Jay Silver: Hack a banana, make a keyboard!

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

譯者: Olivia Lo 審譯者: NAN-KUN WU

Hey guys.

嗨，大家好！

It's funny, someone just mentioned MacGyver,

很有趣，有人剛剛提到了馬蓋先

because that was, like, I loved it,

因為我超愛他

and when I was seven, I taped a fork to a drill

七歲的時候，我用膠布把叉子綑在鑽孔機上

and I was like, "Hey, Mom, I'm going to Olive Garden."

然後說：「媽，我要到橄欖園餐廳去。」

And -- (Drilling noise) (Laughter)

然後－－（鑽孔聲）（笑聲）

And it worked really well there.

它運作得挺不錯的

And you know, it had a profound effect on me.

這對我有很深的影響

It sounds silly, but I thought, okay,

聽起來很蠢，但是我那時候想，嗯

the way the world works can be changed,

世界運作的方式也可能被改變

and it can be changed by me in these small ways.

而且能被我用小小的方式改變

And my relationship to

我和事物的關係－－

especially human-made objects

特別是那些人工作出來的東西－－

which someone else said they work like this,

當別人說它們是這樣運作的

well, I can say they work a different way, a little bit.

我則會說它們可以以別的方式運作

And so, about 20 years later,

因此，大約二十年後，

I didn't realize the full effect of this,

我還不知道這件事對我的影響，

but I went to Costa Rica

我去了趟哥斯大黎加

and I stayed with these Guaymí natives there,

和當地的瓜伊米部族住在一起，

and they could pull leaves off of trees and make shingles out of them,

他們會取下樹葉，然後做成屋頂

and they could make beds out of trees,

也會用樹木作床

and they could -- I watched this woman for three days.

還會－－我觀察一名婦女觀察了三天

I was there. She was peeling this palm frond apart,

我在那兒，她把棕櫚葉剝成一條條，

these little threads off of it, and she'd roll the threads together

成了細小的絲線，再將絲線纏在一起

and make little thicker threads, like strings,

作成一條條更粗一些的線，像繩子一樣

and she would weave the strings together,

然後她編織這些細繩，

and as the materiality of this exact very bag

成了這個包包的材料

formed before my eyes over those three days,

就在我眼前，以三天的時間形成，

the materiality of the way the world works,

這個世界運作的方式

of reality, kind of started to unravel in my mind,

現實運作的方式，開始在我腦中清晰起來，

because I realized that this bag and these clothes

因為我發現，這個包包、這些衣物

and the trampoline you have at home and the pencil sharpener,

你家裡的跳床和削鉛筆機，

everything you have is made out of either a tree or a rock

你所擁有的一切，不是由一棵樹製成， 就是從一顆石頭作來

or something we dug out of the ground and did some process to,

要不，便是我們從地下挖出某樣東西， 再經過一些加工得來

maybe a more complicated one, but still, everything was made that way.

也許過程更複雜， 但所有的東西仍是如此製造而成

And so I had to start studying,

所以我就開始研究，

who is it that's making these decisions?

是誰做這些決定的？

Who's making these things? How did they make them?

是誰作出這些東西的？他們又是如何製作的？

What stops us from making them?

為何我們不再製造它們？

Because this is how reality is created.

因為這是現實被創造出來的方式

So I started right away. I was at MIT Media Lab,

所以我立即開始

and I was studying the maker movement

我在MIT媒體研究團隊研究製造者的活動、

and makers and creativity.

製造者本身和創造力

And I started in nature, because I saw these Guaymís

我從大自然起頭，因為我看見 那些瓜伊米人從大自然取材造物

doing it in nature, and there just seems to be less barriers.

而大自然裡似乎較少阻礙

So I went to Vermont to Not Back to School Camp,

我到佛蒙特州的「不返校」營隊

where there's unschoolers who are just kind of hanging out

在那兒有一些沒上學的孩子遊手好閒

and willing to try anything.

卻願意嘗試任何事情

So I said, "Let's go into the woods near this stream

因此我說，我們就到那小河旁的樹林裡頭

and just put stuff together, you know, make something,

把東西兜在一起，作出一些東西

I don't care, geometrical shapes, just grab some junk from around you.

我不管，幾何圖形也好，只要從身旁找一些垃圾

We won't bring anything with us.

我們不帶任何東西

And, like, within minutes, this is very easy for adults

然後，大概幾分鐘內－－

and teens to do.

這對大人和年輕人來說相當容易－－

Here's a triangle that was being formed underneath a flowing stream,

有個三角形便在流水底下形成了

and the shape of an oak leaf being made

還有一個橡木樹葉的圖形

by other small oak leaves being put together.

是由其他小片的橡木樹葉拼湊在一起而成的

A leaf tied to a stick with a blade of grass.

用草綁在木棍上的葉子

The materiality and fleshiness and meat of the mushroom

香菇的材質和菇肉也被拿來做實驗

being explored by how it can hold up different objects being stuck into it.

看看它能造出哪些不同的東西

And after about 45 minutes, you get really intricate projects

45分鐘後，一些相當精巧繁複的作品出來了

like leaves sorted by hue, so you get a color fade

像是把顏色區分後，得到的漸近色

and put in a circle like a wreath.

擺成一個圓圈，便成了花環

And the creator of this, he said,

而這個作品的創作者，他說

"This is fire. I call this fire."

「這是火，我把它叫作火。」

And someone asked him, "How do you get those sticks

有人問他：「你是怎麼讓這些木棒

to stay on that tree?"

停留在那棵樹上的？」

And he's like, "I don't know, but I can show you."

他說：「我也不知道，但是我可以做給你看。」

And I'm like, "Wow, that's really amazing.

我說：「哇！這實在是太驚人了。

He doesn't know, but he can show you."

他不知道怎麼說，但他卻能夠做給你看。」

So his hands know and his intuition knows,

他的手知道，他的直覺知道

but sometimes what we know gets in the way

有時候，我們所知道的東西，

of what could be, especially

就是以它可能成為的樣子得來的

when it comes to the human-made, human-built world.

尤其是當我們說到人工製作、人工建造的世界

We think we already know how something works,

我們以為我們已經知道事物是如何運作的

so we can't imagine how it could work.

所以我們就想不到它還能怎麼運作

We know how it's supposed to work,

我們知道它應該是怎麼運作

so we can't suppose all the things that could be possible.

所以我們就沒想到所有的事情都是有可能的

So kids don't have as hard of a time with this,

因此孩子們就不會感到困難

and I saw in my own son, I gave him this book.

我自己的兒子就是如此，我給他這本書

I'm a good hippie dad, so I'm like,

我是個嬉皮的好爸爸，我就說

"Okay, you're going to learn to love the moon.

「好，現在你要學著愛月亮。

I'm going to give you some building blocks

我要給你一些積木

and they're nonrectilinear cactus building blocks,

它們是一些非直線的仙人掌積木，

so it's totally legit."

所以它是完全正統的。」

But he doesn't really know what to do with these.

但是他不太曉得該怎麼運用這些東西

I didn't show him.

我沒有秀給他看

And so he's like, "Okay, I'll just mess around with this."

所以他就想：「好，我就隨便亂弄吧。」

This is no different than the sticks are to the teens in the forest.

這和樹林中的少年們 使用那些樹枝的方式沒什麼兩樣－－

Just going to try to put them in shapes

試著把它們拼湊成一個形狀就對了

and push on them and stuff.

然後在上面堆疊東西

And before long, he's kind of got this mechanism

不久後，他有點抓到技巧了

where you can almost launch and catapult objects around,

他發現他可以四處投擲或彈射這些物品

and he enlists us in helping him.

然後他要求我們的幫助

And at this point, I'm starting to wonder,

就在這時，我開始在想

what kind of tools can we give people,

在人們的日常生活中

especially adults, who know too much,

特別是那些已經知道太多道理的大人們

so that they can see the world as malleable,

我們能夠給予他們什麼樣的工具

so they see themselves as agents of change

讓他們將世界視為可被塑造的

in their everyday lives.

讓他們將自己視為改變的媒介

Because the most advanced scientists are really

因為，大部份先進的科學家

just kind of pushing the way the world itself works,

其實只是在世界本身運作的方式中開闊出一條路

pushing what matter can do,

在事物能做到的事情上開路

the most advanced artists are just pushing the medium,

而大部分先進的藝術家也只是在媒介中開路

and any sufficiently complicated task,

任何夠複雜的任務

whether you're a cook or a carpenter or you're raising a child --

不管你是廚師或是木匠或是在撫養孩子－－

anything that's complicated --

任何複雜的事情－－

comes up with problems that aren't solved in the middle of it,

在實作時會遇到的問題， 都無法從這些路當中獲得解決之道

and you can't do a good job getting it done unless you can say,

你無法把這些事做好，除非你說：

"Okay, well we're just going to have to refigure this.

「好，我們得重新弄清楚這回事。

I don't care that pencils are supposed to be for writing.

我不管鉛筆是不是應該被用來寫字。

I'm going to use them a different way."

我要用不同的方式使用它們。」

So let me show you a little demo.

讓我稍稍示範給你們看。

This is a little piano circuit right in here,

這裡有一個小小的鋼琴電路板

and this is an ordinary paintbrush

而這是一個普通的水彩筆

that I smashed it together with. (Beeping)

我把兩者結合在一起（嗶嗶聲）

And so, with some ketchup,

然後，用一些番茄醬

— (musical notes) —

－－（樂聲）－－

and then I can kind of

接著我就可以

— (musical notes) —

－－（樂聲）－－

(Laughter) (Applause)

（笑聲）（掌聲）

And that's awesome, right?

這超酷的，不是嗎？

But this is not what's awesome.

但是酷的不是這個東西

What's awesome is what happens

酷的是，當你把鋼琴電路板給了人們

when you give the piano circuit to people.

它所會發生的事情

A pencil is not just a pencil.

鉛筆不只是鉛筆

Look what it has in the middle of it.

看看這支筆中間

That's a wire running down the middle,

有一條電線被穿在鉛筆中心

and not only is it a wire,

它不僅是一條電線

if you take that piano circuit, you can thumbtack

如果你將鋼琴電路板用圖釘

into the middle of a pencil,

釘入鉛筆之中

and you can lay out wire on the page, too,

你就能使這條電線延展到紙張上

and get electrical current to run through it.

電流同樣會通過紙上的線

And so you can kind of hack a pencil,

所以，將一個小小的鋼琴電路板

just by thumbtacking into it with a little piano electrical circuit.

用圖釘釘入鉛筆之中， 你就能改變了鉛筆的「程式」

And the electricity runs through your body too.

電也會通過你的身體

And then you can take the little piano circuit off the pencil.

接著，你可以把鋼琴電路板拿走

You can make one of these brushes just on the fly.

讓水彩筆開始它的「系統運作」

All you do is connect to the bristles,

你要做的，就只是讓刷毛通上電路

and the bristles are wet, so they conduct,

刷毛是濕的，所以導電

and the person's body conducts,

人體也能導電

and leather is great to paint on,

皮革是很好塗畫的材質

and then you can start hooking to everything,

然後你就可以把電路板接上所有的事物

even the kitchen sink.

甚至是廚房的洗水槽

The metal in the sink is conductive.

水槽的金屬也是導電體

Flowing water acts like a theremin or a violin.

流出來的水就會變成特雷門 （一種電子樂器）或小提琴

(Musical notes)

（樂聲）

And you can even hook to the trees.

你甚至可以接在樹上

Anything in the world is either conductive or not conductive,

世界上所有的東西 不是可以導電就是無法導電

and you can use those together.

你能把這些東西接在一起

So — (Laughter) —

因此－－（笑聲）－－

I took this to those same teens, because those teens are

我把這玩意帶給那些年輕人，因為這些小夥子

really awesome, and they'll try things that I won't try.

真的超厲害，他們會嘗試我不會去試的事物

I don't even have access to a facial piercing if I wanted to.

就算我想接在鼻環耳洞 之類的地方我也沒得接

And this young woman, she made what she called a hula-looper,

這個年輕女孩，她做了這個「呼拉圈」

and as the hula hoop traveled around her body,

呼拉圈繞行她的身體

she has a circuit taped to her shirt right there.

同時她將電路板黏在衣服上

You can see her pointing to it in the picture.

如同她在這張圖中指著的地方

And every time the hula hoop would smush against her body,

每當呼拉圈壓過她的身體

it would connect two little pieces of copper tape,

她的身體就會和呼拉圈上的兩條小銅片通電

and it would make a sound, and the next sound,

然後發出聲音，接著又有下一個聲音

and it would loop the same sounds over and over again.

同樣的聲音會一次次地跟著呼拉圈循環

I ran these workshops everywhere.

我到各地舉辦這些工作坊

In Taiwan, at an art museum, this 12-year-old girl

在台灣的一間美術館，這個十二歲的女孩

made a mushroom organ out of some mushrooms that were from Taiwan

做了一個香菇管風琴，是用台灣的香菇

and some electrical tape and hot glue.

一些電路條和熱熔膠製成的

And professional designers were making artifacts

專業的設計師也把電路條綑在東西上

with this thing strapped onto it.

做出手工藝品來

And big companies like Intel

大公司，像是Intel

or smaller design firms like Ideo or startups like Bump,

或是一些比較小的設計公司 如Ideo以及一些新成立的公司如Bump

were inviting me to give workshops,

都邀請我舉辦這些工作坊

just to practice this idea of smashing electronics

實踐出電子器具

and everyday objects together.

和日常物品結合在一起的想法

And then we came up with this idea

然後，我們有了一個想法

to not just use electronics,

不要只是用電子器具

but let's just smash computers with everyday objects

而是試著將電腦和日常物品結合

and see how that goes over.

看看會發生什麼事

And so I just want to do a quick demo.

讓我很快的示範一下

So this is the MaKey MaKey circuit,

這是Makey Makey面板

and I'm just going to set it up from the beginning in front of you.

我要將它從頭設置給你們看

So I'll just plug it in, and now it's on by USB.

我只要將它用USB插上

And I'll just hook up the forward arrow.

我把上方向鍵接好

You guys are facing that way, so I'll hook it to this one.

因為你們都面對那個方向，所以我接上這一片披薩

And I'll just hook up a little ground wire to it.

然後我只要把接地線接上

And now, if I touch this piece of pizza,

現在，如果我碰這片披薩

the slides that I showed you before should go forward.

你們看見的投影片就會換到下一張

And now if I hook up this wire just by connecting it

現在如果我將電線接上左方向鍵

to the left arrow, I'm kind of programming it by where I hook it up,

我就像是在寫連接它的物體的程式一樣

now I have a left arrow and a right arrow,

現在我有了左方向鍵和右方向鍵

so I should be able to go forwards and backwards

所以我就有辦法換到下一張、上一張

and forwards and backwards. Awesome.

下一張、上一張。超酷。

And so we're like, "We gotta put a video out about this."

所以我們覺得我們應該 為這東西做一部影片

Because no one really believed that this was important

因為除了我和另一個傢伙外

or meaningful except me and, like, one other guy.

沒人真的相信這東西是很重要而且很有意義的

So we made a video to prove that

因此我們就做了一個影片

there's lots of stuff you can do.

來證明你可以做出很多東西

You can kind of sketch with Play-Doh

你可以用彩色黏土大概做出一個鍵盤

and just Google for game controllers.

只要google遊戲控制器的樣子就可以了

Just ordinary Play-Doh, nothing special.

只要普通的彩色黏土，不需要什麼特別的道具

And you can literally draw joysticks

你可以畫出搖桿

and just find Pacman on your computer and then just hook it up. (Video game noises)

在電腦上找出早期的那種電玩， 然後接上去（電玩聲音）

And you know the little plastic drawers you can get at Target?

你們知道Target在賣的那些小塑膠抽屜嗎？

Well, if you take those out, they hold water great,

如果你把抽屜抽出來，它們超適合裝水

but you can totally cut your toes,

但你可能因此切掉腳趾頭

so yeah, just be careful.

所以呢，要小心點

You know the Happiness Project, where the experts

在「幸福計畫」中，專家們

are setting up the piano stairs, and how cool that is?

設置了一座鋼琴樓梯，酷嗎？

Well, I think it's cool,

我覺得那很酷

but we should be doing that stuff ourselves.

但是我們應該自己動手做出這類東西

It shouldn't be a set of experts engineering the way the world works.

不該僅由一群專家們來設計出世界運作的方式

We should all be participating

我們全都應該一起參與

in changing the way the world works together.

改變世界運作的方式

Aluminum foil. Everybody has a cat.

鋁箔紙，每個人都有一隻貓

Get a bowl of water. This is just Photo Booth on your Mac OS.

拿一碗水，這就成了你Mac OS裡的快照機

Hover the mouse over the "take a photo" button,

將滑鼠移到「照相」鈕上

and you've got a little cat photo booth.

你就有了一個小小的貓咪快照機

And so we needed hundreds of people to buy this.

所以我們需要許多人買這個面板

If hundreds of people didn't buy this, we couldn't put it on the market.

如果許多人都不買，我們就不能在市場上販售

And so we put it up on Kickstarter,

所以我們就把這個計畫放在Kickstarter網站上

and hundreds of people bought it in the first day.

第一天就有上百人買了

And then 30 days later,

30天後

11,000 people had backed the project.

已有11000個人資助這個計畫

And then what the best part is, we started getting

最棒的是，我們開始收到

a flood of videos in of people doing crazy things with it.

一大堆影片，都是人們用這個面板所作的瘋狂事物

So this is "The Star-Spangled Banner" by eating lunch,

這是在吃午餐時所一邊演奏出來的美國國歌〈星條旗〉

including drinking Listerine.

連漱口水也參上一腳

And we actually sent this guy materials.

事實上我們還寄了一些材料給這傢伙

We're like, "We're sponsoring you, man.

「老兄，我們要贊助你。

You're, like, a pro maker."

你是個超專業的創作者。」

Okay, just wait for this one. This is good.

好，等等，這個超棒

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And these guys at the exploratorium are

而這些在探索博物館的傢伙

playing house plants as if they were drums.

他們將居家植物當作鼓一樣在打

And dads and daughters are completing circuits in special ways.

這對父女用特別的方式來連接電路

And then this brother -- look at this diagram.

還有這個小弟弟－－看看這張圖

See where it says "sister"?

看見上面寫著「姐姐」的地方了嗎？

I love when people put humans on the diagram.

我喜歡人們把人物放在圖表中

I always add humans to any technical --

我總是把人加在任何科技的－－

if you're drawing a technical diagram, put a human in it.

如果你在畫一張技術圖表，把人放進去

And this kid is so sweet. He made this trampoline slideshow advancer for his sister

這個小孩很可愛， 他為他的姐姐製作了這個跳床幻燈片大冒險

so that on her birthday, she could be the star of the show,

所以在她生日那天，她就可以成為大明星

jumping on the trampoline to advance the slides.

在跳床上跳躍，讓投影片跳到下一張

And this guy rounded up his dogs and he made a dog piano.

而這個人把他的狗聚在一起，做出一個狗鋼琴

And this is fun,

這很好玩

and what could be more useful than feeling alive and fun?

活潑生動和好玩有趣的感受 比任何事物都來得有益

But it's also very serious because

但這同時也是相當嚴肅的

all this accessibility stuff started coming up,

因為所有這些可取得的東西開始出現在

where people can't use computers, necessarily.

無法使用電腦的人們身邊

Like this dad who wrote us, his son has cerebral palsy

像這位父親，他寫信給我們，他的兒子有腦性麻痺

and he can't use a normal keyboard.

所以他不能使用一般的鍵盤

And so his dad couldn't necessarily afford

他的父親實在無法負擔

to buy all these custom controllers.

量身訂做的控制器

And so, with the MaKey MaKey, he planned to make

因此，有了Makey Makey，他打算做出

these gloves to allow him to navigate the web.

這些手套，讓他兒子能上網

And a huge eruption of discussion

關於這些隨手可得的物品出現了爆多的討論

around accessibility came, and we're really excited about that.

而我們真的對此感到很興奮

We didn't plan for that at all.

我們根本沒想過事情會如此發展

And then all these professional musicians started using it,

然後，所有的專業音樂家也開始使用它

like at Coachella, just this weekend

像是在這禮拜的科切拉音樂節

Jurassic 5 was using this onstage,

侏儸紀5號樂團就在台上使用它

and this D.J. is just from Brooklyn, right around here,

還有這名DJ剛從布魯克林來，就在這個地方

and he put this up last month.

他上個月設立了這個

And I love the carrot on the turntable.

我超愛轉盤上面的紅蘿蔔

(Music: Massive Attack — "Teardrop")

（音樂：強烈衝擊合唱團〈淚珠點點〉）

Most people cannot play them that way. (Laughter)

大部分的人都不會這樣彈奏（笑聲）

And when this started to get serious,

而當事情開始變得嚴肅起來

I thought, I'd better put a really serious warning label on the box that this comes in,

我覺得我最好在面板的包裝盒上 附上一個很嚴肅的警告標籤

because otherwise people are going to be getting this

因為人們將會開始獲得它

and they're going to be turning into agents of creative change,

並開始成為創造性的改變者

and governments will be crumbling,

政府會開始粉碎

and I wouldn't have told people, so I thought I'd better warn them.

但我並沒有打算告訴人們這樣做， 所以我想我最好先警告他們

And I also put this little surprise. When you open the lid

我也把這個小驚喜放了進去，當你打開箱子

of the box, it says, "The world is a construction kit."

上面會寫：「世界是你的創造工具箱。」

And as you start to mess around this way,

當你開始以這種方式亂弄一氣

I think that, in some small ways, you do start to see

我覺得，在某些小方面，你真的會開始看見

the landscape of your everyday life

日常生活的環境

a little bit more like something you could express yourself with,

變得比較像是你能用來表達自我的東西

and a little bit more like you could participate

變得比較像是你能一起參與創作的東西

in designing the future of the way the world works.

創造出這個世界未來會運作的方式

And so next time you're on an escalator

所以，下次如果你搭手扶梯時

and you drop an M&M by accident,

不小心掉了一顆M&M巧克力

you know, maybe that's an M&M surfboard, not an escalator,

或許那是M&M的衝浪板，而非手扶梯

so don't pick it up right away.

所以別這麼快把它撿起來

Maybe take some more stuff out of your pockets

或許你可以從口袋掏出更多東西

and throw it down, and maybe some chapstick, whatever.

丟下去，也許是護唇膏，隨便都可以

I used to want to design a utopian society

我曾經想要設計出一個烏托邦的社會

or a perfect world or something like that.

一個完美的世界之類的

But as I'm kind of getting older

但當我年紀漸長

and kind of messing with all this stuff,

用這類東西亂弄一通時

I'm realizing that my idea of a perfect world

我開始了解到，我心目中的完美是借

really can't be designed by one person

真的不能只靠一個人

or even by a million experts.

或是一百萬個專家設計出來

It's really going to be seven billion pairs of hands,

而是要靠七十億雙手

each following their own passions,

每一雙手都跟隨他們自己的熱情

and each kind of like a mosaic coming up

每一雙手都像是一片馬賽克拼圖

and creating this world in their backyards

在他們的後院或廚房

and in their kitchens.

創造這個世界

And that's the world I really want to live in.

那就是我真正想居住的世界

Thank you.

謝謝

(Applause)

（掌聲）