Abha Dawesar: Life in the "digital now"

158,276 views ・ 2013-10-30

TED


请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。

翻译人员: dahong zhang 校对人员: Coco Shen
00:12
I was in New York during Hurricane Sandy,
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当飓风桑迪来袭时,我正在纽约
00:14
and this little white dog called Maui
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和一只名叫毛伊的小白狗
00:17
was staying with me.
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待在一起
00:18
Half the city was dark because of a power cut,
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由于停电,半个城市处于黑暗中
00:21
and I was living on the dark side.
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我当时就在黑暗(停电)的这一边
00:23
Now, Maui was terrified of the dark,
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毛伊非常怕黑
00:25
so I had to carry him up the stairs,
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我只好把它抱上楼
00:27
actually down the stairs first, for his walk,
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实际上是先带下楼去遛
00:30
and then bring him back up.
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再把它抱回来
00:32
I was also hauling gallons of bottles of water
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我每天还要将数加仑的瓶装水
00:35
up to the seventh floor every day.
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艰难地拖到七楼
00:37
And through all of this,
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而且同时
00:39
I had to hold a torch between my teeth.
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我还得牙咬着手电照明。
00:41
The stores nearby were out of flashlights
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附近商店里的手电筒,电池
00:44
and batteries and bread.
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和面包早已售罄
00:47
For a shower, I walked 40 blocks
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为了洗个澡,我得走40个路口
00:50
to a branch of my gym.
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到一个健身中心去。
00:51
But these were not the major preoccupations of my day.
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但这些并不是我一天中最重要的任务
00:55
It was just as critical for me to be the first person in
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对我来说同样重要的还有能否第一个
00:58
at a cafe nearby with extension cords and chargers
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带上充电线到附近的一家咖啡馆
01:01
to juice my multiple devices.
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给我的多个设备充电。
01:03
I started to prospect under the benches of bakeries
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我开始寻找面包店长椅下
01:06
and the entrances of pastry shops for plug points.
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和糕点店入口处的那些插座
01:09
I wasn't the only one.
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我并不是唯一一个
01:11
Even in the rain, people stood between Madison and 5th Avenue
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即使下着雨,也有人打着雨伞站在
01:15
under their umbrellas charging their cell phones
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麦迪逊和第五大道之间的街边插座旁
01:17
from outlets on the street.
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等着自己的手机充电
01:19
Nature had just reminded us
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大自然提醒着我们
01:21
that it was stronger than all our technology,
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它比所有的技术来的强大
01:24
and yet here we were, obsessed about being wired.
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但我们仍然沉迷于上网。
01:27
I think there's nothing like a crisis
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我认为没有什么能够比一场危机
01:29
to tell you what's really important and what's not,
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更能告诉你事物的轻重缓急
01:32
and Sandy made me realize that our devices
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飓风桑迪使我认识到我们的电子设备
01:36
and their connectivity matter to us
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及其通讯功能对我的重要程度
01:38
right up there with food and shelter.
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就如食物和住所一般
01:42
The self as we once knew it no longer exists,
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我们所熟知的一部分自己已经不复存在
01:46
and I think that an abstract, digital universe
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而一个抽象的数字的世界
01:48
has become a part of our identity,
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已经成为了我们身份的一部分
01:51
and I want to talk to you about what I think that means.
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我想谈谈这意味着什么
01:55
I'm a novelist, and I'm interested in the self
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我是一个小说家,我对关于“自我”的话题感兴趣
01:58
because the self and fiction have a lot in common.
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因为“自我”和小说有很多共同点
02:00
They're both stories, interpretations.
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他们都属于一种故事和诠释
02:04
You and I can experience things without a story.
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你和我可以不通过故事体验事情
02:06
We might run up the stairs too quickly
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我们可能爬楼梯爬得太快
02:08
and we might get breathless.
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我们可能呼吸困难
02:10
But the larger sense that we have of our lives,
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但我们越是深入地感受我们的生活
02:12
the slightly more abstract one, is indirect.
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就越是感受到其抽象和不直接
02:16
Our story of our life is based on direct experience,
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我们关于生活的故事都来自于经历
02:19
but it's embellished.
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但是修饰过的
02:21
A novel needs scene after scene to build,
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小说需要一个接一个的场景来完成
02:24
and the story of our life needs an arc as well.
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我们生活的故事同样需要一道时间跨度
02:27
It needs months and years.
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需要数月甚至数年的
02:29
Discrete moments from our lives are its chapters.
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独立生活场景来组成一个个章节
02:32
But the story is not about these chapters.
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但故事并不是仅仅是这些章节
02:35
It's the whole book.
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而是整整一本书
02:37
It's not only about the heartbreak and the happiness,
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不仅仅是伤心和愉悦
02:40
the victories and the disappointments,
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也不仅仅是胜利和失望
02:43
but it's because how because of these,
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而是所有的前因后果
02:45
and sometimes, more importantly, in spite of these,
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有时候,也许更加重要的是,尽管有此种种
02:48
we find our place in the world
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我们寻找自己在世界中的位置
02:50
and we change it and we change ourselves.
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然后改变这个位置,改变自我
02:53
Our story, therefore, needs two dimensions of time:
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我们的故事,因此,需要一个二维的时间轴:
02:56
a long arc of time that is our lifespan,
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一个是我们整个的生命
02:59
and the timeframe of direct experience
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以及另一个就是直接经历的时间片段
03:02
that is the moment.
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便是某个时刻
03:03
Now the self that experiences directly
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现在直接经历的那个“自我”
03:06
can only exist in the moment,
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只存在于某个时刻
03:07
but the one that narrates needs several moments,
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但一个故事需要多个时刻组成
03:10
a whole sequence of them,
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多个有序的时刻
03:12
and that's why our full sense of self
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这就是为何完整的“自我”认识
03:15
needs both immersive experience
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同时包括深入地体验
03:18
and the flow of time.
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和时间的流逝
03:20
Now, the flow of time is embedded in everything,
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时间的流逝镌刻于每一件事情中
03:23
in the erosion of a grain of sand,
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无论是一粒沙尘的消逝
03:26
in the budding of a little bud into a rose.
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还是一朵玫瑰的缓缓绽放
03:29
Without it, we would have no music.
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没有时间的流逝,我们无法获得音乐
03:32
Our own emotions and state of mind
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我们自己的情绪和意识
03:34
often encode time,
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往往同时间紧密相连
03:36
regret or nostalgia about the past,
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无论是对过去的悔恨或怀念
03:39
hope or dread about the future.
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或是对未来的希望和担心
03:42
I think that technology has altered that flow of time.
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我认为科技已经改变的时间的流逝
03:46
The overall time that we have for our narrative,
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我们人生中用在叙事上的时间
03:49
our lifespan, has been increasing,
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增加了
03:51
but the smallest measure, the moment, has shrunk.
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但时间的片段和瞬间,却简短了
03:54
It has shrunk because our instruments enable us
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因为我们的设备让我们
03:56
in part to measure smaller and smaller units of time,
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能够度量越来越小的时间片段
04:00
and this in turn has given us a more granular understanding
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这反过来又给了我们一个更细粒度的理解
04:03
of the material world,
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物质世界
04:05
and this granular understanding
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这种细粒度的理解
04:06
has generated reams of data
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产生了大量的数据
04:08
that our brains can no longer comprehend
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我们的大脑不能处理了
04:11
and for which we need more and more complicated computers.
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这就导致我们需要越来越复杂的电脑。
04:14
All of this to say that the gap
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这一切就是说明
04:17
between what we can perceive and what we can measure
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我们可以理解世界的和我们可以度量的世界之间的鸿沟
04:19
is only going to widen.
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越来越大了。
04:21
Science can do things with and in a picosecond,
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科技可以实现在皮秒(百亿分之一秒)下完成工作,
04:24
but you and I are never going to have the inner experience
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可是你我却没有可能感受到
04:27
of a millionth of a millionth of a second.
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百万分之百万分之一秒。
04:30
You and I answer only to nature's rhythm and flow,
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你我,只能感受到自然的变化节奏,
04:34
to the sun, the moon and the seasons,
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太阳,月亮,季节
04:37
and this is why we need that long arc of time
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这需要很长的时间跨度
04:40
with the past, the present and the future
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包括过去,现在和未来
04:42
to see things for what they are,
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分清事物,
04:44
to separate signal from noise
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从噪声中剥离出信号
04:46
and the self from sensations.
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从感觉中辨析“自我”。
04:48
We need time's arrow to understand cause and effect,
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我们需要时间箭头的方向辨析因果,
04:52
not just in the material world,
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不仅在物质世界里,
04:53
but in our own intentions and our motivations.
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还在我们自己的内在世界。
04:57
What happens when that arrow goes awry?
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时间箭头的方向出错了会如何?
05:01
What happens when time warps?
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时间扭曲了会如何?
05:04
So many of us today have the sensation
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我们现今有许多感觉
05:06
that time's arrow is pointing everywhere
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时间箭头指向了所有方向
05:08
and nowhere at once.
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同时又没有指向任何方向。
05:11
This is because time doesn't flow in the digital world
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这是因为数字世界中时间
05:13
in the same way that it does in the natural one.
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不会像在现实世界中一样流淌。
05:17
We all know that the Internet has shrunk space
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我们知道互联网拉近了空间
05:20
as well as time.
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和时间。
05:21
Far away over there is now here.
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遥远的地方就在身边。
05:24
News from India is a stream on my smartphone app
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来自印度的消息流入我的智能手机应用程序
05:26
whether I'm in New York or New Delhi.
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不管我在纽约还是在新德里。
05:29
And that's not all.
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这还不是全部。
05:31
Your last job, your dinner reservations from last year,
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你上一份工作,你去年的订餐记录,
05:33
your former friends, lie on a flat plain with today's friends,
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你以前的朋友,和现如今的朋友并排在一个屏幕上,
05:36
because the Internet also archives,
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因为互联网会存档,
05:38
and it warps the past.
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它扭曲了过去。
05:40
With no distinction left between the past,
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没法区分过去,
05:42
the present and the future, and the here or there,
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现在和未来,此处和彼处,
05:46
we are left with this moment everywhere,
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我们这一刻无处不在,
05:50
this moment that I'll call the digital now.
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这一刻,我称之为“数字当下”
05:52
Just how can we prioritize
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我们如何在“数字当下”中
05:54
in the landscape of the digital now?
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区分优先级呢?
05:56
This digital now is not the present,
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“数字当下”不是现在,
05:58
because it's always a few seconds ahead,
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因为它总是超前几秒,
06:00
with Twitter streams that are already trending
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推特推送了来自
06:02
and news from other time zones.
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其它时区的新闻。
06:04
This isn't the now of a shooting pain in your foot
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“数字当下”不再是现在,有切肤之感、
06:07
or the second that you bite into a pastry
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或者品味糕点的时刻、
06:09
or the three hours that you lose yourself in a great book.
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或者是三个小时流连于好书中间。
06:13
This now bears very little physical
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“数字当下”很少参照我们自身
06:15
or psychological reference to our own state.
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生理或心理的状态。
06:18
Its focus, instead, is to distract us
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“数字当下”使我们
06:20
at every turn on the road.
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在每个路口分心。
06:22
Every digital landmark is an invitation
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每个数字路标都是一个岔路
06:24
to leave what you are doing now to go somewhere else
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会使我们到其它地方去
06:26
and do something else.
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做其它事。
06:28
Are you reading an interview by an author?
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你在阅读作者的专访吗?
06:30
Why not buy his book? Tweet it. Share it.
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为什么不买他的书?推特上转发它,共享它。
06:33
Like it. Find other books exactly like his.
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顶它。找类似的图书。
06:35
Find other people reading those books.
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找那些正在阅读此类书的读者。
06:38
Travel can be liberating,
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旅行(网上冲浪)是自由的,
06:40
but when it is incessant, we become
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但当它变得不停不歇,
06:42
permanent exiles without repose.
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我们就变成了永久的流亡者,没有些许喘息。
06:44
Choice is freedom, but not when it's constantly
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选择是自由的,但无时无刻的选择就
06:47
for its own sake.
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不是自由了。
06:49
Not just is the digital now far from the present,
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"数字当下"不仅远离现在,
06:52
but it's in direct competition with it,
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而且它也在于现在竞争,
06:54
and this is because not just am I absent from it,
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这不仅仅是因为我脱离了现在,
06:57
but so are you.
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而且你们也是。
06:58
Not just are we absent from it, but so is everyone else.
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不仅是因为我们脱离了现在,每个其他人都是。
07:01
And therein lies its greatest convenience and horror.
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这就是最大的便利和恐怖所在
07:04
I can order foreign language books in the middle of the night,
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我可以在午夜订外文书,
07:07
shop for Parisian macarons,
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买巴黎的法国小圆饼,
07:09
and leave video messages that get picked up later.
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留视频信息,稍后接收。
07:11
At all times, I can operate
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在任何时候,我可以
07:13
at a different rhythm and pace from you,
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以与你不同的节奏和速度操作,
07:16
while I sustain the illusion
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当我还沉浸在这样
07:17
that I'm tapped into you in real time.
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与你们实时互动的幻境中的时候。
07:21
Sandy was a reminder
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桑迪飓风提醒了我们
07:23
of how such an illusion can shatter.
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幻境可以被粉碎。
07:25
There were those with power and water,
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居所分为有水有电的
07:27
and those without.
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和没有的。
07:28
There are those who went back to their lives,
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有些人回到他们的生活,
07:30
and those who are still displaced
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经过许多个月
07:32
after so many months.
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还有些人仍然无法上网。
07:35
For some reason, technology seems to perpetuate
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出于某种原因,技术似乎给我们一种
07:37
the illusion for those who have it that everyone does,
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每个人都拥有一样条件的幻觉,
07:41
and then, like an ironic slap in the face,
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然后,一个讽刺的耳光,
07:44
it makes it true.
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它现出原形。
07:46
For example, it's said that there are more people
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例如:据说在印度
07:47
in India with access to cell phones than toilets.
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有手机的人比有抽水马桶的人多。
07:50
Now if this rift, which is already so great
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这样的鸿沟,已经如此巨大
07:53
in many parts of the world,
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在世界很多地方,
07:54
between the lack of infrastructure and the spread of technology,
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那里往往缺少基础设施,
07:58
isn't somehow bridged,
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但技术进步的脚步已经捷足先登。
07:59
there will be ruptures between the digital
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但假如这两者之间的鸿沟不被连接的话,
08:01
and the real.
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将会带来巨大的断层。
08:04
For us as individuals who live in the digital now
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对于我们那些醒着的时间
08:07
and spend most of our waking moments in it,
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生活在“数字当下”中的人,
08:10
the challenge is to live in two streams of time
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挑战在于生活在
08:12
that are parallel and almost simultaneous.
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两个并行同时存在的时间流中。
08:15
How does one live inside distraction?
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一个人如何生活在分心中?
08:19
We might think that those younger than us,
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我们也许会想年轻人会比我们好些,
08:21
those who are born into this, will adapt more naturally.
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他们出生于数字时代,会自然的适应。
08:24
Possibly, but I remember my childhood.
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也许,但是我记起了我的童年。
08:28
I remember my grandfather revising
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我记得我祖父告诉我
08:29
the capitals of the world with me.
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世界各地的首都。
08:32
Buda and Pest were separated by the Danube,
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布达和佩斯(布达佩斯)是被多瑙河分割开的,
08:34
and Vienna had a Spanish riding school.
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维也纳有个西班牙马术学校。
08:37
If I were a child today, I could easily learn this information
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如果我是当下的小孩子,我会很快知道这些信息
08:40
with apps and hyperlinks,
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利用互联网,
08:42
but it really wouldn't be the same,
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但体验绝不会是相同的,
08:44
because much later, I went to Vienna,
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因为,多年后,去维也纳,
08:46
and I went to the Spanish riding school,
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我去了那间西班牙马术学校,
08:48
and I could feel my grandfather right beside me.
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我感觉我祖父就在我身边。
08:52
Night after night, he took me up on the terrace,
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夜复一夜,他带我到阳台上,
08:54
on his shoulders, and pointed out Jupiter
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在他的肩膀上,指点我木星
08:57
and Saturn and the Great Bear to me.
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土星和大熊星座。
09:00
And even here, when I look at the Great Bear,
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即使在这里,当我看到大熊星座时,
09:03
I get back that feeling of being a child,
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我会回想起小时候,
09:06
hanging onto his head and trying to balance myself
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在他头顶上,努力
09:08
on his shoulder,
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在他肩膀上保持平衡,
09:10
and I can get back that feeling of being a child again.
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我能再次回想到小时候。
09:13
What I had with my grandfather was wrapped
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我和我的祖父的过往
09:16
so often in information and knowledge and fact,
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夹杂着信息和知识和事实,
09:19
but it was about so much more
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但这些意味着更多
09:21
than information or knowledge or fact.
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超越信息和知识和事实。
09:25
Time-warping technology challenges
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时间扭曲技术
09:27
our deepest core,
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挑战我们最深层的内核,
09:29
because we are able to archive the past
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因为我们可以记录过去
09:33
and some of it becomes hard to forget,
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有些东西变得难以忘却,
09:36
even as the current moment
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即使在当下
09:39
is increasingly unmemorable.
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越来越不容易记住。
09:41
We want to clutch, and we are left instead
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我们希望抓住关键时刻,取而代之我们希望抓住关键时刻的
09:44
clutching at a series of static moments.
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变成了一串静止时刻。
09:47
They're like soap bubbles that disappear when we touch them.
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它们象肥皂泡,我们一触即破。
09:49
By archiving everything, we think that we can store it,
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通过存档,我们认为我们可以保存有一切,
09:52
but time is not data.
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但时间不是数据。
09:54
It cannot be stored.
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它不能被保存。
09:56
You and I know exactly what it means like
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你和我知道这意味着什么
09:58
to be truly present in a moment.
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确实的在某一时刻。
10:00
It might have happened while we were
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它(记住的关键时刻)可能发生在
10:01
playing an instrument,
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我们演奏乐器时,
10:03
or looking into the eyes of someone we've known
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或者注视一个我们熟知人的
10:05
for a very long time.
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眼睛时。
10:07
At such moments, our selves are complete.
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在这些时刻,我们自己是完整的。
10:10
The self that lives in the long narrative arc
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“自我”生活在漫长的情节
10:12
and the self that experiences the moment
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“自我”体验的时刻,
10:14
become one.
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成为自我。
10:16
The present encapsulates the past
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当下包含过去,
10:18
and a promise for the future.
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是对未来的一个承诺。
10:20
The present joins a flow of time
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当下汇聚流失的时间
10:22
from before and after.
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从过去和之后。
10:24
I first experienced these feelings with my grandmother.
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我第一次体验到它是和我的祖母。
10:28
I wanted to learn to skip, and she found an old rope
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我想学会跳绳,她找出一条老绳
10:30
and she tucked up her sari
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把纱丽扎起来
10:31
and she jumped over it.
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然后跳了过去。
10:33
I wanted to learn to cook, and she kept me in the kitchen,
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我想学做菜,她就和我
10:36
cutting, cubing and chopping for a whole month.
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在厨房里切了一个月的菜。
10:40
My grandmother taught me that things happen
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我的祖母教会了我事情发生在
10:42
in the time they take, that time can't be fought,
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它们占用的时间上, 时间不可战胜,
10:46
and because it will pass and it will move,
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1833
因为时间是时不我待的,
10:48
we owe the present moment our full attention.
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我们拥有现在用我们的注意力
10:51
Attention is time.
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注意力、关心就是时间。
10:54
One of my yoga instructors once said
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我的一位瑜伽老师曾说过
10:56
that love is attention,
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爱就是关注,
10:58
and definitely from my grandmother,
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1834
确实从我祖母那里我学到
11:00
love and attention were one and the same thing.
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爱便等同于关注。
11:04
The digital world cannibalizes time,
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数字世界吞噬时间,
11:07
and in doing so, I want to suggest
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有鉴于此,我建议
11:10
that what it threatens
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数字世界
11:12
is the completeness of ourselves.
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2430
威胁的是我们自身的完整性。
11:14
It threatens the flow of love.
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它威胁到爱的流淌。
11:17
But we don't need to let it.
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不过我们可以不让它发生。
11:19
We can choose otherwise.
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我们可以选择。
11:20
We've seen again and again
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2077
我们已经看了许多遍
11:22
just how creative technology can be,
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2230
创新技术的能耐,
11:24
and in our lives and in our actions,
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2240
在我们的生活中和行为中,
11:27
we can choose those solutions and those innovations
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我们可以选择这些创新
11:31
and those moments that restore the flow of time
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同时这些时刻我们可以记下时间流淌
11:34
instead of fragmenting it.
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而不是存储时间碎片。
11:37
We can slow down and we can tune in
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我们可以慢放,我们可以对焦
11:40
to the ebb and flow of time.
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时间的流淌和潮汐
11:43
We can choose to take time back.
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我们可以选择夺回”时间“
11:47
Thank you.
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谢谢!
11:49
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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