Jay Silver: Hack a banana, make a keyboard!

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

翻译人员: Tony Yet 校对人员: Samson Zhong

Hey guys.

嗨，大家好

It's funny, someone just mentioned MacGyver,

很有趣，刚才有人提到百战天龙

because that was, like, I loved it,

因为我特别喜欢这节目

and when I was seven, I taped a fork to a drill

七岁时，我用胶带把叉子捆在钻孔机上

and I was like, "Hey, Mom, I'm going to Olive Garden."

然后说：「妈，我要去橄榄园义式餐厅！」

And -- (Drilling noise) (Laughter)

然后--（钻孔声）（笑声）

And it worked really well there.

这装置很适合用在这啊!

And you know, it had a profound effect on me.

这事改变了我的看法，

It sounds silly, but I thought, okay,

虽然听起来有点儿傻，但我想，好吧！

the way the world works can be changed,

世界的运行的方式是可以改变的

and it can be changed by me in these small ways.

而且我个人就能作些小改变

And my relationship to

尤其是我看待周边

especially human-made objects

那些人造的东西

which someone else said they work like this,

别人说它们是这样运作的

well, I can say they work a different way, a little bit.

但我说它们有不同的用法

And so, about 20 years later,

事隔大概20年后

I didn't realize the full effect of this,

我还没察觉这想法对我的影响

but I went to Costa Rica

and I stayed with these Guaymí natives there,

就到哥斯达黎加去了

在那里和圭米族(Guaymí)相处了一阵子

and they could pull leaves off of trees and make shingles out of them,

他们能用摘下来的树叶做成瓦片

and they could make beds out of trees,

也能用树做出床

and they could -- I watched this woman for three days.

他们还能─我曾三天都在观察一名妇女

I was there. She was peeling this palm frond apart,

我当场看着她剥棕榈叶

these little threads off of it, and she'd roll the threads together

从中抽丝揉合

and make little thicker threads, like strings,

搓成像绳子一样较粗的线，

and she would weave the strings together,

然后她把线织在一起

and as the materiality of this exact very bag

我拿的袋子就是那种材料做的

formed before my eyes over those three days,

那三天我目睹了制程

the materiality of the way the world works,

世界运作的方式及现实的实际面

of reality, kind of started to unravel in my mind,

在我脑中因而多少有些头绪

because I realized that this bag and these clothes

我意识到这袋子及我身上的衣服

and the trampoline you have at home and the pencil sharpener,

还有家里的弹跳床和削笔机

everything you have is made out of either a tree or a rock

我们手边的东西都是从木石中取材

or something we dug out of the ground and did some process to,

或加工出土物制成

maybe a more complicated one, but still, everything was made that way.

也许有更复杂的，但方法都一样

And so I had to start studying,

于是我不禁思索

who is it that's making these decisions?

是谁决定这些事呢？

Who's making these things? How did they make them?

这些是谁造的？怎么做到的呢？

What stops us from making them?

为何我们后来不做了呢？

Because this is how reality is created.

好像现实就是如此形成的

So I started right away. I was at MIT Media Lab,

所以我便立刻着手，当时在MIT的媒体实验室

and I was studying the maker movement

我正在研究研究「创客运动」

and makers and creativity.

还有创客和创造力

And I started in nature, because I saw these Guaymís

因见识过圭米族人在大自然中的能耐

doing it in nature, and there just seems to be less barriers.

且似乎比较没阻碍，我便从那开始

So I went to Vermont to Not Back to School Camp,

我到佛蒙特州的「自学营」(Not Back to School Camp)

where there's unschoolers who are just kind of hanging out

那里自主学习的学生自己找事做

and willing to try anything.

并且愿意尝试任何事

So I said, "Let's go into the woods near this stream

我就说：「咱们去溪边的树林吧

and just put stuff together, you know, make something,

把东西组合在一起作点什么

I don't care, geometrical shapes, just grab some junk from around you.

任何形状都行，从身边就地取材就好，

We won't bring anything with us.

咱们什么都不带。」

And, like, within minutes, this is very easy for adults

这对成人和青少年都很容易

也就几分钟而已

and teens to do.

Here's a triangle that was being formed underneath a flowing stream,

就有人在溪流底下做出一个三角形

and the shape of an oak leaf being made

还有许多小片橡树叶

by other small oak leaves being put together.

组成的橡树叶

A leaf tied to a stick with a blade of grass.

一片用草绑在树枝上的叶子

The materiality and fleshiness and meat of the mushroom

把东西插入蘑菇，观察其承载量

being explored by how it can hold up different objects being stuck into it.

以此检验其的肉质、组织和物质特性

And after about 45 minutes, you get really intricate projects

45分钟之后，成果变得更精巧了

like leaves sorted by hue, so you get a color fade

像以色阶排列叶子呈现色差

and put in a circle like a wreath.

并围成一个花环

And the creator of this, he said,

制作的男同学说:

"This is fire. I call this fire."

「这是火，我把它叫做火」

And someone asked him, "How do you get those sticks

有人问他，「你是怎么把树枝

to stay on that tree?"

固定在这树上的？

And he's like, "I don't know, but I can show you."

他说道：“我無從解释，但我可以做给你看。」

And I'm like, "Wow, that's really amazing.

我说：「哇，那真是不可思议。」

He doesn't know, but he can show you."

他不会解释，但能示范

So his hands know and his intuition knows,

会操作且凭直觉就行

but sometimes what we know gets in the way

但有时候我们的知识反成成为了我们的局限

of what could be, especially

减低了本有的可能性

when it comes to the human-made, human-built world.

对所有人造物而言尤其如此

We think we already know how something works,

我们自认已明白事物如何运作

so we can't imagine how it could work.

因此很难想象其他可能

We know how it's supposed to work,

正因为我们知道常态

so we can't suppose all the things that could be possible.

因此不太会假设其它可能

So kids don't have as hard of a time with this,

不过小孩子比较没这种困扰

and I saw in my own son, I gave him this book.

我儿子就是如此，我给他这本书

I'm a good hippie dad, so I'm like,

我是个不错的嬉皮老爹

我对他说：「好!你要学着爱月亮(书名)

"Okay, you're going to learn to love the moon.

I'm going to give you some building blocks

我会给你一些像仙人掌的积木

and they're nonrectilinear cactus building blocks,

而不是那种方方正正的

so it's totally legit."

而这没什么好奇怪的」

But he doesn't really know what to do with these.

但他不很明白要拿积木做什么

I didn't show him.

我没示范给他看

And so he's like, "Okay, I'll just mess around with this."

所以他想，「恩，我姑且乱试」

This is no different than the sticks are to the teens in the forest.

这跟刚才提过的自学少年与树枝一样

Just going to try to put them in shapes

先试着拼凑形状

and push on them and stuff.

然后再进一步尝试其他的

And before long, he's kind of got this mechanism

他不久便做出这个机关

where you can almost launch and catapult objects around,

可任意把东西弹射出去

and he enlists us in helping him.

然后他要我们帮他

And at this point, I'm starting to wonder,

从那时起我就在想

what kind of tools can we give people,

我们可以给人们什么样的工具

especially adults, who know too much,

特别是懂很多的成人

so that they can see the world as malleable,

好让他们明白，世界并非一成不变

so they see themselves as agents of change

所以在日常生活中

in their everyday lives.

自己就能促成改变

Because the most advanced scientists are really

其实最伟大的科学家

就有点像是在改变这世界

just kind of pushing the way the world itself works,

pushing what matter can do,

还有物质的功能

the most advanced artists are just pushing the medium,

最前卫的艺术家则以不同方式表达

and any sufficiently complicated task,

复杂的事情

whether you're a cook or a carpenter or you're raising a child --

不管你是厨师、木匠，还是抚养孩子－－

anything that's complicated --

任何复杂的事情――

comes up with problems that aren't solved in the middle of it,

都会出现当下无法解决的问题

and you can't do a good job getting it done unless you can say,

你没法做好，除非你这样告诉自己：

"Okay, well we're just going to have to refigure this.

「好吧！我们必须要换个角度想。

I don't care that pencils are supposed to be for writing.

铅笔原本的书写功能对我不重要

I'm going to use them a different way."

对我而言另有用途。」

So let me show you a little demo.

让我示范给你们看

This is a little piano circuit right in here,

就在这有小型的钢琴电路板

and this is an ordinary paintbrush

这是一支普通的笔刷

that I smashed it together with. (Beeping)

我把两者结合在一起（哔哔声）

And so, with some ketchup,

再加上点西红柿酱

— (musical notes) —

―（乐音）―

and then I can kind of

然后就可以......

— (musical notes) —

――（颤音）――

(Laughter) (Applause)

（笑声）（掌声）

And that's awesome, right?

那很酷，对吧？

But this is not what's awesome.

但酷的不是这个

What's awesome is what happens

其他人用你给的电路板

when you give the piano circuit to people.

所作的发挥才是最棒的

A pencil is not just a pencil.

铅笔不仅仅是铅笔

Look what it has in the middle of it.

看看里面有什么

That's a wire running down the middle,

有一根电线从中贯穿

and not only is it a wire,

这根电线可不简单

if you take that piano circuit, you can thumbtack

如果把钢琴电路板

into the middle of a pencil,

钉上铅笔笔身

and you can lay out wire on the page, too,

就可在纸上规划电路

and get electrical current to run through it.

让电流通过。

And so you can kind of hack a pencil,

只需把一小片钢琴电路板钉上

just by thumbtacking into it with a little piano electrical circuit.

你就可改造铅笔

And the electricity runs through your body too.

人体也能导电

And then you can take the little piano circuit off the pencil.

拆下铅笔上的钢琴电路板

You can make one of these brushes just on the fly.

就能当场制作这样的刷子

All you do is connect to the bristles,

只需连接刷毛

and the bristles are wet, so they conduct,

湿毛刷可导电

and the person's body conducts,

人体也是

and leather is great to paint on,

皮料是不错的画布

and then you can start hooking to everything,

然后你就可连接所有东西了

even the kitchen sink.

甚至是厨房的水槽

The metal in the sink is conductive.

水槽的金属部分是导电的

Flowing water acts like a theremin or a violin.

水流就像特雷门(theremin)或小提琴的琴弦

(Musical notes)

（乐音）

And you can even hook to the trees.

你甚至可连到树上

Anything in the world is either conductive or not conductive,

世上万物不外导体和绝缘体

and you can use those together.

你大可并用

So — (Laughter) —

所以―（笑声）―

I took this to those same teens, because those teens are

我把这装置介绍给那群自学少年

因为他们很棒，我不试的他们都会做做看

really awesome, and they'll try things that I won't try.

I don't even have access to a facial piercing if I wanted to.

在脸部搞花样就是我望尘莫及的

And this young woman, she made what she called a hula-looper,

这个女孩做了一个「呼啦圈」

and as the hula hoop traveled around her body,

当呼啦圈绕着她转动时

she has a circuit taped to her shirt right there.

她衣服上贴有线路

You can see her pointing to it in the picture.

就在画面中她指的地方

And every time the hula hoop would smush against her body,

因此每次呼啦圈贴着她身体转

it would connect two little pieces of copper tape,

就会让两张铜片彼此接触

and it would make a sound, and the next sound,

依序播出不同的声音

and it would loop the same sounds over and over again.

这样的过程将不断重复

I ran these workshops everywhere.

我在各地办过这样的工作坊

In Taiwan, at an art museum, this 12-year-old girl

在台湾的一间美术馆里，这位12岁的女孩

made a mushroom organ out of some mushrooms that were from Taiwan

用当地蕈菇、绝缘胶带和热熔胶

作出了菌菇风琴

and some electrical tape and hot glue.

And professional designers were making artifacts

专业设计师融合这种线路

with this thing strapped onto it.

创造出各种工艺品

And big companies like Intel

大公司如英特尔

or smaller design firms like Ideo or startups like Bump,

小设计公司如Ideo或Bump这样的新公司

都邀请我办这样的工作坊

were inviting me to give workshops,

just to practice this idea of smashing electronics

让电子科技融合日常用品的想法

and everyday objects together.

得以付诸实践

And then we came up with this idea

然后我们想到这个点子

to not just use electronics,

除了电器用品外

but let's just smash computers with everyday objects

也把电脑与生活用品结合

and see how that goes over.

看看结果如何

And so I just want to do a quick demo.

让我很快地演示一下

So this is the MaKey MaKey circuit,

这是MaKey MaKey电路板

and I'm just going to set it up from the beginning in front of you.

我来架设给你们看

So I'll just plug it in, and now it's on by USB.

接上USB就可以用了

And I'll just hook up the forward arrow.

再连上前进键

You guys are facing that way, so I'll hook it to this one.

大家面朝那，那我就连这个

And I'll just hook up a little ground wire to it.

我再把地线接上

And now, if I touch this piece of pizza,

如果按这片披萨饼

the slides that I showed you before should go forward.

刚才放过的幻灯片就会翻页

And now if I hook up this wire just by connecting it

如果我把这条线接到左箭头键

to the left arrow, I'm kind of programming it by where I hook it up,

变换连接点有点像是作设定

now I have a left arrow and a right arrow,

有了左右箭头键

so I should be able to go forwards and backwards

就应该能翻页了

and forwards and backwards. Awesome.

下一页，上一页，棒极了！

And so we're like, "We gotta put a video out about this."

然后我们想到要有相关的录像

Because no one really believed that this was important

因为除了我和另一个人

or meaningful except me and, like, one other guy.

没人觉得这有意义或有甚么重要性

So we made a video to prove that

所以我们拍了录像

证明可发挥之处不少

there's lots of stuff you can do.

You can kind of sketch with Play-Doh

你可以用培乐多(彩泥)大概捏一下

and just Google for game controllers.

照互联网上控制器的样子去做

Just ordinary Play-Doh, nothing special.

只要普通的彩泥，不需特别的东西

And you can literally draw joysticks

而且操纵杆真的可以用画的

and just find Pacman on your computer and then just hook it up. (Video game noises)

执行计算机的小精灵游戏，接上去就行了（游戏音效）

And you know the little plastic drawers you can get at Target?

Target(商店)卖的那种小塑料抽屉

Well, if you take those out, they hold water great,

如果用上的话，用来盛水挺适合的

but you can totally cut your toes,

但也可能会割断脚趾

so yeah, just be careful.

所以要小心

You know the Happiness Project, where the experts

《幸福计划》一书中的专家

are setting up the piano stairs, and how cool that is?

设计了钢琴阶梯，是不是很棒？

Well, I think it's cool,

我觉得酷毙了！

but we should be doing that stuff ourselves.

但我们应该自己试一下

It shouldn't be a set of experts engineering the way the world works.

世界的规则不应只靠一群专家来规划

We should all be participating

大家都该加入

in changing the way the world works together.

一起改变世界的运作

Aluminum foil. Everybody has a cat.

铝箔纸，还有大家都养过的猫

Get a bowl of water. This is just Photo Booth on your Mac OS.

准备一盆水，你的苹果电脑就成了照相屋

Hover the mouse over the "take a photo" button,

鼠标移到「拍摄」钮

and you've got a little cat photo booth.

俨然就成了迷你小猫照相屋

And so we needed hundreds of people to buy this.

我们需要很多人来购买

If hundreds of people didn't buy this, we couldn't put it on the market.

否则就不能推向市场

And so we put it up on Kickstarter,

于是我们在Kickstarter网站推出

and hundreds of people bought it in the first day.

第一天就有数百人购买

And then 30 days later,

30天后

11,000 people had backed the project.

有一万一千人支持这计划

And then what the best part is, we started getting

而最棒的是此后

a flood of videos in of people doing crazy things with it.

许多人发来充满奇想的视频

So this is "The Star-Spangled Banner" by eating lunch,

以吃午餐演奏美国国歌

including drinking Listerine.

还喝漱口水

And we actually sent this guy materials.

所以我们提供这家伙素材

We're like, "We're sponsoring you, man.

意思是，「伙计，我们赞助你。

You're, like, a pro maker."

你简直就是专业的創客。」

Okay, just wait for this one. This is good.

待会儿有一段很精彩

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Applause)

（掌声）

And these guys at the exploratorium are

这家伙在科学探索馆内

playing house plants as if they were drums.

把室内植物当鼓来敲

And dads and daughters are completing circuits in special ways.

父女用特别的方法连接线路

And then this brother -- look at this diagram.

这老兄……看看这张图

See where it says "sister"?

I love when people put humans on the diagram.

看到写着「妹妹」的地方没?

我喜欢包含「人」的图表

I always add humans to any technical --

我始终让科技结合人的因素

if you're drawing a technical diagram, put a human in it.

如果你要画工程图，把人加进去

And this kid is so sweet. He made this trampoline slideshow advancer for his sister

这孩子很可爱，他为妹妹做了弹跳床冒险的幻灯

好让她在生日那天成为焦点

so that on her birthday, she could be the star of the show,

jumping on the trampoline to advance the slides.

在弹跳床上跳动就能翻动幻灯

And this guy rounded up his dogs and he made a dog piano.

这位仁兄集合宠物形成狗钢琴

And this is fun,

这很逗趣

and what could be more useful than feeling alive and fun?

有什么比生动有趣更有用呢？

But it's also very serious because

但这也有严肃的一面

all this accessibility stuff started coming up,

因为有「可得性」的问题

where people can't use computers, necessarily.

有些人无法使用计算机

Like this dad who wrote us, his son has cerebral palsy

一个爸爸写信给我们，他儿子是脑性麻痹

and he can't use a normal keyboard.

不適用普通键盘

And so his dad couldn't necessarily afford

他也买不起

to buy all these custom controllers.

定制的控制设备

And so, with the MaKey MaKey, he planned to make

他打算用MaKey MaKey

these gloves to allow him to navigate the web.

作一种手套让兒子上网

And a huge eruption of discussion

引起有關「可得性」的热烈讨论

around accessibility came, and we're really excited about that.

对此我们感到非常興奮

We didn't plan for that at all.

这完全出乎意料

And then all these professional musicians started using it,

后来一些专业音乐人也青睐

like at Coachella, just this weekend

比如本周末的科切拉音乐节(the Coachella Festival)

Jurassic 5 was using this onstage,

Jurassic 5 也用它来表演

and this D.J. is just from Brooklyn, right around here,

这位来自附近布鲁克林区的DJ

上个月做了这个表演

and he put this up last month.

And I love the carrot on the turntable.

我颇欣赏那根转盘上的胡萝卜

(Music: Massive Attack — "Teardrop")

（音乐：大举进攻乐队――“眼泪”）

Most people cannot play them that way. (Laughter)

大多数人都没法这样玩(弹)食物（笑声）

And when this started to get serious,

因为人们太过投入

I thought, I'd better put a really serious warning label on the box that this comes in,

我想最好在包装盒上放上严正警告

because otherwise people are going to be getting this

否则人们得到产品后

and they're going to be turning into agents of creative change,

将热衷创新改变

and governments will be crumbling,

政府就会崩坏

and I wouldn't have told people, so I thought I'd better warn them.

之前没提过，因此应警告使用者

And I also put this little surprise. When you open the lid

但也暗藏惊喜，当你打开盒盖

of the box, it says, "The world is a construction kit."

会看到这句:「世界就是一套创造工具箱」

And as you start to mess around this way,

当你开始随兴摸索

I think that, in some small ways, you do start to see

我想你会渐渐明白

the landscape of your everyday life

你的日常生活

a little bit more like something you could express yourself with,

有点像是你展现自我的方式

and a little bit more like you could participate

彷佛酝酿世界的未来

in designing the future of the way the world works.

你也能参与其中

And so next time you're on an escalator

那么下一次坐电扶梯时

and you drop an M&M by accident,

若无意掉落一粒M&M巧克力

you know, maybe that's an M&M surfboard, not an escalator,

也许看到的会是M&M冲浪板，不是电扶梯

so don't pick it up right away.

所以不要急着捡起来

Maybe take some more stuff out of your pockets

也许掏出口袋里的其他东西

and throw it down, and maybe some chapstick, whatever.

扔下去，比如润唇膏之类的

I used to want to design a utopian society

我曾想要筹划一个乌托邦社会

or a perfect world or something like that.

或是完美世界之类的

But as I'm kind of getting older

但随年纪增长

and kind of messing with all this stuff,

接触了这些事物之后

I'm realizing that my idea of a perfect world

我现在知道心目中的完美世界

really can't be designed by one person

确实无法独力完成

or even by a million experts.

恐怕一百万个专家也不行

It's really going to be seven billion pairs of hands,

这要7亿双

each following their own passions,

由热情推动的手

and each kind of like a mosaic coming up

分别在自家后院

and creating this world in their backyards

或是厨房内

and in their kitchens.

共同拼贴出这个世界的样貌

And that's the world I really want to live in.

而那就是我向往的世界

Thank you.

谢谢大家

(Applause)

（掌声）