A new way to think about the transition to motherhood | Alexandra Sacks

281,572 views ・ 2018-09-20

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翻译人员: Carol Wang 校对人员: Phyllis Lin
00:13
Do you remember a time when you felt hormonal and moody?
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你是否记得某个时刻曾经感到 心情烦躁和郁郁寡欢?
00:17
Your skin was breaking out,
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你的皮肤上正冒出小痘痘,
00:19
your body was growing in strange places and very fast,
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身体的特殊部位 开始发育并快速生长,
00:24
and at the same time,
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与此同时,
00:25
people were expecting you to be grown-up in this new way.
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大人们也正期待你以这种新的方式长大。
00:29
Teenagers, right?
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说的是青少年,对吧?
00:31
Well, these same changes happen to a woman when she's having a baby.
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其实,女人怀孕时 也会发生同样的变化。
00:36
And we know that it's normal for teenagers to feel all over the place,
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我们知道,青少年感到 困惑和敏感很正常,
00:40
so why don't we talk about pregnancy in the same way?
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我们何不以同样的方式谈论怀孕呢?
00:44
There are entire textbooks written about the developmental arc of adolescence,
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市面上有成套的关于 青春期发展曲线的教科书,
00:50
and we don't even have a word to describe the transition to motherhood.
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而我们甚至没有一个描述 由女人变为母亲的术语。
00:55
We need one.
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我们需要一个这样的词汇。
00:57
I'm a psychiatrist who works with pregnant and postpartum women,
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我是一名与孕妇和产妇 打交道的精神科医生,
01:00
a reproductive psychiatrist,
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即生殖心理医生。
01:02
and in the decade that I've been working in this field,
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在这个领域工作的十年里,
01:05
I've noticed a pattern.
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我注意到了一个模式。
01:06
It goes something like this:
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一般是这样的:
01:08
a woman calls me up,
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一位女士打来电话,
01:10
she's just had a baby,
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她刚生了孩子,
01:12
and she's concerned.
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而且感到很忧虑。
01:13
She says, "I'm not good at this. I'm not enjoying this.
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她说,"我不擅养育孩子,也不喜欢。
01:17
Do I have postpartum depression?"
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我得了产后抑郁症吗?”
01:20
So I go through the symptoms of that diagnosis,
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接下来,我仔细分析了诊断的症状,
01:23
and it's clear to me that she's not clinically depressed,
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很显然她没得临床抑郁症,
01:26
and I tell her that.
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我告诉了她诊断结果。
01:27
But she isn't reassured.
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但她依然不放心,
01:29
"It isn't supposed to feel like this," she insists.
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"我不该有这样的感觉," 她坚称。
01:32
So I say, "OK. What did you expect it to feel like?"
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因此我说道 "好吧,那你 认为应该是怎样的感觉呢?”
01:36
She says, "I thought motherhood would make feel whole and happy.
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她说,"我曾以为,当了母亲 会让我感到完整和快乐;
01:41
I thought my instincts would naturally tell me what to do.
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本能自然而然就会 告诉我应该怎么做;
01:45
I thought I'd always want to put the baby first."
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我曾经也以为,自己会总想着 把孩子放在首位。”
01:49
This -- this is an unrealistic expectation
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这种感觉——这是对 从女人转变成母亲的
01:53
of what the transition to motherhood feels like.
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不切实际的期望。
01:56
And it wasn't just her.
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无独有偶,
01:58
I was getting calls with questions like this from hundreds of women,
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我接到过几百位有类似 问题的女士打来的电话,
02:03
all concerned that something was wrong,
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她们都不约而同地 担心自己出了问题,
02:06
because they couldn't measure up.
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因为她们无法达到自己的期望值。
02:08
And I didn't know how to help them,
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我不知道如何帮助她们,
02:11
because telling them that they weren't sick
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因为告诉了她们没病的事实,
02:13
wasn't making them feel better.
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并没让她们感觉轻松一些。
02:16
I wanted to find a way to normalize this transition,
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我想找到一种让这种转变 更加正常化的方法,
02:21
to explain that discomfort is not always the same thing as disease.
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能解释这种心理不适 与疾病其实是两码事。
02:26
So I set out to learn more about the psychology of motherhood.
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所以,我开始学习更多 关于母性心理的知识,
02:30
But there actually wasn't much in the medical textbooks,
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但医学课本对此却鲜有提及,
02:33
because doctors mostly write about disease.
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因为医生们大部分写的 是关于疾病的知识。
02:36
So I turned to anthropology.
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于是,我转向人类学寻找答案。
02:39
And it took me two years, but in an out-of-print essay
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花了两年的时间,
02:42
written in 1973 by Dana Raphael,
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在一篇 丹娜 · 拉斐尔 写于 1973 年的绝版文章中,
02:46
I finally found a helpful way to frame this conversation:
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我终于找到了一个有效的 方式来概括这段对话:
02:51
matrescence.
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孕乳期。
02:53
It's not a coincidence that "matrescence" sounds like "adolescence."
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"孕乳期" 听起来 很像 "青春期",但这并非巧合,
02:59
Both are times when body morphing and hormone shifting
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两种情况都是由于身体改变 和激素变化同时作用所致,
03:02
lead to an upheaval in how a person feels emotionally
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这两种因素造成人在情绪感受
03:06
and how they fit into the world.
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及如何融入生活方面发生剧变。
03:08
And like adolescence, matrescence is not a disease,
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和青春期一样,孕乳期不是病,
03:13
but since it's not in the medical vocabulary,
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但因为这一改变 并不存在于医学词汇中,
03:15
since doctors aren't educating people about it,
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医生也没教给人们这方面的知识,
03:18
it's being confused with a more serious condition
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所以,人们将孕乳期现象
03:21
called postpartum depression.
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和更严重的产后抑郁症混为一谈。
03:24
I've been building on the anthropology literature
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我一直在人类学文献的基础上,
03:26
and have been talking about matrescence with my patients
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使用 "推和拉" 的概念,
03:30
using a concept called the "push and pull."
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和病人谈关于孕乳期的问题。
03:33
Here's the pull part.
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“拉”的部分是这样的:
03:35
As humans, our babies are uniquely dependent.
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我们人类的婴儿特别依赖他人。
03:39
Unlike other animals, our babies can't walk,
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和其它动物不同的是, 我们的婴儿不会走路、
03:42
they can't feed themselves,
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不能自己吃饭,
03:43
they're very hard to take care of.
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照顾它们特别费心。
03:45
So evolution has helped us out with this hormone called oxytocin.
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所以进化用了一种叫做催产素的激素 来帮助我们解决这个难题。
03:50
It's released around childbirth
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分娩时身体会释放催产素,
03:53
and also during skin-to-skin touch,
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(与婴儿)皮肤接触时 也会释放催产素,
03:55
so it rises even if you didn't give birth to the baby.
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所以即便你没在生孩子, 身体也会分泌催产素。
03:59
Oxytocin helps a human mother's brain zoom in, pulling her attention in,
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催产素帮助人类母亲的大脑集中 精力、 把她的注意力“拉”过来,
04:05
so that the baby is now at the center of her world.
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让宝宝成为她当下世界的中心。
04:08
But at the same time, her mind is pushing away,
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但与此同时, 理智 把她从宝宝身上“推”开,
04:13
because she remembers there are all these other parts to her identity --
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因为她想起来自己的 身份还包含了其他内容——
04:19
other relationships,
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其他各种关系、
04:21
her work,
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她的工作、
04:22
hobbies,
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自己的爱好、
04:24
a spiritual and intellectual life,
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精神和知性生活,
04:26
not to mention physical needs:
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更不用说生理需要了:
04:28
to sleep, to eat, to exercise,
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要睡觉、 吃饭、 运动、
04:32
to have sex,
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过性生活、
04:33
to go to the bathroom,
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去洗手间,
04:35
alone --
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一个人去做以上这些事情——
04:36
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
04:37
if possible.
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如果可能的话。
04:39
This is the emotional tug-of-war of matrescence.
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这就是孕乳期的情感纠葛,
04:44
This is the tension the women calling me were feeling.
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这就是给我打电话的 女士们所感受到的不安,
04:47
It's why they thought they were sick.
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这就是为什么她们认为自己病了。
04:51
If women understood the natural progression of matrescence,
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如果女性已经知晓了 孕乳期的自然发展过程,
04:55
if they knew that most people found it hard to live inside this push and pull,
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如果她们已明白大多数人很难 在这种“推和拉”的矛盾中生活,
05:01
if they knew that under these circumstances,
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如果她们已然知晓: 在这种情形之下,
05:04
ambivalence was normal and nothing to be ashamed of,
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矛盾心理是正常的, 没有什么可羞愧的,
05:09
they would feel less alone,
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她们就不会那么孤单无助,
05:11
they would feel less stigmatized,
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也就会少一些自责,
05:13
and I think it would even reduce rates of postpartum depression.
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我认为做到这一点甚至会 降低产后抑郁症的发病率。
05:18
I'd love to study that one day.
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我很乐意有一天能研究这个课题。
05:21
I'm a believer in talk therapy,
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我信奉谈话疗法,
05:23
so if we're going to change the way our culture understands
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所以,如果我们要改变我们的文化
05:26
this transition to motherhood,
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对女人转变为母亲的看法,
05:27
women need to be talking to each other,
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女人们需要互相交谈,
05:30
not just me.
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而不仅仅是与我交流。
05:32
So mothers, talk about your matrescence
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所以妈妈们,跟其他母亲 谈论你的孕乳期感受吧,
05:35
with other mothers, with your friends,
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也可以和朋友交流,
05:38
and, if you have one, with your partner,
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如果有条件的话,也要和 伴侣交流自己的感受,
05:40
so that they can understand their own transition
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这样他们也能知晓 自己的角色转变,
05:43
and better support you.
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会更好地支持你。
05:45
But it's not just about protecting your relationship.
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但这不仅仅是为了 保护你和周围人的关系,
05:49
When you preserve a separate part of your identity,
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当保留你身份中独立部分的同时,
05:53
you're also leaving room for your child to develop their own.
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你也为孩子留出了自我发展的空间。
05:58
When a baby is born, so is a mother,
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当婴儿降临时,母亲也会获得新生,
06:02
each unsteady in their own way.
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母子二人都踉跄着探索自己脚下的路。
06:05
Matrescence is profound,
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孕乳期意义深远,
06:07
but it's also hard,
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但也很艰难,
06:09
and that's what makes it human.
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也正是这一点造就了人类。
06:12
Thank you.
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谢谢大家!
06:13
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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