Why women should tell the stories of humanity | Jude Kelly

翻译人员: Yan Gao 校对人员: Jiawei Ni

Why do we think

为什么我们认为

that stories by men are deemed to be of universal importance,

男人讲的故事具有普遍重要性.

and stories by women are thought to be merely about women?

而认为女人讲的故事 只是关于女人？

My grandmother left school when she was 12.

我的祖母12岁时辍学。

She had 14 children.

她生了14个孩子。

My mother left school when she was 15.

我母亲15岁时辍学，

She was a secretary.

她是秘书。

I graduated from university to become a theater director,

我大学毕业，成为戏剧导演

and that progress is entirely to do with the fact that people I'll never meet

这进步完全归功于

那些我从未谋面的人 为女人拥有人权而斗争着，

fought for women to have rights,

get the vote, get education, have progress.

为女人获得投票权， 教育权，取得进步而斗争着。

And I'm determined to do the same, and obviously you are, too.

我决心做同样的事 很明显你们也是。

Why not?

为什么不呢？

(Applause)

（掌声）

So I started a festival called WOW, Women of the World, seven years ago,

因此，我在七年前启动了 WOW（世界之女人）活动

and it's now in 20 countries across five continents.

现在WOW遍布五大洲的 20个国家。

And one of those countries is Somaliland in Africa.

其中一个国家是非洲的索马里兰。

So I traveled there last year,

去年我去了那里，

and part of the joy I had in going there was going to these caves.

那次旅行的乐趣之一 是去这些岩洞，

The Laas Geel caves.

拉斯·吉尔岩洞。

Now, these caves contain some of the oldest cave paintings in the world.

这些岩洞里藏着一些 世界上最古老的岩洞壁画。

These paintings are thought to be round about 9,000 to 11,000 years old.

这些壁画有大约 9000到11000年历史了。

Art:

艺术：

what humanity has done ever since it evolved.

是人类自从进化以来所做的一切。

It's how we speak about ourselves,

它是我们谈论自己的方式，

how we understand our identity,

我们理解自己身份的方式，

how we look at our surroundings,

我们看待周围环境的方式，

who we find out about each other

我们因自己生命的意义

because of the meaning of our lives.

而彼此相互了解。

That's what art is for.

这就是艺术。

So look at this little picture.

那么看看这个小小的图片。

I think it's a little girl.

我觉得是一个小女孩。

I thought it was a bit like me when I was a little girl.

感觉她有点像我小时候。

而且我想，嗯，是谁 画了这个开心、青春的人像？

And I thought, well, who painted this joyful, youthful figure?

And I asked the curator of the caves.

我询问岩洞的管理人。

I said, "Tell me about the men and women who painted these."

我说：“给我说说画出这些壁画的 男人和女人们吧。”

And he looked at me absolutely askance, and he said,

他斜眼看着我，然后说

"Women didn't paint these pictures."

“这不是女人画的。”

我说：“好吧， 那是一万一千年前的事了，”

And I said, "Well, it was 11,000 years ago."

I said, "How do you know?"

我说，“你是怎么知道的？”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And he said, "Women don't do these things.

他说：“女人不做这些事啊，

Men made these marks. Women don't."

男人做这些标记，女人不做的。”

Now, I wasn't really surprised,

我并不怎么惊讶，

because that's an attitude that I've seen continuously

因为这种态度是我 作为戏剧制作人

all my life as a theater maker.

一辈子持续不断看到的态度。

We are told that divine knowledge comes down through the masculine,

我们被告知， 神的启示通过男性传播

whether it be to the imam, the priest, the rabbi, the holy man.

可以传给阿訇、神父、拉比、圣人.

Similarly, we're told that creative genius resides in the masculine,

同样，我们被告知 创造性的天分存在于阳刚之气，

that it is the masculine

男人

that will be able to tell us about who we really are,

才能够告诉我们， 我们到底是谁，

that the masculine will tell the universal story

男人会代表我们所有人

on behalf of all of us,

讲述所有的故事，

whereas women artists will really just talk about women's experiences,

而女性艺术家将 只谈论女人的经历，

women's issues only really relevant to women

女人的问题，仅仅限于女人

and of passing interest to men --

对男人来说是一闪而过——

and really only some men.

而且只有一部分男人有兴趣。

And it's that conviction,

我认为，就是我们被灌输的这种观念

that that we are taught,

that I think colors so much of whether we're prepared to believe

严重改变了我们能否相信 女性的故事也同样重要。

that women's stories really matter.

And unless we're prepared to believe that women's stories really matter,

除非我们准备好了去相信 女性的故事真的重要，

then women's rights don't really matter,

否则女性的权利就无足轻重，

and then change can't really come.

那么变化就不会真的来临。

I want to tell you about two examples of stories

我想给你讲两个例子

that are thought to be of universal importance:

是被普遍认为非常重要的故事：

"E.T." and "Hamlet."

《E.T.》和《哈姆雷特》。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So I took my two children when they were little --

我带着我的两个孩子去看《E.T.》

Caroline was eight and Robby was five --

当时他们很小 卡罗琳8岁，罗比5岁，

to see "E.T."

And it's a fantastic story of this little alien

那是个小外星人的奇妙故事。

who ends up in an American family

这个小外星人到了一个美国家庭，

with a mum, two brothers and a sister,

家里有妈妈、两个哥哥和一个妹妹，

but he wants to go home.

可是他想回家。

Not only that, but some really bad scientists

不仅如此，还有些特别坏的科学家，

want to do some experiments on him,

想拿他做某种实验。

and they're looking for him.

那些科学家在找他，

So the children have a plot.

所以孩子们密谋，

They decide they're going to take him back to his spaceship

他们决定自己把小外星人带回飞船，

as soon as they can,

而且要尽快。

and they plop him in a bicycle basket,

他们把小外星人放进单车篮子里，

and off they ride.

他们就开始骑，

But unfortunately, the baddies have found out, and they're catching up

不幸的是，坏人发现了，追上了。

and they've got sirens and they've got their guns,

坏人有警笛，坏人有枪

they've got the loud-hailers, it's terribly frightening,

坏人还有大喇叭，特别吓人，

然后坏接近那些孩子了

and they're closing up on the children,

孩子们快不可能完成任务了。

and the children are never going to make it.

然后，突然之间，神奇地 单车飞向天空，

And then all of a sudden, magically, the bikes fly up in the air,

over the clouds,

飞过云层，

over the moon,

飞过月亮，

and they're going to save "E.T."

他们拯救了E.T.

So I turn to see my children's faces,

然后我转头看看我的孩子们

and Robby is enraptured, he's there with them, he's saving E.T.,

罗比被吸引了，他身处其中 他在拯救E.T.，

he's a happy boy.

他特别开心，

And I turn to Caroline, and she's crying her eyes out.

然后我转向卡罗琳，她哭得好可怜，

And I said, "What's the matter?"

我说“怎么了？”

And she said, "Why can't I save E.T.? Why can't I come?"

她说，“为什么我不能拯救E.T.？ 为什么不能让我来？”

And then all of a sudden I realized:

突然我意识到：

they weren't children;

他们不是“孩子们”

they were boys --

他们是“男孩子们”，

all boys.

全都是男孩子。

And Caroline, who had invested so much in E.T.,

而对E.T.那么投入的卡罗琳

well, she wasn't invited to save him,

嗯，当然她并没有被邀请去拯救他，

and she felt humiliated and spurned.

她觉得被羞辱，被冷落了.

So I wrote to Steven Spielberg --

所以我写信给史蒂芬·斯皮尔伯格。

(Laughter) (Applause)

（笑声）（掌声）

and I said, "I don't know if you understand

我写道：“我不知道你是否明白

the psychological importance of what's happened,

所发生的事情在心理上的重要性，

and are you prepared to pay for the therapy bills?"

你准备好支付心理咨询费了吗？”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Twenty years later, I haven't had a word back from him,

20年过去了，我还没收到他的回复，

but I'm still hopeful.

但我还是满怀希望的。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But I thought it was interesting,

但我认为这很有趣，

because if you read reviews of what he intended with E.T.,

因为如果你看到 他对E.T.的用意的评论，

he says very specifically,

他说得非常具体，

"I wanted the world to understand

“我想让这世界了解

that we should love and embrace difference."

我们应该爱并拥抱差异。”

But somehow he didn't include the idea of girls' difference

但不知何故，他的这个想法

in this thinking.

没有提到女孩的想法的“差异”。

He thought he was writing a story about all humanity.

他认为他在写一个 关于全人类的故事，

Caroline thought he was marginalizing

卡罗琳认为他正在 使人类中的一半边缘化，

half of humanity.

He thought he was writing a story about human goodness;

他认为他在写一个 关于人类善良的故事，

she thought he was writing a lad's heroic adventure.

她以为他正在写 一个小伙子的英勇冒险。

And this is common.

这很常见。

Men feel they have been given the mantle for universal communication,

男人觉得他们被委以 进行全部沟通的重任，

but of course, how could they be?

但当然，他们怎么可能？

They are writing from male experience through male's eyes.

他们的写作来自 男性眼中的男性经历。

We have to have a look at this ourselves.

我们必须亲自看看这个。

We have to be prepared to go back through all our books and our films,

我们必须准备好 回顾所有的书和电影，

all our favorite things,

以及所有我们最喜欢的东西，

and say, "Actually, this is written by a male artist --

然后说：“事实上， 这是由男性艺术家写的 ——

not an artist.

而不只说“这是艺术家写的”。

We have to see that so many of these stories

我们必须看到，这么多的故事

are written through a male perspective.

都是通过男性角度来写的。

Which is fine,

那也没问题，

but then females need to have 50 percent of the rights

但是女性必须拥有50％的权利，

for the stage, the film, the novel,

拥有舞台、电影、小说，

the place of creativity.

拥有发挥创造力的所在。

Let me talk about "Hamlet."

让我谈谈《哈姆雷特》

To be or not to be.

“生存还是毁灭

That is the question.

那是个问题。”

But it's not my question.

但那不是我的问题，

My question is: Why was I taught as a young woman

我的问题是：为什么，作为年轻女子

that this was the quintessential example of human dilemma

我被教导说，《哈姆雷特》是有关

人类困境和人生的精华作品？

and human experience?

It's a marvelous story,

它确实是一个伟大的故事,

but actually, it's about a young man fearful that he won't be able to make it

但实际上，它讲述的是 一个年轻男子的恐惧。

除非他为他父亲的被杀去报仇，

as a powerful figure in a male world

unless he takes revenge for his father's murder.

否则他在男性世界中 不能成为强大的人物。

He talks a great deal to us about suicide being an option,

他对我们说了很多 关于自杀是一种选择，

but the reality is that the person who actually commits suicide, Ophelia,

但是现实是， 真正自杀的人是奥菲莉亚。

after she's been humiliated and abused by him,

在被他羞辱和虐待之后

never gets a chance to talk to the audience about her feelings.

奥菲利亚从未有机会对观众说一说 她的感受。

And then when he's finished with Ophelia, he turns on his mum,

当他结束了奥菲莉亚时， 又把矛头转向他妈妈，

because basically she has the audacity to fall in love with his uncle

仅仅上是因为她竟敢 爱上他的叔叔，

and enjoy sex.

还享受着性爱。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

It is a great story,

它的确是个伟大的故事，

but it is a story about male conflict, male dilemma, male struggle.

但这个故事讲的是男性的冲突、

男性的困境、男性的斗争。

But I was told this was the story of human beings,

但我被告知，这就是全人类的故事。

despite the fact that it only had two women in it.

尽管事实上，故事中只有两个女人。

And unless I reeducate myself,

除非我重新教育自己，

I am always going to think

否则我会一直认为

that women's stories matter less than men's.

女人的故事没有男人的故事重要。

A woman could have written "Hamlet,"

女人也可以写《哈姆雷特》

but she would have written it differently,

但她会写得不一样，

and it wouldn't have had global recognition.

而且不会被全世界认可。

As the writer Margaret Atwood says,

正如作家玛格丽特·阿特伍德所说：

"When a man writes about doing the dishes,

“当一个男人写到洗碗时，

it's realism.

它是现实主义，

当女人写到洗碗时，

When a woman writes about doing it,

it's an unfortunate genetic disposition."

这是不幸的遗传倾向。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Now, this is not just something that belongs to then.

这不只是属于旧年代的东西。

I mean, when I was a young girl,

当我还是个小女孩，

wanting desperately to be a theater director,

拼命想成为戏剧导演，

this is what my male lecturer said to me:

我的男讲师这样对我说：

"Well, there are three women directors in Britain," he said, "Jude."

“呃，英国有三个女导演，朱迪”

"There's Joan Knight, who's a lesbian, there's Joan Littlewood, who's retired,

“有琼·奈特，女同性恋， 有琼·丽特伍德，退休了，

and there's Buzz Goodbody, who's just killed herself.

还有巴兹·古德波堤，刚自杀。

So, which of those three would you like to be?"

那么，你想变成她们中的哪一个？ ”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Now, leaving aside the disgusting slur on gay women,

先不谈对女同性恋的无耻侮辱，

the fact is, he wanted to humiliate me.

事实是，他想羞辱我。

He thought it was silly that I wanted to be a director.

他认为我想做导演 是很蠢的。

And I told my friend Marin Alsop, the conductor, and she said,

我告诉我的指挥朋友， 马林·阿尔索普，她说：

"Oh yes, well, my music teacher said exactly the same.

“哦对，呵呵，我的音乐老师 说过一模一样的话，

He said, 'Women don't conduct.'"

他说：‘女人不能指挥。’”

But all these years later, we've made our mark.

这么多年过去了 我们成功了。

You think, "Well, it'll be different now."

你觉得“现在肯定不一样了。”

I'm afraid it's not different now.

恐怕现在没有什么不同。

The current head of the Paris Conservatoire

巴黎音乐学院现任主管最近说过：

said recently, "It takes great physical strength

“指挥交响乐需要很大的体力，

to conduct a symphony,

女人太弱。”

and women are too weak."

(Laughter)

（笑声）

The artist George Baselitz said,

艺术家乔治·巴塞利茨说：

"Well, the fact is women can't paint.

“嗯，事实是女人不会画画。

Well -- they can't paint very well."

好吧——她们画不好。”

The writer V.S. Naipaul said two years ago,

作家V.S. 奈保尔在两年前说：

"I can read two paragraphs and know immediately if it's written by a woman,

“我可以只读两段就立即知道 是不是女人写的，

and I just stop reading, because it's not worthy of me."

然后我就不读了， 因为不值得我读。”

Audience: Whoa!

观众：哇！

And it goes on.

还有很多。

We have to find a way

我们必须找到一种方法，

of stopping young girls and women

来不让小女孩和年轻的女人们

feeling not only that their story doesn't matter,

感觉不仅她们的故事没意义，

but they're not allowed to be the storyteller.

而且她们不被允许成为讲述者。

Because once you feel that you can't stand in the central space

因为一旦你感觉不能站在中央

and speak on behalf of the world,

代表世界发声，

you will feel that you can offer your goods up to a small, select group.

你会觉得你只能把作品 献给很小的、特定的一群人，

You will tend to do smaller work on smaller stages,

你将倾向于在更小的舞台， 做更轻微的工作，

your economic power will be less,

你的经济力量会更小，

your reach of audiences will be less,

你的受众范围会更小，

and your credit will be less as an artist.

作艺术家的资格会更少。

And we do finally give artists these incredible, prominent spaces

并且我们已经在这世界上 为艺术家们提供了

难以置信的、卓越的空间。

in the world,

because they are our storytellers.

因为他们是我们的讲述者。

Now, why should it matter to you if you're not an artist?

那么，如果你不是艺术家， 为什么你要在乎这些？

Supposing you're an accountant or an entrepreneur or a medic

假设你是会计师或企业家

或医生或科学家

or a scientist:

Should you care about women artists?

你是否应该在乎女性艺术家？

Absolutely, you must,

绝对的，你必须在乎，

because as you can see from the cave paintings,

因为就像你在岩洞绘画中看到的

all civilizations,

所有的文明，

all of humanity

全体人类

have relied upon artists to tell the human story,

都依靠艺术家来讲述人类的故事。

and if the human story is finally told by men,

如果人类的故事 最终只由男人来讲述，

take my word for it,

记住我的话，

it will be about men.

故事里将只有男人。

So let's make a change.

所以，让我们做出改变，

Let's make a change to all our institutions,

改变我们所有的教育体系，

and not just in the West.

而且不仅仅是在西方，

Don't forget -- this message of incapability of women

不要忘记——

女人没有创造性天分的观念，

to hold creative genius

is being told to girls and women in Nigeria, in China, in Russia,

在尼日利亚，中国，俄罗斯， 在印度尼西亚，

正被灌输给女孩和女人们。

in Indonesia.

All over the world, girls and women are being told

在世界各地，女孩和女人被告知

that they can't finally hold the idea of creative inspiration.

她们不会拥有创造性灵感。

And I want to ask you:

我想问你：

Do you believe that?

你相信那说法吗？

Do you believe that women can be a creative genius?

你是否相信，女人可以是 有创造力的天才呢？

(Applause and cheers)

（掌声和欢呼）

Well then, please go forward,

那么，请更进一步

support women artists,

支持女性艺术家，

buy their work,

购买她们的作品，

insist that their voices are heard,

主张她们的声音被聆听，

find platforms on which their voices will be made.

找到可以让她们发声的平台。

And remember this:

并且记住这一点：

that in a sense, if we're going to get past this moment

在某种意义上，如果我们要 走过世界的这一时刻

of a world where we know that we are unequal,

这个我们知道我们不平等的时刻

it's artists who have to imagine a different world.

艺术家必须想象出另一世界的。

And I'm calling on all artists, women and men,

我呼吁所有的艺术家， 女人以及男人

to imagine a gender-equal world.

去想象一个性别平等的世界。

Let's paint it. Let's draw it.

让我们绘制它，让我们勾勒它，

Let's write about it. Let's film it.

让我们写出它，让我们拍摄它。

And if we could imagine it,

如果我们能够想象出来，

then we would have the energy and the stamina

那么我们就有能量和耐力

to work towards it.

向它努力。

When I see this little girl,

当我看着这个小女孩，

11,000 years ago,

11000年前的小女孩，

I want to know that the little girl now

我需要知道，这个小女孩现在

can stand there and think she's entitled to her dreams,

可以站在那里，相信 她有权拥有自己的梦想，

she's entitled to her destiny

她有权主宰自己的命运，

and she's entitled to speak on behalf of the whole world,

她有权代表整个世界说话，

be recognized for it

为此被认同，

and applauded.

并为此享有掌声。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）