The surprising thing I learned sailing solo around the world | Dame Ellen MacArthur
418,035 views ・ 2015-06-29
请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。
翻译人员: Yolanda Zhang
校对人员: Li Li
00:12
When you're a child,
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当你还是个孩子,
00:14
anything and everything is possible.
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凡事皆有可能。
00:18
The challenge, so often,
is hanging on to that as we grow up.
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挑战也总是伴随着我们成长。
00:22
And as a four-year-old,
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我四岁的时候,
00:24
I had the opportunity
to sail for the first time.
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有机会第一次出海航行。
00:27
I will never forget
the excitement as we closed the coast.
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我永远忘不了快接近海岸时的激动,
00:31
I will never forget
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永远忘不了
00:33
the feeling of adventure
as I climbed on board the boat
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第一次爬上船
00:36
and stared into her tiny cabin
for the first time.
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并凝视着船舱的感觉。
00:40
But the most amazing feeling
was the feeling of freedom,
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但最奇妙的是那种自由的感觉,
00:43
the feeling that I felt
when we hoisted her sails.
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那种挂帆起航的感觉。
00:47
As a four-year-old child,
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对于一个四岁的孩子,
00:49
it was the greatest sense of freedom
that I could ever imagine.
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那是我能想象到的最大的自由感。
00:53
I made my mind up there and then
that one day, somehow,
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那天,不知何故,我下决心
00:56
I was going to sail around the world.
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要出海周游世界。
01:00
So I did what I could in my life
to get closer to that dream.
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所以我竭尽全力,
只为更接近那个梦想。
01:04
Age 10, it was saving my school
dinner money change.
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10岁的时候,我开始把在
学校吃饭省下的零钱攒下来。
01:07
Every single day for eight years,
I had mashed potato and baked beans,
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8年中,我每天只吃土豆泥和烤豆,
01:11
which cost 4p each, and gravy was free.
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每份只要4便士,而肉汁免费。
01:13
Every day I would pile up the change
on the top of my money box,
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每天我都把零钱堆在存钱罐顶部,
01:17
and when that pile reached a pound,
I would drop it in
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而每攒够一英磅,
我就把钱放进存钱罐,
01:19
and cross off one of the 100 squares
I'd drawn on a piece of paper.
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并划掉在纸上预先画好的
100个空格中的一个。
01:24
Finally, I bought a tiny dinghy.
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终于,我买到一个小艇。
01:27
I spent hours sitting on it in the garden
dreaming of my goal.
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我在花园中花了几个小时,
就这么坐在小艇上梦想着我的目标。
01:31
I read every book I could on sailing,
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我读了能找到的每一本
关于航行的书,
01:34
and then eventually,
having been told by my school
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然后学校终于通知我,
01:37
I wasn't clever enough to be a vet,
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我还不够资格做一名兽医,
01:39
left school age 17 to begin
my apprenticeship in sailing.
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因此17岁那年我离开了学校,
航海学徒的生涯开始了。
01:44
So imagine how it felt
just four years later
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想象一下这是什么感觉吧,
仅仅四年之后,
01:48
to be sitting in a boardroom
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坐在一间会议室,
01:50
in front of someone who I knew
could make that dream come true.
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面对着一个我知道
可以让我梦想成真的人。
01:54
I felt like my life
depended on that moment,
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我觉得我一生都是由那一刻决定的,
01:58
and incredibly, he said yes.
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而且不可思议的是,他同意了。
02:00
And I could barely contain my excitement
as I sat in that first design meeting
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当我第一次坐在会议室,
02:04
designing a boat
on which I was going to sail
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设计我将用于独自连续
环球航行的船时,
02:07
solo nonstop around the world.
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我几乎无法抑制内心的兴奋。
02:10
From that first meeting
to the finish line of the race,
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从第一次会议到比赛的终点线,
02:13
it was everything I'd ever imagined.
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这一切我都曾经想象过。
02:15
Just like in my dreams, there were
amazing parts and tough parts.
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正如我想象中的那样,
精彩与艰难并存。
02:19
We missed an iceberg by 20 feet.
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我们曾经只差20英尺
就撞到了一个冰山。
02:21
Nine times, I climbed to the top
of her 90-foot mast.
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我爬到90英尺的桅杆顶端9次。
02:24
We were blown on our side
in the Southern Ocean.
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我们在南大洋逆风行驶。
02:27
But the sunsets, the wildlife,
and the remoteness
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但是落日,野生动物和
那种偏远之地的景象
02:30
were absolutely breathtaking.
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真的美到让人窒息。
02:33
After three months at sea, age just 24,
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在海上航行了三个月,我那时24岁,
02:36
I finished in second position.
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以第二名的成绩完成了比赛。
02:39
I'd loved it, so much so
that within six months
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我太喜欢航行了,
甚至在不到6个月后,
02:42
I decided to go around the world again,
but this time not in a race:
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我就决定再次环球航行,
但这次不是比赛:
02:47
to try to be the fastest person ever
to sail solo nonstop around the world.
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是尽量以最快的速度
不停站地进行独自环球航行。
02:52
Now for this, I needed a different craft:
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为了实现这个目标,
我需要换一艘船:
02:55
bigger, wider, faster, more powerful.
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它更大,更宽,更快,动力更足。
02:59
Just to give that boat some scale,
I could climb inside her mast
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只是把船做得更大一点,
这样我就可以爬进她的桅杆
03:02
all the way to the top.
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一直到顶部。
03:04
Seventy-five foot long, 60 foot wide.
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75英尺长,60英尺宽。
03:08
I affectionately called her Moby.
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我亲切地称它白鲸。
03:10
She was a multihull.
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她是一个多体船。
03:12
When we built her, no one had ever
made it solo nonstop
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我们造她的时候,
还没人能够不停站地独自
03:15
around the world in one,
though many had tried,
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环球航行,
尽管很多人试过了,
03:18
but whilst we built her, a Frenchman
took a boat 25 percent bigger than her
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但我们造她的同时,一个法国人用了
一艘比它的体积大25%的船,
03:23
and not only did he make it,
but he took the record from 93 days
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他不仅成功完成了航行,
而且把记录从93天
03:26
right down to 72.
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降到了72天。
03:29
The bar was now much, much higher.
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现在,这个时间更是被大大缩短了。
03:32
And these boats were exciting to sail.
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而且用这些船航行是非常棒的体验。
03:34
This was a training sail
off the French coast.
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这是一个法国海岸附近的训练船。
03:37
This I know well because I was one
of the five crew members on board.
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我很了解这艘船,
因为我曾是上面的5名船员之一。
03:41
Five seconds is all it took
from everything being fine
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只需要5秒钟,
我们的世界就会从一切还好
03:45
to our world going black
as the windows were thrust underwater,
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变成一片漆黑,
因为我们的窗户会进入水下,
03:48
and that five seconds goes quickly.
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而那五秒很快。
03:50
Just see how far below
those guys the sea is.
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只要看看这些家伙
比海面高多少就知道了。
03:53
Imagine that alone
in the Southern Ocean
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想象一下独自在南大洋,
03:57
plunged into icy water,
thousands of miles away from land.
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在与陆地相隔千里的地方
陷入冰冷的水中。
04:03
It was Christmas Day.
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那是个圣诞节,
04:05
I was forging into the Southern Ocean
underneath Australia.
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我在澳大利亚南面的南大洋航行。
04:08
The conditions were horrendous.
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当时的条件很恶劣。
04:11
I was approaching a part in the ocean
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我正在接近一块距离
04:13
which was 2,000 miles away
from the nearest town.
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最近的城镇也有2000英里的海域。
04:17
The nearest land was Antarctica,
and the nearest people
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最近的陆地是南极洲,而最近的人
04:20
would be those manning
the European Space Station above me.
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应该是我上面的
那些欧洲空间站的宇航员。
04:23
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
04:24
You really are in the middle of nowhere.
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这里真的是前不着村后不着店。
04:27
If you need help,
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如果你需要帮助,
04:29
and you're still alive,
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并且还能撑一段时间,
04:30
it takes four days
for a ship to get to you
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一艘船也需要花上四天才能
抵达你所在的地方,
04:33
and then four days for that ship
to get you back to port.
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然后再用四天把你带回去。
04:37
No helicopter can reach you out there,
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没有直升机可以到那儿,
04:39
and no plane can land.
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也没有飞机可以降落。
04:41
We are forging ahead of a huge storm.
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我们在巨大的风暴中艰难前行。
04:44
Within it, there was 80 knots of wind,
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这里的风速达到80海里每小时,
04:47
which was far too much wind
for the boat and I to cope with.
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这远远超过了一艘船和
我个人可以控制的范围。
04:50
The waves were already 40 to 50 feet high,
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浪高达40至50英尺,
04:53
and the spray from the breaking crests
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破浪的时候产生的水雾
04:55
was blown horizontally
like snow in a blizzard.
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像暴风雪一样横扫过来。
04:58
If we didn't sail fast enough,
we'd be engulfed by that storm,
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如果我们的航行速度不够快,
就会被那场风暴吞没,
05:02
and either capsized or smashed to pieces.
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要么翻船,要么粉身碎骨。
05:05
We were quite literally
hanging on for our lives
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毫不夸张地说,我们是把命
05:08
and doing so on a knife edge.
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悬在了刀锋上。
05:11
The speed I so desperately needed
brought with it danger.
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我迫切需要的速度带来了危险。
05:15
We all know what it's like driving a car
20 miles an hour, 30, 40.
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我们都知道每小时驾车20英里
是什么感觉,或者30,40英里,
05:19
It's not too stressful.
We can concentrate.
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这不会让人觉得太紧张,
集中注意力就好。
05:22
We can turn on the radio.
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我们甚至还能听点广播节目。
05:24
Take that 50, 60, 70, accelerate through
to 80, 90, 100 miles an hour.
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但是当速度从50,60,70,
加速到80,90,100英里每小时,
05:28
Now you have white knuckles
and you're gripping the steering wheel.
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现在你会感到极度紧张,
需要牢牢地抓住方向盘。
05:31
Now take that car off road at night
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现在假设你在晚上把车开离公路,
05:34
and remove the windscreen wipers,
the windscreen,
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并且拆掉雨刷和挡风玻璃,
05:36
the headlights and the brakes.
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还有头灯和刹车。
05:38
That's what it's like
in the Southern Ocean.
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这就是在南大洋(航行)的感觉。
05:40
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(笑声)(掌声)
05:45
You could imagine
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你可以想象
在那种情况下很难睡着,
05:46
it would be quite difficult
to sleep in that situation,
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05:48
even as a passenger.
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即便只是作为乘客。
05:50
But you're not a passenger.
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但你不是个乘客。
05:52
You're alone on a boat
you can barely stand up in,
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你独自在船上,
连保持站立的姿势都很困难,
05:54
and you have to make
every single decision on board.
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还必须独自在船上做出每一个决定。
05:57
I was absolutely exhausted,
physically and mentally.
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我绝对已经精疲力竭了,
不管是身体上还是精神上。
06:00
Eight sail changes in 12 hours.
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12个小时内八个航行变化。
06:02
The mainsail weighed
three times my body weight,
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主帆的重量是我体重的三倍,
06:05
and after each change,
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每次改变航向后,
06:06
I would collapse on the floor
soaked with sweat
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我都会大汗淋漓地瘫坐下来,
06:09
with this freezing Southern Ocean air
burning the back of my throat.
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冰冷的南大洋空气
不断侵蚀着我的喉咙。
06:13
But out there, those lowest of the lows
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但在那种情况下,
绝境往往能够带来
06:16
are so often contrasted
with the highest of the highs.
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意想不到的惊喜和成功。
06:19
A few days later, we came out
of the back of the low.
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几天后,
我们总算度过了最艰难的时期。
06:23
Against all odds, we'd been able
to drive ahead of the record
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排除万难后,我们在重压之下终于
06:27
within that depression.
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打破了航行的记录。
06:29
The sky cleared, the rain stopped,
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天空放晴,雨也停了,
06:32
and our heartbeat, the monstrous
seas around us were transformed
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而我们的心跳和滔天巨浪,
06:36
into the most beautiful moonlit mountains.
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也转化成了铺满月光的群山,
美不胜收。
06:40
It's hard to explain, but you enter
a different mode when you head out there.
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这很难解释,但你到达那里的时候,
你就进入了不同的模式。
06:44
Your boat is your entire world,
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船就是你的整个世界,
06:46
and what you take with you
when you leave is all you have.
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而你离开时携带的东西
也是你的全部家当。
06:49
If I said to you all now,
"Go off into Vancouver
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如果我现在对你们说:“去温哥华
06:52
and find everything you will need for
your survival for the next three months,"
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找到你在接下来三个月
生存所需要的一切东西,”
06:56
that's quite a task.
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这可是一项艰巨的任务。
06:58
That's food, fuel, clothes,
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那包括食物,燃料,衣服,
07:00
even toilet roll and toothpaste.
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甚至卫生纸和牙膏。
07:02
That's what we do,
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这就是我们做的,
07:04
and when we leave we manage it
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当我们离开时,
准备计划需要精细到
07:06
down to the last drop of diesel
and the last packet of food.
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最后一滴油和最后一包食物。
07:10
No experience in my life
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在我的生命中,
07:11
could have given me a better understanding
of the definition of the word "finite."
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没有任何经历可以像这样
让我理解到“有限”这个词的意义。
07:15
What we have out there is all we have.
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我们带到那儿的就是全部家当。
07:17
There is no more.
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不可能有任何补给。
07:19
And never in my life had I ever
translated that definition of finite
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而我从没在生命中经历过
07:22
that I'd felt on board
to anything outside of sailing
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航行时在船上感受到的
这种“有限”的概念,
07:26
until I stepped off the boat at
the finish line having broken that record.
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直到我在终点线下船的时候
打破了那个记录。
07:30
(Applause)
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(掌声)
07:36
Suddenly I connected the dots.
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突然我找到了一些关联性。
07:38
Our global economy is no different.
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我们的全球经济其实没有什么不同。
07:41
It's entirely dependent
on finite materials
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它完全依赖于那些
07:44
we only have once
in the history of humanity.
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我们在人类历史上
只会拥有一次的资源。
07:46
And it was a bit like seeing something
you weren't expecting under a stone
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有点像在一块石头下面看到了
意想不到的东西,
07:50
and having two choices:
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你有两种选择:
07:52
I either put that stone to one side
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要么我把那块石头放一边,
07:54
and learn more about it,
or I put that stone back
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并仔细研究它,
或者我把它放回去,
07:58
and I carry on with my dream job
of sailing around the world.
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然后继续我的环球航行梦。
08:02
I chose the first.
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我选择了第一种。
08:04
I put it to one side and I began
a new journey of learning,
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我把它放在一边,
并开始了新的学习旅程。
08:07
speaking to chief executives,
experts, scientists, economists
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跟首席执行官,专家,
科学家,经济学家探讨,
08:11
to try to understand just how
our global economy works.
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试图了解我们的
全球经济是怎么运行的。
08:14
And my curiosity took me
to some extraordinary places.
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而好奇心把我带到了
一些很棒的地方。
08:18
This photo was taken in the burner
of a coal-fired power station.
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这张照片拍摄于
一个火力发电站的燃烧炉。
我对煤很着迷,
它是全球能源需求的最基本来源,
08:23
I was fascinated by coal,
fundamental to our global energy needs,
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08:26
but also very close to my family.
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但它也跟我的家庭很有缘。
08:29
My great-grandfather was a coal miner,
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我的曾祖父是一名煤矿工人,
08:31
and he spent 50 years
of his life underground.
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他在地下矿井工作了50年。
08:35
This is a photo of him,
and when you see that photo,
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这是他的照片
当你看到这张照片,
08:38
you see someone from another era.
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你看到的是另一个时代的人。
08:40
No one wears trousers
with a waistband quite that high
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现在这个年代已经没人穿
那么高腰的裤子了。(笑声)
08:43
in this day and age. (Laughter)
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不过这就是我和我的曾祖父。
08:46
But yet, that's me
with my great-grandfather,
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08:48
and by the way, they are not
his real ears. (Laughter)
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顺便说一句,
他照片里的耳朵是假的。(笑声)
08:53
We were close. I remember sitting on
his knee listening to his mining stories.
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我们很亲近。我还记得坐在他的膝上
听他讲挖煤的故事。
08:57
He talked of the camaraderie underground,
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他讲过矿井下的友情,
08:59
and the fact that the miners used to save
the crusts of their sandwiches
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还有矿工们曾经省下三明治的外皮,
09:03
to give to the ponies
they worked with underground.
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喂给跟他们一起工作的小马驹吃。
09:06
It was like it was yesterday.
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感觉就像昨天的事。
09:08
And on my journey of learning,
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在我学习的旅程中,
09:10
I went to the World
Coal Association website,
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我访问了世界煤炭工业协会的网站,
09:12
and there in the middle
of the homepage, it said,
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在主页的中间位置,有这样一句话:
“我们大约还剩118年的煤炭储量。”
09:15
"We have about 118 years of coal left."
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我想,还好,
那是我死了很久之后的事儿了,
09:18
And I thought to myself, well,
that's well outside my lifetime,
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09:21
and a much greater figure
than the predictions for oil.
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而且比预测的石油储量大多了。
09:24
But I did the math, and I realized
that my great-grandfather
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但我算了下,意识到
(搜索的)那一年之前
09:27
had been born exactly 118 years
before that year,
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刚好是我曾祖父118岁诞辰,
09:31
and I sat on his knee
until I was 11 years old,
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而我坐在他的膝上直到11岁,
09:34
and I realized it's nothing
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我意识到这点时间
09:36
in time, nor in history.
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在历史的长河中不算什么,
09:38
And it made me make a decision
I never thought I would make:
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这促使我做出了
我从没想过的一个决定:
不再独自航行,
09:42
to leave the sport
of solo sailing behind me
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2345
09:44
and focus on the greatest challenge
I'd ever come across:
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而专注于我遇到的最大的挑战上:
09:47
the future of our global economy.
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全球经济的未来。
09:49
And I quickly realized it wasn't
just about energy.
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很快我就意识到不仅仅能源是有限的。
09:52
It was also materials.
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各种材料也是。
09:54
In 2008, I picked up a scientific study
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2008年,我做了一个科学研究,
09:56
looking at how many years we have
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2044
看看那些需要通过地下开采获得的
09:58
of valuable materials
to extract from the ground:
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有价值的原料还有多少年的储量。
10:01
copper, 61; tin, zinc, 40; silver, 29.
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铜,61年;锡,锌,40年;
银,29年。
10:05
These figures couldn't be exact,
but we knew those materials were finite.
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这些数字可能并不准确,
但我们知道这些资源都是有限的,
10:09
We only have them once.
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1737
用完即枯竭,不可再生。
10:11
And yet, our speed that we've used
these materials has increased rapidly,
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然而,我们使用这些材料的
速度一直在迅速增长,
10:15
exponentially.
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甚至是指数增长。
10:16
With more people in the world
with more stuff,
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随着世界人口越来越多,
产品也更多,
我们已经看到100年来
基本商品价格的
10:19
we've effectively seen
100 years of price declines
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2774
下降趋势在短短10年内就被打破了。
10:22
in those basic commodities
erased in just 10 years.
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10:25
And this affects all of us.
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这会影响我们所有的人。
10:27
It's brought huge volatility in prices,
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2020
它带来了价格的巨大波动,
10:29
so much so that in 2011,
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2849
以至于在2011年,
普通的欧洲汽车制造商都看到
10:32
your average European car manufacturer
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10:34
saw a raw material price increase
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2554
原材料价格上涨了
5亿欧元,
10:37
of 500 million Euros,
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2206
吞噬了他们一半的营业利润,
10:39
wiping away half their operating profits
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2322
10:41
through something they have
absolutely no control over.
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而面对这一切他们却束手无策。
随着我的了解逐渐深入,
我的生活也开始发生了改变。
10:45
And the more I learned, the more
I started to change my own life.
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10:48
I started traveling less,
doing less, using less.
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我开始减少旅行的次数,
过更平淡的生活,避免浪费。
10:50
It felt like actually doing less
was what we had to do.
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3541
好像减少浪费是我们不得不做的。
10:54
But it sat uneasy with me.
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2350
但是这很难做到。
也许并不是个好方法。
10:56
It didn't feel right.
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1122
10:57
It felt like we were
buying ourselves time.
217
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2496
好像我们在给自己买时间。
11:00
We were eking things out a bit longer.
218
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1892
我们只是勉强把
使用时间延长了一点点。
11:02
Even if everybody changed,
it wouldn't solve the problem.
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3227
即使每个人都开始节约,
也无法解决根本的问题。
11:05
It wouldn't fix the system.
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无法修复整个系统。
11:07
It was vital in the transition,
but what fascinated me was,
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3041
过渡的过程至关重要,
但是使我着迷的是
11:10
in the transition to what?
What could actually work?
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要过渡到什么样的状态?
到底什么才是行之有效的方法?
11:14
It struck me that the system itself,
the framework within which we live,
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4295
我突然意识到系统本身,
我们生活的框架
11:19
is fundamentally flawed,
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2299
是有根本缺陷的,
11:21
and I realized ultimately
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3259
最终我意识到,
11:24
that our operating system,
the way our economy functions,
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3033
我们的操作系统,
经济运作方式,
11:27
the way our economy's been built,
is a system in itself.
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3483
经济的建设方式,
这一切本身就自成系统。
11:31
At sea, I had to understand
complex systems.
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2902
在海上,我必须了解复杂的系统。
11:34
I had to take multiple inputs,
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1878
我不得不提出多种指令,
不得不处理它们,
11:36
I had to process them,
230
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1512
11:37
and I had to understand the system to win.
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2888
要想赢,我就得去了解这个系统。
我得搞懂这一切。
11:40
I had to make sense of it.
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11:42
And as I looked at our global economy,
I realized it too is that system,
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4063
当我看着全球经济的时候,
我意识到它也是这样的系统,
11:46
but it's a system that effectively
can't run in the long term.
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4412
但这个系统不能有效地长期运行。
11:50
And I realized we've been perfecting
what's effectively a linear economy
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3761
我还意识到我们已经在过去的
150年中完善了有效的
11:54
for 150 years,
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1870
线性经济,
11:56
where we take a material
out of the ground,
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2031
我们从地下开采原料,
11:58
we make something out of it,
and then ultimately
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2508
做成产品,最后
扔掉那个产品,
当然,我们也回收一些东西,
12:00
that product gets thrown away,
and yes, we do recycle some of it,
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3274
12:04
but more an attempt to get out
what we can at the end,
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但更多的是尝试在最后尽点力回收,
12:07
not by design.
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而不是事先设计好的。
12:09
It's an economy that fundamentally
can't run in the long term,
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3204
这是一个从根本上就
不可能长期运行的经济,
12:12
and if we know that we
have finite materials,
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3033
如果我们知道我们只有有限的原料,
12:15
why would we build an economy
that would effectively use things up,
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3329
为什么还要建立一个快速消耗,
并会造成浪费的
12:18
that would create waste?
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1858
经济系统呢?
12:20
Life itself has existed
for billions of years
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2925
生命本身已经存在了数十亿年,
12:23
and has continually adapted
to use materials effectively.
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3622
并不断适应有效地使用原料。
12:27
It's a complex system,
but within it, there is no waste.
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3321
这是一个复杂的系统,
但在这个系统内没有浪费。
12:30
Everything is metabolized.
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一切都被代谢掉了。
12:33
It's not a linear economy
at all, but circular.
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这完全不是线性经济,它是循环的,
12:37
And I felt like the child in the garden.
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我就像个孩子在花园中。
12:40
For the first time on this new journey,
I could see exactly where we were headed.
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在这个学习的旅程中,
我第一次看清了前进的方向。
12:45
If we could build an economy that would
use things rather than use them up,
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3784
如果我们可以建立一种使用原料
而不是耗尽原料的经济,
12:49
we could build a future that really
could work in the long term.
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3228
我们就可以建立一个
让一切长期运转的未来。
12:52
I was excited.
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1904
我很激动。
12:54
This was something to work towards.
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这是可以努力的方向。
12:56
We knew exactly where we were headed.
We just had to work out how to get there,
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一旦知道要做什么,
只需要找出实现目标的途径就行了,
13:00
and it was exactly with this in mind
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1930
于是有了这个想法之后,
13:02
that we created the Ellen MacArthur
Foundation in September 2010.
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3715
我们于2010年9月
创建了Ellen MacArthur基金。
13:07
Many schools of thought fed our thinking
and pointed to this model:
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3863
学校的教育塑造了我们的思维
并指向了这种模式:
产业共生,性能经济,
共享经济,仿生学,
13:11
industrial symbiosis, performance economy,
sharing economy, biomimicry,
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4620
13:15
and of course, cradle-to-cradle design.
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2756
当然,还有初始到初始的
循环设计。
13:18
Materials would be defined
as either technical or biological,
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3685
原料可以是技术性的或生物类的,
13:22
waste would be designed out entirely,
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3021
垃圾会被完全设计出来。
13:25
and we would have a system
that could function
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2512
我们将会有一个绝对
13:28
absolutely in the long term.
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2182
长期有效的系统。
13:30
So what could this economy look like?
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2067
那么,这个经济会是什么样子?
也许我们不会买灯具
但是我们可以付照明费,
13:33
Maybe we wouldn't buy light fittings,
but we'd pay for the service of light,
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3938
而厂家将回收这些材料
13:37
and the manufacturers
would recover the materials
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2443
13:39
and change the light fittings
when we had more efficient products.
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3161
并用更高效的产品改变灯具的性能。
13:42
What if packaging was so nontoxic
it could dissolve in water
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3297
如果包装可溶于水并无毒,
13:45
and we could ultimately drink it?
It would never become waste.
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3112
最后还能被喝掉呢?
它就永远不会变成废品。
13:49
What if engines were re-manufacturable,
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2113
如果引擎可以重新制造呢?
我们就可以回收组件材料,
13:51
and we could recover
the component materials
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2275
13:53
and significantly reduce energy demand.
275
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2230
从而显著降低能源需求。
13:55
What if we could recover components
from circuit boards, reutilize them,
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3440
如果我们可以从电路板回收部件,
并重新利用,
然后经过第二阶段
13:59
and then fundamentally recover
the materials within them
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2663
从根本上回收其中的材料呢?
14:01
through a second stage?
278
841823
1402
14:03
What if we could collect
food waste, human waste?
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2292
如果我们可以收集食品垃圾,
人类排泄物呢?
14:05
What if we could turn that
into fertilizer, heat, energy,
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3181
如果我们可以把他们转化成肥料,
热和其他能源,
14:08
ultimately reconnecting nutrients systems
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2996
并最终把整个营养系统联系起来
14:11
and rebuilding natural capital?
282
851694
3111
重建自然资本呢?
14:14
And cars -- what we want
is to move around.
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854805
2902
还有汽车——
我们需要的只是变换地点。
14:17
We don't need to own
the materials within them.
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2643
我们并不需要去拥有这些材料。
14:20
Could cars become a service
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1639
汽车可以成为一种服务,
14:21
and provide us with
mobility in the future?
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2554
并在未来为我们提供移动性吗?
14:25
All of this sounds amazing, but these
aren't just ideas, they're real today,
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865033
4197
这些听起来很神奇,
但它们不再只是想法,如今已经实现了,
14:29
and these lie at the forefront
of the circular economy.
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2720
而且位于循环经济的最前沿。
14:31
What lies before us is to expand them
and scale them up.
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871950
4504
我们面临是要如何扩展他们并规模化。
14:36
So how would you shift
from linear to circular?
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2975
所以,要如何将线性经济
转向循环经济?
14:39
Well, the team and I at the foundation
thought you might want to work
291
879899
3296
我和我的团队基本的想法是
也许可以跟世界的顶尖大学合作,
14:43
with the top universities in the world,
292
883195
1874
与全球的尖端企业合作,
14:45
with leading businesses within the world,
293
885069
2020
跟世界上最大的集合平台合作,
14:47
with the biggest convening
platforms in the world,
294
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2348
还有政府。
14:49
and with governments.
295
889437
1002
14:50
We thought you might want
to work with the best analysts
296
890439
2620
我们认为你也许想和
世界上最好的分析师工作,
并问他们一些问题,
14:53
and ask them the question,
297
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1254
“可循环经济能够挣脱资源约束吗?
14:54
"Can the circular economy decouple
growth from resource constraints?
298
894313
3201
14:57
Is the circular economy able
to rebuild natural capital?
299
897514
3622
可循环经济能重建自然资本吗?
15:01
Could the circular economy
replace current chemical fertilizer use?"
300
901136
3645
可循环经济能取代现在的化肥吗?”
15:04
Yes was the answer to the decoupling,
301
904781
2346
答案是,是的,
而且是的,我们还可以取代现代化肥,
15:07
but also yes, we could replace
current fertilizer use
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3018
并实现惊人的2.7倍的效果。
15:10
by a staggering 2.7 times.
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3785
但是循环经济激发我最多的是,
15:14
But what inspired me most
about the circular economy
304
914690
2560
15:17
was its ability to inspire young people.
305
917250
2989
它能给年轻人带来启发。
15:20
When young people see the economy
through a circular lens,
306
920779
3135
当年轻人通过循环透镜
看经济的时候,
15:23
they see brand new opportunities
on exactly the same horizon.
307
923914
4536
他们以同样的眼界看到了全新的机会。
他们可以用自己的创造力和知识
15:28
They can use their creativity
and knowledge
308
928488
2605
15:31
to rebuild the entire system,
309
931093
2387
来重建整个系统,
而且现在就可以采取行动,
15:33
and it's there for the taking right now,
310
933480
2113
15:35
and the faster we do this, the better.
311
935593
2456
越早越好。
15:38
So could we achieve this
in their lifetimes?
312
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3070
那么我们可以在有生之年实现这些吗?
这真的可能吗?
15:41
Is it actually possible?
313
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2136
我相信这是可能的。
15:43
I believe yes.
314
943255
1510
看看我曾祖父的一生,
什么都有可能发生。
15:45
When you look at the lifetime of
my great-grandfather, anything's possible.
315
945105
3839
他出生时,世界上只有25辆汽车;
15:49
When he was born, there were only
25 cars in the world;
316
949574
3736
15:53
they had only just been invented.
317
953310
2430
这些汽车也才刚被发明。
15:55
When he was 14, we flew
for the first time in history.
318
955740
3931
他14岁时,
我们实现了历史上第一次飞行。
15:59
Now there are 100,000 charter flights
319
959671
2489
而现在每一天就有10万正常的航班
16:02
every single day.
320
962160
1946
飞来飞去。
他45岁的时候,
我们建造了第一台计算机,
16:04
When he was 45, we built
the first computer.
321
964106
3994
许多人说计算机不会流行起来,
但他们错了,而且仅仅20年后,
16:08
Many said it wouldn't catch on,
but it did, and just 20 years later
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968100
3157
16:11
we turned it into a microchip
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971257
2021
我们就把它变成了一个微芯片,
16:13
of which there will be thousands
in this room here today.
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973278
4202
今天仅在这个房间里
就有成千上万个。
16:17
Ten years before he died,
we built the first mobile phone.
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977480
2879
他去世的10年前,
我们有了第一个移动电话。
16:20
It wasn't that mobile, to be fair,
326
980359
1974
老实说,
那时候其实不怎么移动,
16:22
but now it really is,
327
982333
1974
但现在真的是移动的了,
在我曾祖父去世的时候,
互联网出现了。
16:24
and as my great-grandfather
left this Earth, the Internet arrived.
328
984307
3970
现在,我们可以做任何事情,
16:28
Now we can do anything,
329
988277
2113
16:30
but more importantly,
330
990390
1280
但更重要是,
16:31
now we have a plan.
331
991670
2315
现在我们有了个计划。
16:33
Thank you.
332
993985
2005
谢谢。
(掌声)
16:36
(Applause)
333
996640
8641
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