
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我想告诉你们的是:我已经找到了我所有的家人
14:41
in my adult life. I spent all of my adult life finding them,
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在我成年以后。我用尽所有成年的时光来发现他们,
14:44
and I've now got a fully dysfunctional family just like everybody else.
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现在和在座各位一样,我已经有了虽然不健全但却完整的家庭。
14:48
But I'm reporting back to you to say quite simply
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我还是要再向大家做一个简单的总结
14:52
that you can define how strong a democracy is
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你可以定义一个国家的民主程度
14:57
by how its government treats its child.
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通过观察它的政府是如何对待它的孩子。
15:02
I don't mean children. I mean the child of the state.
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我不是说所有的孩子,而是那些“国家孤儿”。
15:04
Thanks very much. It's been an honor. (Applause)
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非常感谢,非常荣幸。(掌声)
15:09
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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