Lemn Sissay: A child of the state

76,184 views ・ 2012-10-24

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00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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譯者: Shih-han Huang 審譯者: Marssi Draw
00:16
Having spent 18 years as a child of the state
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我受國家監護18年
00:20
in children's homes and foster care,
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住在育幼院和寄養家庭
00:22
you could say that I'm an expert on the subject,
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所以我可以說是這個主題的專家
00:25
and in being an expert, I want to let you know that
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就因為我是專家,我想告訴各位
00:29
being an expert does in no way make you right
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專家不見得是對的
00:34
in light of the truth.
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這一點我們有證據顯示
00:37
If you're in care, legally the government is your
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如果你受監護,政府就是爸媽
00:42
parent, loco parentis.
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也就是法定監護人
00:45
Margaret Thatcher was my mother. (Laughter)
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所以柴契爾夫人就是我老媽(笑聲)
00:49
Let's not talk about breastfeeding. (Laughter)
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不要問我她有沒有餵我母奶(笑聲)
00:53
Harry Potter was a foster child.
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哈利波特是寄養兒童
00:56
Pip from "Great Expectations" was adopted;
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《遠大前程》的皮普是養子
01:01
Superman was a foster child;
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超人是寄養兒童
01:04
Cinderella was a foster child;
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灰姑娘是寄養兒童
01:08
Lisbeth Salander, the girl with the dragon tattoo,
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龍紋身的女孩莎蘭德
01:11
was fostered and institutionalized;
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住過寄養家庭和精神病院
01:14
Batman was orphaned;
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蝙蝠俠是無依兒童
01:19
Lyra Belacqua from Philip Pullman's "Northern Lights"
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普曼寫的《黃金羅盤》中
01:22
was fostered;
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萊拉被寄養
01:24
Jane Eyre, adopted;
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簡愛被領養
01:27
Roald Dahl's James from "James and the Giant Peach;"
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羅德.達爾《怪桃歷險記》的主人翁詹姆斯 和另一部故事主角瑪蒂達
01:31
Matilda; Moses -- Moses! (Laughter)
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還有摩西,沒錯,摩西!(笑聲)
01:37
Moses! (Laughter) --
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是先知摩西耶!(笑聲)
01:39
the boys in Michael Morpurgo's "Friend or Foe;"
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麥克.莫波格《是敵是友》書中的男生
01:44
Alem in Benjamin Zephaniah's "Refugee Boy;"
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班傑明.澤凡尼《難民男孩》裡的阿列
01:48
Luke Skywalker --
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天行者路克
01:50
Luke Skywalker! (Laughter) --
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《星際大戰》的天行者路克!(笑聲)
01:53
Oliver Twist;
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《孤雛淚》的奧利佛
01:55
Cassia in "The Concubine of Shanghai" by Hong Ying;
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虹影《上海王》的筱月桂
02:00
Celie in Alice Walker's "The Color Purple."
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愛麗絲.華克《紫色姐妹花》的世蘭
02:03
All of these great fictional characters, all of them
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以上所有的偉大小說人物,每一位
02:07
who were hurt by their condition,
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都受生長環境所傷害
02:11
all of them who spawned thousands of other books
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他們為上千本書和電影
02:16
and other films, all of them
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帶來靈感與啟發
02:19
were fostered, adopted or orphaned.
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他們都被寄養、收養,或是成為無依兒童
02:23
It seems that writers know that the child
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作家似乎了解,沒有家庭溫暖的小孩
02:28
outside of family reflects on what family truly is
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最能反映家庭的本質
02:35
more than what it promotes itself to be.
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比家庭自我投射的形象更真實
02:39
That is, they also use extraordinary skills
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這些小孩用過人的能力
02:44
to deal with extraordinary situations on a daily basis.
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天天與逆境纏鬥
02:49
How have we not made the connection?
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我們怎麼還看不清其中的關聯呢?
02:52
And why have we not made the connection, between
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我們為什麼還看不清
02:56
— How has that happened? —
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怎麼會這樣?
02:59
between these incredible characters of popular culture
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這些流行文化與宗教中的非凡人物
03:02
and religions, and the fostered, adopted or orphaned child
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跟寄養兒童、養子女或無依兒童的關聯?
03:07
in our midst? It's not our pity that they need.
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他們需要的不是我們的同情
03:12
It's our respect.
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而是尊重
03:14
I know famous musicians,
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我認識一些知名音樂家
03:17
I know actors and film stars and millionaires and novelists
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演員、電影明星、富豪、小說家
03:22
and top lawyers and television executives
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一流律師、電視執行製作
03:26
and magazine editors and national journalists
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雜誌編輯、大報記者
03:28
and dustbinmen and hairdressers, all who were
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清潔工、髮型設計師
03:31
looked after children, fostered, adopted or orphaned,
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他們小時候不是住過寄養家庭 就是被領養,或是無依兒童
03:35
and many of them grow into their adult lives
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很多人長大以後
03:37
in fear of speaking of their background, as if it may
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不願談起自己的過往
03:41
somehow weaken their standing in the foreground,
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因為擔心對自己的未來有不良影響
03:46
as if it were somehow Kryptonite, as if it were a time bomb
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過往就像是超人剋星克利普頓石
03:50
strapped on the inside. Children in care,
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像是身上綁的定時炸彈
03:54
who've had a life in care, deserve the right
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受國家安置的兒童有權利
03:57
to own and live the memory of their own childhood.
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擁有屬於自己的童年和記憶
04:03
It is that simple.
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就是這麼簡單
04:05
My own mother — and I should say this here —
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我的媽媽──這裡我要跟各位說──
04:09
she same to this country in the late '60s,
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她在60年代末期被送到英國
04:13
and she was, you know, she found herself pregnant,
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當時她發現自己懷孕了
04:17
as women did in the late '60s. You know what I mean?
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就像其他 60 年代末期的女性,你們知道我的意思嗎?
04:19
They found themselves pregnant.
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她們發現自己懷孕了
04:21
And she sort of, she had no idea of the context
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我媽媽應該說是不知道
04:25
in which she'd landed.
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自己究竟會有什麼下場
04:30
In the 1960s -- I should give you some context -- in the 1960s,
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在 60 年代──我這邊給大家一點背景資訊──
04:33
if you were pregnant and you were single,
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在當時,如果你沒結婚而且又懷孕了
04:37
you were seen as a threat to the community.
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大家會把你當作是這個社會的威脅
04:40
You were separated from your family by the state.
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國家會把你跟家人拆散
04:46
You were separated from your family and placed into
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你必須跟家人分開,然後被安置到
04:48
mother and baby homes.
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母子之家
04:50
You were appointed a social worker.
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國家會派給你一個社工
04:53
The adoptive parents were lined up.
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養父母也開始排隊要領養你的孩子
04:56
It was the primary purpose of the social worker, the aim,
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社工的主要工作
05:00
to get the woman at her most vulnerable time
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就是在母親一生最脆弱的時候
05:03
in her entire life, to sign the adoption papers.
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要她們簽文件放棄自己的孩子
05:09
So the adoption papers were signed.
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所以母親只好簽署文件
05:11
The mother and baby's homes were often run by nuns.
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母子之家通常是修女負責管理
05:14
The adoption papers were signed,
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領養文件簽了以後
05:17
the child was given to the adoptive parents, and the mother
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小孩就歸養父母,小孩的媽媽
05:21
shipped back to her community
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則被送回去原來住的地方
05:23
to say that she'd been on a little break.
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還要告訴別人她之前去休息了一陣子
05:26
A little break.
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休息一陣子
05:29
A little break.
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休息一陣子
05:31
The first secret of shame for a woman
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身為女人,第一個恥辱的秘密
05:34
for being a woman, "a little break."
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就是「休息一陣子」
05:39
The adoption process took, like, a matter of months,
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領養流程大概要花幾個月
05:43
so it was a closed shop, you know, sealed deal,
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但整個過程已定
05:46
an industrious, utilitarian solution:
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是個沒血沒淚、唯利是圖的解決方案
05:53
the government, the farmer,
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政府就像是農民
05:56
the adopting parents, the consumer,
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養父母是消費者
06:00
the mother, the earth, and the child, the crop.
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母親是土地,孩子則是農作物
06:05
It's kind of easy to patronize the past,
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偏袒過去
06:10
to forego our responsibilities in the present.
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逃避現有的責任很容易
06:14
What happened then is a direct reflection
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鑑古知今
06:18
of what is happening now. Everybody believed themselves
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當時大家都認為
06:24
to be doing the right thing by God and by the state
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自己所作所為對得起上帝、對得起國家
06:28
for the big society, fast-tracking adoption.
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是為了整個社會好,所以要快速處理領養
06:35
So anyway, she comes here, 1967, she's pregnant,
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我媽媽在 1967 年來到英國,懷有身孕
06:40
and she comes from Ethiopia that was celebrating
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她從衣索比亞來,當時衣索比亞
06:45
its own jubilee at the time
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正在慶祝
06:48
under the Emperor Haile Selassie,
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海爾.塞拉西一世皇帝登基 50 周年
06:51
and she lands months before the Enoch Powell speech,
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她到英國幾個月後,議員鮑威爾
06:56
the "Rivers of Blood" speech.
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發表「血流成河」反移民演說
06:58
She lands months before the Beatles release "The White Album,"
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她到英國幾個月後,披頭四發行《白色專輯》
07:03
months before Martin Luther King was killed.
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她到英國幾個月後,金恩博士遭到暗殺
07:05
It was a summer of love if you were white.
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假如你是白人的話,當時可說是充滿愛的夏天
07:08
If you were black, it was a summer of hate.
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如果你是黑人,那個夏天則充滿仇恨
07:11
So she goes from Oxford, she's sent to the north of England
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我媽媽從牛津被送到英格蘭北部
07:17
to a mother and baby home, and appointed a social worker.
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送到母子之家,有個社工負責她的案件
07:21
It's her plan. You know, I have to say this in the Houses --
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媽媽的計劃,我要在這裡說──
07:26
It's her plan to have me fostered for a short period of time
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她的計畫是送我去寄養一陣子
07:30
while she studies. But the social worker,
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直到她完成學業,可是社工
07:34
he had a different agenda.
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有不同的想法
07:37
He found the foster parents, and he said to them,
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社工找到了寄養父母,而且告訴他們說
07:41
"Treat this as an adoption. He's yours forever.
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「就當作領養了這個孩子,他永遠都是你們的。」
07:45
His name is Norman." (Laughter)
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「他叫做諾曼。」(笑聲)
07:48
Norman! (Laughter)
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諾曼!
07:50
Norman!
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諾曼!(笑聲)
07:53
So they took me. I was a message, they said.
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寄養父母就把我帶走,他們說
07:59
I was a sign from God, they said.
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我是上帝捎來的佳音
08:02
I was Norman Mark Greenwood.
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我當時叫諾曼.馬克.葛林伍
08:05
Now, for the next 11 years, all I know is that this woman,
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接下來的11年,我唯一知道的是
08:09
this birth woman, should have her eyes scratched out
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生下我的女人應該受懲罰
08:11
for not signing the adoption papers. She was an evil woman
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她不願意簽領養文件,她邪惡又自私
08:14
too selfish to sign, so I spent those 11 years
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所以不簽文件 那整整11年
08:18
kneeling and praying.
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我做的就是跪著祈禱
08:20
I tried praying. I swear I tried praying.
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我試著祈禱,我發誓我有這麼做
08:23
"God, can I have a bike for Christmas?"
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「上帝,聖誕節可以送我腳踏車嗎?」
08:27
But I would always answer myself, "Yes, of course you can."
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然後我會自己回答說:「當然可以。」
08:32
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
08:33
And then I was supposed to determine whether that
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之後我得要能分辨
08:36
was the voice of God or it was the voice of the Devil.
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這是上帝還是魔鬼的聲音
08:39
And it turns out I've got the Devil inside of me.
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後來我才發現,原來我身體裡住著魔鬼
08:47
Who knew? (Laughter)
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誰料得到呢?(笑聲)
08:49
So anyway, two years sort of passed,
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回到剛才講的,大概過了兩年
08:52
and they had a child of their own,
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寄養父母有了自己的孩子
08:54
and then another two years passed, and they had another child of their own,
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再兩年後,他們又有了第二個孩子
08:56
and then another time passed
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接下來他們又有第三個孩子
08:59
and they had another child that they called an accident,
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他們說這個孩子是意外
09:01
which I thought was an unusual name. (Laughter)
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我想說給小孩起這個名字真奇怪(笑聲)
09:05
And I was on the cusp of, sort of, adolescence,
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當時我正進入青少年期
09:08
so I was starting to take biscuits from the tin without asking.
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開始沒徵求同意就自己從罐子裡拿餅乾吃
09:13
I was starting to stay out a little bit late, etc., etc.
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我也開始晚歸,之類的事
09:17
Now, in their religiosity, in their naivete,
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寄養父母虔誠又天真
09:20
my mom and dad, which I believed them to be forever,
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我的爸媽,我以為他們永遠會是我的父母
09:22
as they said they were, my mom and dad
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因為他們說他們就是我爸媽
09:26
conceived that I had the Devil inside of me.
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他們認為我的身體裡住著魔鬼
09:32
And what -- I should say this here, because this is how
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我在這裡也要說──就是在這個時候
09:35
they engineered my leaving.
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他們計畫要把我送走
09:36
They sat me at a table, my foster mom, and she said to me,
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他們叫我坐下,養母對我說:
09:40
"You don't love us, do you?" At 11 years old.
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「你不愛我們對不對?」 我當時 11 歲
09:42
They've had three other children. I'm the fourth. The third was an accident.
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他們有三個小孩,我是第四個,第三個是意外
09:45
And I said, "Yeah, of course I do." Because you do.
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我說:「我當然愛你們。」 因為你們也愛我
09:50
My foster mother asked me to go away to think about love
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養母叫我好好想一下什麼是愛
09:52
and what it is and to read the Scriptures and to come back tomorrow
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還叫我讀聖經,然後明天回來
09:55
and give my most honest and truthful answer.
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跟她說我心中真正的答案
09:57
So this was an opportunity. If they were asking me
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這就是個機會,如果他們問我
10:00
whether I loved them or not, then I mustn't love them,
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是否愛他們,那我不能說愛他們
10:03
which led me to the miracle of thought that I thought they wanted me to get to.
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我還想這就是他們希望我說的
10:05
"I will ask God for forgiveness and His light will shine
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「我會乞求上帝原諒,祂的榮光會透過我
10:08
through me to them. How fantastic." This was an opportunity.
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照在他們身上,這多棒啊!」 這真是個大好機會
10:12
The theology was perfect, the timing unquestionable,
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神學理論完美,時機也抓得真好
10:15
and the answer as honest as a sinner could get.
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而且這個答案對於罪人來說可真夠坦白
10:18
"I mustn't love you," I said to them. "But I will ask God for forgiveness."
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「我不能愛你們。」 我對他們說:「但是我會乞求上帝原諒。」
10:22
"Because you don't love us, Norman,
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「因為你不愛我們,諾曼
10:25
clearly you've chosen your path."
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顯然,你已經選了自己要走的路。」
10:27
Twenty-four hours later, my social worker,
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24 小時後,我的社工
10:30
this strange man who used to visit me every couple of months,
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就是每幾個月就來訪查的陌生人
10:33
he's waiting for me in the car as I say goodbye to my parents.
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在車子裡等我跟父母道別
10:36
I didn't say goodbye to anybody, not my mother, my father,
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我沒跟任何人說再見,包括我爸媽
10:39
my sisters, my brothers, my aunts, my uncles,
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我的兄弟姊妹、叔叔阿姨
10:41
my cousins, my grandparents, nobody.
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表兄弟姐妹、祖父母,一個也沒有
10:44
On the way to the children's home, I started to ask myself,
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去育幼院的路上,我問自己
10:48
"What's happened to me?"
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「我出了什麼事?」
10:51
It's not that I'd had the rug pulled from beneath me
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我感覺到的不是有人把我腳下的地毯抽走
10:54
as much as the entire floor had been taken away.
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而是整個地板都不見了
10:59
When I got to the —
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我到了──
11:03
For the next four, five years,
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接下來的四五年
11:07
I was held in four different children's homes.
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我住過四家育幼院
11:12
On the third children's home, at 15,
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住第三間育幼院時,我 15 歲
11:15
I started to rebel, and what I did was,
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開始叛逆,當時我做了一件事
11:18
I got three tins of paint, Airfix paint that you use for models,
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就是拿三罐做模型的顏料
11:23
and I was -- it was a big children's home, big Victorian children's home --
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──那家育幼院很大,是維多利亞時代的風格──
11:26
and I was in a little turret at the top of it,
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我爬上育幼院的塔樓
11:28
and I poured them, red, yellow and green,
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把顏料往下潑,有紅色、黃色、綠色
11:32
the colors of Africa, down the tiles.
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非洲的色彩,向下蔓延每一塊地磚
11:37
You couldn't see it from the street, because the home
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你從外面看不到我幹的好事
11:39
was surrounded by beech trees.
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因為育幼院周圍都是山毛櫸樹
11:42
For doing this, I was incarcerated for a year
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可是我因為潑漆被關了1年
11:47
in an assessment center which was actually
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關在所謂的評估中心,但其實就是
11:49
a remand center. It was a virtual prison
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青少年拘留所,對年輕人來說
11:54
for young people.
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那就是監獄
11:58
By the way, years later, my social worker said
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順帶一提,幾年後,我的社工說
12:00
that I should never have been put in there.
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我根本就不應該被關
12:02
I wasn't charged for anything. I hadn't done anything wrong.
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因為我並沒有遭受任何指控,也沒做錯事
12:04
But because I had no family to inquire about me,
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但就因為我沒有家人關心
12:09
they could do anything to me.
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他們就可以對我為所欲為
12:14
I'm 17 years old, and
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我17歲時
12:17
they had a padded cell.
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育幼院有個防止囚犯自殺的牢房
12:21
They would march me down corridors in last-size order.
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他們叫我走到走廊盡頭
12:27
They -- I was put in a dormitory
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把我分到一間宿舍
12:29
with a confirmed Nazi sympathizer.
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室友是個納粹支持者
12:33
All of the staff were ex-police -- interesting --
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員工都當過警察 ── 真有意思──
12:36
and ex-probation officers.
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或是當過假釋官
12:38
The man who ran it was an ex-army officer.
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管理的人則曾經是軍官
12:42
Every time I had a visit by a person who I did not know
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每次有個我不認識的人來看我
12:45
who would feed me grapes, once every three months,
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這個人還給我吃葡萄,大概每 3 個月一次
12:49
I was strip-searched.
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我就要被脫衣搜身
12:51
That home was full of young boys who were on remand
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那個育幼院有很多候審還押的少年
12:55
for things like murder.
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他們犯的是謀殺之類的罪
13:00
And this was the preparation that I was being given
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這就是國家替我未來做的準備
13:04
after 17 years as a child of the state.
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雖然我受國家監護有17年之久
13:10
I have to tell this story.
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我必須要把這故事說出來
13:13
I have to tell it, because there was no one
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我一定要說,因為沒有人
13:15
to put two and two together.
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會幫我把前因後果說清楚
13:18
I slowly became aware that I knew nobody
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我漸漸發現,沒有一個人
13:21
that knew me for longer than a year.
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認識我超過一年
13:24
See, that's what family does.
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看到了嗎?家庭的作用就在此
13:27
It gives you reference points.
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家庭讓你有參照點
13:30
I'm not defining a good family from a bad family.
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我不是在說好家庭跟壞家庭的差別
13:32
I'm just saying that you know when your birthday is
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我是說你知道你生日是哪一天
13:34
by virtue of the fact that somebody tells you when your birthday is,
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因為家裡有人會告訴你
13:37
a mother, a father, a sister, a brother, an aunt, an uncle,
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可能是媽媽、爸爸、姊姊、哥哥、阿姨、叔叔
13:38
a cousin, a grandparent. It matters to someone,
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表哥、祖父母 因為有人在乎你的生日
13:40
and therefore it matters to you. Understand,
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所以你也會在乎,你知道嗎
13:43
I was 14 years old, tucked away in myself, into myself,
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我 14 歲時,把自己往內心深藏
13:47
and I wasn't touched either, physically touched.
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也沒有人理我,或是抱抱我
13:52
I'm reporting back. I'm reporting back simply to say that
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我現在是跟各位報告過去的事情,這麼做只是要說
14:00
when I left the children's home I had two things
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我離開育幼院時,有兩件想做的事情
14:03
that I wanted to do. One was to find my family,
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一個是找到我的家人
14:07
and the other was to write poetry.
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另一件事則是寫詩
14:08
In creativity I saw light.
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透過創作,我見到了光明
14:11
In the imagination I saw the endless possibility of life,
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在想像的世界中,我看到了人生無限可能
14:16
the endless truth, the permanent creation of reality,
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看到了無止盡的真理,看到了永恆的真實
14:22
the place where anger was an expression
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在想像的世界中,憤怒是一種表達
14:29
in the search for love, a place where dysfunction
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是追尋愛的方式,反常則是
14:32
is a true reaction to untruth.
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對於虛假的真實反應
14:37
I've just got to say it to you all: I found all of my family
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我想告訴各位:我找到了所有的家人
14:41
in my adult life. I spent all of my adult life finding them,
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我長大以後花了很多時間找他們
14:44
and I've now got a fully dysfunctional family just like everybody else.
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我現在有個烏煙瘴氣的家庭,就跟大家一樣
14:48
But I'm reporting back to you to say quite simply
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我之所以和各位報告,是因為我想說
14:52
that you can define how strong a democracy is
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一個民主政體有多堅實
14:57
by how its government treats its child.
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端視政府如何對待它的孩子
15:02
I don't mean children. I mean the child of the state.
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我不是說所有兒童,而是受國家監護的孩子
15:04
Thanks very much. It's been an honor. (Applause)
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謝謝,很榮幸能來這裡演講(掌聲)
15:09
(Applause)
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(掌聲)

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