Avi Reichental: What’s next in 3D printing

翻译人员: Yumeng Guo 校对人员: Francis Ma

My grandfather was a cobbler.

我的祖父是一个工匠。

Back in the day, he made custom-made shoes.

那时候，他手工定制鞋。

I never got to meet him.

我从没见过他，

He perished in the Holocaust.

他在犹太人大屠杀中逝世。

But I did inherit his love for making,

但我承传了他对手工制作的挚爱，

except that it doesn't exist that much anymore.

虽说挚爱程度远不如他的高。

You see, while the Industrial Revolution

你们知道，虽然工业革命

did a great deal to improve humanity,

极大程度地改善了人们的生活，

it eradicated the very skill

但它使我祖父挚爱的

that my grandfather loved,

手工制作技能消亡，

and it atrophied craftsmanship as we know it.

而且我们也知道，它让手工工艺衰微。

But all of that is about to change with 3D printing,

但是这一切却是由于 3D 打印改变的

and it all started with this,

开始于这个小东西

the very first part

这是 3D 打印

that was ever printed.

打印出来的第一件物品。

It's a little older than TED.

它的年龄比 TED 大一些，

It was printed in 1983

它是由 3D 打印的发明者

by Chuck Hull,

查克•赫尔

who invented 3D printing.

在 1983 年打印出来的。

But the thing that I want to talk to you about today,

但今天我想跟你们谈的、

the big idea that I want to discuss with you,

想跟你们讨论的伟大理念，

is not that 3D printing

不是 3D 打印

is going to catapult us into the future,

将引领我们走向未来，

but rather that it's actually going

而是 3D 打印事实上将

to connect us with our heritage,

我们与传统连接起来，

and it's going to usher in a new era

而且它将开辟一个新的时代，

of localized, distributed manufacturing

即基于数字化制造的

that is actually based

兼具本地化与分散化

on digital fabrication.

的制造业时代。

So think about useful things.

想一些日常用品吧。

You all know your shoe size.

你们都知道自己鞋子的尺码，

How many of you know the size

但有多少人知道

of the bridge of your nose

鼻梁的尺寸，

or the distance between your temples?

或者太阳穴之间的距离？

Anybody?

有人吗？

Wouldn't it be awesome if you could,

如果你能前所未有地

for the first time, get eyewear

戴上不是由镜框、镜架组装成的，

that actually fits you perfectly

完美贴合脸部的眼镜，

and doesn't require any hinge assembly,

岂不是很酷吗？

so chances are, the hinges are not going to break?

很有可能的是，镜架永远不会断裂。

But the implications of 3D printing

3D 打印的应用，

go well beyond the tips of our noses.

远不止我们鼻梁上的眼镜。

When I met Amanda for the first time,

当我第一次遇到阿曼达，

she could already stand up and walk a little bit

她虽然腰部以下瘫痪，

even though she was paralyzed from the waist down,

已经能站立并走几步，

but she complained to me that her suit

但她向我抱怨，

was uncomfortable.

这身衣服不舒服。

It was a beautiful robotic suit

这是一套由 Ekso Bionics 公司

made by Ekso Bionics,

制作的机器人套装，

but it wasn't inspired by her body.

但不是为她量身打造的，

It wasn't made to measure.

并没有测量她的尺寸。

So she challenged me to make her something

所以她请我为她做一身

that was a little bit more feminine,

更女性化一点、

a little bit more elegant,

看起来更优雅一点、

and lightweight,

更轻的套装。

and like good tailors,

我们模仿裁缝，

we thought that we would measure her digitally.

为她数字化量身定做。

And we did. We built her an amazing suit.

我们做到了，为她做了一件令人惊奇的套装。

The incredible part about what I learned

我从这个故事中感受到的

from Amanda is a lot of us are looking at 3D printing

一件不可思议的事情是，我们很多人看到 3D 打印后，

and we say to ourselves,

会对自己说，

it's going to replace traditional methods.

它会颠覆传统。

Amanda looked at it and she said,

阿曼达看到它后说，

it's an opportunity for me

这对我而言是一个机会，

to reclaim my symmetry

让我重新变得美丽，

and to embrace my authenticity.

感受到真实的自己。

And you know what? She's not standing still.

你知道吗？她现在不只是想站起来了，

She now wants to walk in high heels.

她想穿高跟鞋呢。

It doesn't stop there.

远不止这些，

3D printing is changing

3D 打印正在改变

personalized medical devices as we know them,

我们所了解的个性化医疗器械，

from new, beautiful, conformal,

从全新、美观、适形的

ventilated scoliosis braces

透气性脊柱侧凸背带，

to millions of dental restorations

到无数烤瓷牙，

and to beautiful bracings

再到美观的

for amputees,

假肢支撑，

another opportunity to emotionally reconnect

这是重新发自内心找回自我

with your symmetry.

的又一机会。

And as we sit here today,

如今，在这坐着时，

you can go wireless on your braces

你可以戴上

with clear aligners,

不含丝线的牙齿矫正器

or your dental restorations.

或者烤瓷牙。

Millions of in-the-ear hearing aids

数以百万计的耳内助听器

are already 3D printed today.

是由 3D 打印印制的。

Millions of people are served today

每天有数以百万计的人

from these devices.

因 3D 打印受惠。

What about full knee replacements,

以你自己的数据和尺寸，

from your data, made to measure,

做全膝关节置换手术，

where all of the tools and guides are 3D printed?

工具都是 3D 打印出来的，感觉如何？

G.E. is using 3D printing

通用电气公司正在用 3D 打印技术

to make the next generation LEAP engine

制作下一代 LEAP 系列发动机，

that will save fuel to the tune

能节约大概

of about 15 percent

15% 的能耗，

and cost for an airline

为航空公司

of about 14 million dollars.

节约大概 1400 万美金。

Good for G.E., right?

对通用电气来说是好消息，是吧？

And their customers and the environment.

对其客户、环境来说也是好消息。

But, you know, the even better news

但是，你知道的，更好的消息是，

is that this technology is no longer reserved

3D 打印不再是

for deep-pocketed corporations.

大公司独享的技术。

Planetary Resources, a startup

Planetary Resources（公司名），

一家太空探索的新兴公司，

for space explorations

is going to put out its first space probe later this year.

正准备在今年晚些时候 发射其第一个空间探测器，

It was a fraction of a NASA spaceship,

该探测器规模比 NASA 的小，

it costs a fraction of its cost,

成本自然也低不少，

and it's made with less than a dozen moving parts,

其活动部件的数量不足十二个，

and it's going to be out in space later this year.

在今年晚些时候就要送上太空。

Google is taking on this very audacious project

谷歌公司正非常大胆地开展一项计划，

of making the block phone, the Ara.

开发Project Ara模块化手机。

It's only possible because of the development

若没有高速 3D 打印技术，

of high-speed 3D printing that for the first time

这是不可能实现的，3D 打印史无前例将地让

will make functional, usable modules

模块化、可用的部件的生产

that will go into it.

变为现实。

A real moonshot, powered by 3D printing.

一个 3D 打印出的，真正的月球探测器。

How about food?

食物呢？

What if we could, for the first time,

如果我们能前所未有地

make incredible delectables

制作像这只TED小熊一样的

like this beautiful TED Teddy here,

的不可意思的美味，

that are edible?

将会怎么样？

What if we could completely change the experience,

如果 3D 打印能颠覆如

like you see with that absinthe serving

饮用苦艾酒的体验，

that is completely 3D printed?

将会怎么样？

And what if we could begin to put ingredients

如果我们能任意地

and colors and flavors in every taste,

添加颜色、口味到任何食物，

which means not only delicious foods

那么不仅可以定制美食，

but the promise of personalized nutrition

还能个性化营养成分，

around the corner?

将会怎么样？

And that gets me to one of the biggest deals about 3D printing.

这让我想到了 3D 打印为我们带来的 最大的恩惠之一，

With 3D printing, complexity is free.

凭借 3D 打印，我们不再为复杂买单。

The printer doesn't care

打印最基本的图样，

if it makes the most rudimentary shape

或是最复杂的图样，

or the most complex shape,

对 3D 打印机来说是一样的。

and that is completely turning design

这会完全改变

and manufacturing on its head as we know it.

我们熟知的设计和制造业。

Many people think that 3D printing will be

很多人认为 3D 打印会敲响

the end of manufacturing as we know it.

我们熟知的制造业消亡的钟声。

I think that it's the opportunity to put

我想这正是将未来的技术交给

tomorrow's technology in the hands of youngsters

今年的孩子们的机会，

that will create endless abundance

3D 打印将创造，

of job opportunities,

创造无数的工作机会，

and with that,

并且有了 3D 打印技术

everybody can become an expert maker

每个人都可以成为制作专家

and an expert manufacturer.

和制造专家。

That will take new tools.

这将需要新的工具。

Not everybody knows how to use CAD,

并不是每个人都会用 CAD 制图软件，

so we're developing haptics,

所以我们在开发

perceptual devices

触觉感知设备，

that will allow you to touch

它可以让你亲手

and feel your designs

触摸和感知你的设计，

as if you play with digital clay.

就好像在玩「数字粘土」。

When you do things like that,

当你这样设计时，

and we also developed things that take

我们还设计了拍完实物照片

physical photographs that are instantly printable,

立马就能打印出来的设备，

it will make it easier to create content,

这会让制造变得容易，

but with all of the unimagined,

但除了这些想象不到的，

we will also have the unintended,

也有一些未预料到到的事情，

like democratized counterfeiting

像随处可见的假货，

and ubiquitous illegal possession.

还有无处不在的非法占有。

So many people ask me,

很多人问我，

will we have a 3D printer in every home?

每个家庭都有会一台 3D 打印机吗？

I think it's the wrong question to ask.

我想问题不该这么问。

The right question to ask is,

应该问的问题是，

how will 3D printing change my life?

3D 打印将会怎样改变我的生活？

Or, in other words, what room in my house

或者，换句话说，我家里哪间房

will 3D printing fit in?

适合安放 3D 打印机？

So everything that you see here

这里你看到的一切都是

has been 3D printed,

3D 打印打印出来的，

including these shoes

包括这些

at the Amsterdam fashion show.

阿姆斯特丹时装秀上的鞋子。

Now, these are not my grandfather's shoes.

这不再是我祖父那个年代鞋子的意义了，

These are shoes that represent

这是这代表了

the continuation of his passion

高本地化的制造业的鞋子，

for hyper-local manufacturing.

延续了我祖父对手工制作的热情。

My grandfather didn't get to see Nike

我的祖父没机会看到耐克

printing cleats for the recent Super Bowl,

为近期超级碗打印的鞋子，

and my father didn't get to see me standing

我的父亲没机会看到

in my hybridized 3D printed shoes.

脚踏 3D 打印的鞋子的我。

He passed away three years ago.

他三年前过世了。

But Chuck Hull, the man that invented it all,

但查克•赫尔，这位发明 3D 打印的人，

is right here in the house today,

今天就在这屋子里，

and thanks to him,

谢谢他，

I can say, thanks to his invention, I can say

我想说，谢谢他的发明，我想说，

that I am a cobbler too,

我也是一个工匠，

and by standing in these shoes

脚踏这双鞋，

I am honoring my past

是向过去致敬，

while manufacturing the future.

也是在创造未来。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）