Avi Reichental: What’s next in 3D printing

譯者: Aaron Shoo 審譯者: Adrienne Lin

My grandfather was a cobbler.

我祖父是一名鞋匠。

Back in the day, he made custom-made shoes.

他當時幫人做訂製鞋。

I never got to meet him.

我出生前他就過世了，

He perished in the Holocaust.

死於「猶太大屠殺」。

But I did inherit his love for making,

但我還是遺傳到他對「製造」的喜愛，

except that it doesn't exist that much anymore.

只是現在沒什麼「人」在做東西了。

You see, while the Industrial Revolution

「工業革命」改變了人類社會，

did a great deal to improve humanity,

it eradicated the very skill

我祖父熱愛的工藝不被傳承，

that my grandfather loved,

我們熟知的技藝逐漸式微。

and it atrophied craftsmanship as we know it.

But all of that is about to change with 3D printing,

而「3D 列印」即將改變一切。

and it all started with this,

就從這個...

the very first part

史上第一顆被列印出的零件。

that was ever printed.

It's a little older than TED.

它比 TED 再早一些出現，

It was printed in 1983

是 1983 年由 3D 列印的始祖

by Chuck Hull,

who invented 3D printing.

查克‧赫爾所列印。

But the thing that I want to talk to you about today,

但我今天要跟大家說、

the big idea that I want to discuss with you,

要跟大家分享的，

is not that 3D printing

不是 3D 列印會怎麼改變未來，

is going to catapult us into the future,

but rather that it's actually going

而是它怎麼連結過去經驗，

to connect us with our heritage,

and it's going to usher in a new era

帶我們進入

以「本土化」、「分散式生產」為主的

of localized, distributed manufacturing

「數位產出」新紀元。

that is actually based

on digital fabrication.

So think about useful things.

想想看，

身邊的事物。

You all know your shoe size.

比如說你穿幾號鞋、

How many of you know the size

或是有誰知道自己鼻樑多寬？

of the bridge of your nose

or the distance between your temples?

或是你的額頭有多寬？

Anybody?

有誰知道嗎？

Wouldn't it be awesome if you could,

想像一下有多酷，

for the first time, get eyewear

如果能做出一副眼鏡，

that actually fits you perfectly

完美符合你的尺寸，

and doesn't require any hinge assembly,

而且不需要任何絞鍊組裝，

so chances are, the hinges are not going to break?

就不用擔心鏡架斷掉。

But the implications of 3D printing

但 3D 列印可不只有這麼簡單。

go well beyond the tips of our noses.

When I met Amanda for the first time,

我第一次見到亞曼達的時候，

she could already stand up and walk a little bit

她已經可以站或稍微走一點路，

even though she was paralyzed from the waist down,

儘管她下半身癱瘓。

but she complained to me that her suit

她跟我抱怨輔助衣不好穿。

was uncomfortable.

It was a beautiful robotic suit

那是 Ekso Bionics 公司出產的機械裝，

made by Ekso Bionics,

but it wasn't inspired by her body.

但那不是量身打造的，

It wasn't made to measure.

所以尺寸不太合。

So she challenged me to make her something

她要求我幫她做一套新的：

that was a little bit more feminine,

更女性化一點、

a little bit more elegant,

更優雅一些、

and lightweight,

而且更輕。

and like good tailors,

所以就像訂做衣服一樣，

we thought that we would measure her digitally.

我們先用數位儀器幫她量尺寸。

And we did. We built her an amazing suit.

然後做出一套很棒的輔助衣。

The incredible part about what I learned

這次經驗最重要的是，

from Amanda is a lot of us are looking at 3D printing

我從亞曼達身上學到，

很多人覺得 3D 列印

and we say to ourselves,

和傳統技術是互相衝突的。

it's going to replace traditional methods.

Amanda looked at it and she said,

亞曼達卻覺得，

it's an opportunity for me

這是個很好的機會，

to reclaim my symmetry

讓我能找到新科技與傳統的平衡，

and to embrace my authenticity.

並發揮祖父遺傳給我的創造天賦。

And you know what? She's not standing still.

而且她還不滿足，

She now wants to walk in high heels.

開始想穿高跟鞋走路。

It doesn't stop there.

還不只這樣，

3D printing is changing

3D 列印也將改變

個人醫療器材的樣貌。

personalized medical devices as we know them,

from new, beautiful, conformal,

從這套全新的、

兼具美感與合身透氣的背架，

ventilated scoliosis braces

到無數的補牙、假牙材料，

to millions of dental restorations

and to beautiful bracings

以及截肢者術後用的

for amputees,

漂亮的義肢護具。

another opportunity to emotionally reconnect

這些情感上面

再度擁有「完整」身軀的機會。

with your symmetry.

And as we sit here today,

再舉更切身的例子，

you can go wireless on your braces

市面上已經有無線的隱形牙套

with clear aligners,

or your dental restorations.

和隱形補假牙材料。

Millions of in-the-ear hearing aids

無數的助聽器都是 3D 列印，

are already 3D printed today.

Millions of people are served today

天天有無數的人因此受惠。

from these devices.

What about full knee replacements,

還有人工膝關節手術，

from your data, made to measure,

根據每個人測出的數據，

where all of the tools and guides are 3D printed?

由 3D 列印器材輔助導引。

G.E. is using 3D printing

奇異公司

將會用 3D 列印

to make the next generation LEAP engine

製造下一代的 Leap 引擎。

that will save fuel to the tune

可望減少

15% 的油量消耗，

of about 15 percent

and cost for an airline

為航空公司省下 1400 萬美元。

of about 14 million dollars.

Good for G.E., right?

聽起來不錯吧？

And their customers and the environment.

對乘客和環境也好。

But, you know, the even better news

但還有一個更好的消息，

is that this technology is no longer reserved

這項技術不再專屬於

for deep-pocketed corporations.

有大把鈔票的企業財團。

Planetary Resources, a startup

一家新創的「行星資源公司」，

for space explorations

主要做太空探索。

is going to put out its first space probe later this year.

將在今年發射第一架太空探測器。

It was a fraction of a NASA spaceship,

無論在體積和成本上，

it costs a fraction of its cost,

和 NASA 的相比是小巫見大巫，

and it's made with less than a dozen moving parts,

少用了十幾個零件，

and it's going to be out in space later this year.

將在今年升空。

Google is taking on this very audacious project

Google 正在進行一個大膽的計畫：

of making the block phone, the Ara.

「拼裝手機 Ara」。

It's only possible because of the development

這個計畫，

因為「快速 3D列印」的發展成為可能。

of high-speed 3D printing that for the first time

開始能做出有功能的、

will make functional, usable modules

可拼裝零組件。

that will go into it.

A real moonshot, powered by 3D printing.

由 3D 列印成就的一個「登月計畫」。

How about food?

那食物呢？

What if we could, for the first time,

想像一下我們能夠製造出

make incredible delectables

色香味俱全的食物，

like this beautiful TED Teddy here,

就像這隻 TED 泰迪熊，

that are edible?

它真的可以吃。

What if we could completely change the experience,

或著我們能完全改變

印象中的苦艾酒滴酒器，

like you see with that absinthe serving

that is completely 3D printed?

變成 3D 列印的全新樣貌。

And what if we could begin to put ingredients

然後也許我們每一口，

and colors and flavors in every taste,

都嚐得到食材的顏色和氣味；

which means not only delicious foods

不只是在享受美味，

but the promise of personalized nutrition

同時也吃得到量身打造的必需營養。

around the corner?

And that gets me to one of the biggest deals about 3D printing.

這讓我想到了 3D 列印最大的特點：

With 3D printing, complexity is free.

再也沒有「很難做」這回事。

The printer doesn't care

印表機根本不管

if it makes the most rudimentary shape

你要印的是結構最簡陋，

or the most complex shape,

還是最複雜的產品。

and that is completely turning design

這完全顛覆了

我們對「設計」和「製造」的理解。

and manufacturing on its head as we know it.

Many people think that 3D printing will be

很多人覺得 3D 列印

會終結所謂的製造業。

the end of manufacturing as we know it.

I think that it's the opportunity to put

我反而覺得這是一個轉機，

tomorrow's technology in the hands of youngsters

讓年輕人發展新技術，

that will create endless abundance

並創造大量的就業機會。

of job opportunities,

and with that,

而且，

所有人都可以藉此

everybody can become an expert maker

變成專業的工匠和製造商。

and an expert manufacturer.

That will take new tools.

但這需要新的工具。

Not everybody knows how to use CAD,

不是每個人都會用電腦繪圖軟體，

so we're developing haptics,

所以我們在研發

「觸控式感應儀」，

perceptual devices

that will allow you to touch

讓你去觸摸、

and feel your designs

感受你的設計，

as if you play with digital clay.

就像是數位化的黏土。

When you do things like that,

而另一方面呢，

and we also developed things that take

還有這個類似拍立得的

physical photographs that are instantly printable,

「3D 影印機」。

it will make it easier to create content,

可以方便製造出照到的東西。

but with all of the unimagined,

雖然很神奇又便利，

we will also have the unintended,

我們也有特殊設計的

like democratized counterfeiting

「民主化」反盜版程式，

and ubiquitous illegal possession.

防止非法剽竊。

So many people ask me,

很多人會問：

will we have a 3D printer in every home?

「以後家家戶戶都會有 3D 印表機嗎？」

I think it's the wrong question to ask.

我覺得不是這麼說，

The right question to ask is,

該問的是：

how will 3D printing change my life?

「3D 列印會怎麼改變我們的生活？」

Or, in other words, what room in my house

或說：

「家中哪裡可以放 3D 列印的產品？」

will 3D printing fit in?

So everything that you see here

你現在看到的這些，

has been 3D printed,

都是用 3D 列印做的。

including these shoes

包括這雙，

在「阿姆斯特丹時裝周」展過的鞋。

at the Amsterdam fashion show.

Now, these are not my grandfather's shoes.

這和我祖父做的鞋大不相同，

這雙鞋代表的是他對

These are shoes that represent

the continuation of his passion

「超地方化」製鞋業熱情的延續。

for hyper-local manufacturing.

My grandfather didn't get to see Nike

我祖父沒有機會看到，

3D 列印的 Nike 美式足球鞋，

printing cleats for the recent Super Bowl,

在剛結束的超級盃大展身手。

and my father didn't get to see me standing

我父親也沒機會看到，

in my hybridized 3D printed shoes.

我穿這雙 3D 列印的多功能鞋。

He passed away three years ago.

他三年前過世了。

But Chuck Hull, the man that invented it all,

但讓這一切美夢成真的

is right here in the house today,

查克‧赫爾今天就坐在台下。

and thanks to him,

多虧有他、

I can say, thanks to his invention, I can say

歸功於他的發明，

我可以大聲說：「我也是鞋匠。」

that I am a cobbler too,

and by standing in these shoes

穿著這雙鞋，

I am honoring my past

我一面向前人致敬，

while manufacturing the future.

同時編織未來。

Thank you.

謝謝！

(Applause)

（掌聲）